CN104094772A - Method for producing pleurotus cornucopiae by utilizing manioc waste, mulberry stem and straw - Google Patents
Method for producing pleurotus cornucopiae by utilizing manioc waste, mulberry stem and straw Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing pleurotus cornucopiae by utilizing manioc waste, mulberry stem and straw. The method adopts pleurotus cornucopiae cultivation material to carry out high temperature fermentation in advance, and comprises the steps of crushing bagasse, mulberry stem and straw, feeding lime and thermophilic bacteria, fully mixing and then spraying water onto the mixture; covering a film on the mixture, and carrying out fermentation; after that, overturning, scattering wheat bran and fish meal into compost, evenly mixing, composting again, covering a film on the mixture, and carrying out fermentation for 2 days; overturning for 2-3 times in such a way, then evenly mixing, heating up to 70-80 DEG C, sterilizing for 15 hours, and cooling to the room temperature; then, inoculating strain to obtain the pleurotus cornucopiae after 8-10 days. According to the method, thermophilic bacteria fermentation raw material is utilized, so that the raw materials are more quickly decomposed thoroughly, the biological efficiency conversion of the raw materials can be promoted, the quality of the pleurotus cornucopiae is effectively improved, the yield of the pleurotus cornucopiae is increased, the energy consumption of a mushroom house is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungus growing technique, relate to a kind of method of utilizing high temperature bacterium fermentation manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to produce Ji mushroom.
Background technology
Ji mushroom another name small mushroom, belongs to Basidiomycotina, Pleurotaceae, and Ji mushroom is nutritious, is rich in protein, sugar, fat, vitamin and iron, calcium etc., and wherein protein content, higher than general vegetables, contains eight kinds of essential amino acids of human body.Mushroom meat fertilizer is tender, delicious tasty and refreshing, also has health-care efficacy, is the kind that favored by consumer in flat mushroom family.
1, biological property
The Major Nutrient material that 1.1 nutrition Ji mushroom growth and development processes need is organic carbon and organic nitrogen, is secondly micro-mineral element, and generally, these nutrition all can obtain from common culturing raw material.In cultivation, often adopting cotton seed hulls is main raw material, adds appropriate amount of auxiliary materials, supplements nitrogenous source, can improve output, promote quality.
2 temperature Ji mushrooms belong in low form mushroom class, mycelial growth temperature is generally at 6-28 ℃, optimum temperature is at 20-26 ℃, bad higher than 32 ℃ of mycelial growths.4-26 ℃ of sporophore growth temperature, 10-25 ℃ of optimum temperatures, sweltering heat in summer is fruiting not, lower than 4 ℃, is difficult for forming former base.
1.3 humidity are at vegetative stage, and the suitable water content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 65%, and relative air humidity 60% left and right, in the fruiting stage, requires relative air humidity to reach 85% one 95%, slow lower than 85% fruit body development, if higher than 95% easy to change rotting of cap.
1.4 air mycelia cultivation stages require mushroom room air fresh, and ventilation condition is good, and under ventilation good condition, mycelial growth is fast, dense.The fruiting stage needs flexible grasp, according to market, the requirement of mushroom body is regulated to air capacity, as requires mushroom body cap slightly large, and stem is shorter, and suitably strengthening to ventilate increases air capacity, as requires mushroom body cap little, and handle is longer, needs to control to ventilate and reduces air capacity.
Had better not illumination during 1 .5 illumination Ji mushroom mycelial growth, during fruiting, need certain scattered light, luminous intensity is advisable with 600-800Lx, can not have high light direct projection.
1.6 pH value Ji mushrooms growths require not bery strict to pH value, general pH 4 ~ 8 all can, general by after the spice of filling a prescription all can, without considering again pH value.
Ji mushroom is nutritious, delicious flavour, and the resistance of Ji mushroom and adaptability are all very strong, and available culturing raw material is very extensive, and raw material and the method that can cultivate at present Ji mushroom are also more and more.
As Chinese patent: a kind of method applying date of utilizing cathay hickory production and processing discarded object to make Ji mushroom planting material: 2013.10.24 applies for (patent right) people: Wu Fangcheng; Invention (design) people: Wu Fangcheng; Address: No. 111, South Road, industrial park town, Xi Wu street, Fenghua City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, summary: this invention is a kind of Ji mushroom planting material, it is characterized in that take that cathay hickory branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are primary raw material, be aided with the auxiliary materials such as corncob, wheat bran, soybean meal, superphosphate, land plaster, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.Content of the present invention also comprises the preparation method of this planting material.The invention has the advantages that: the one, cathay hickory branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, secondary fermentation or accumulation ripening, both the poisonous bateriostatics of having degraded, make again the macromolecular substances such as lignin, cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that Ji mushroom mycelia absorbs, promoted the growth of Ji mushroom mycelia; The 2nd, planting material reasonable mixture ratio, bacterium material good permeability, moisture capacity are strong, and Ji mushroom growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 110.6%-125.2%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for cathay hickory branch, Pu shell, shell provides a solution, also for a kind of new matrix has been found in the cultivation of Ji mushroom.
Chinese patent: a kind of method of utilizing sunflower accessory substance to make Ji mushroom planting material, the applying date: 2013.12.10 applies for (patent right) people: Wu Jinmei; Invention (design) people: Wu Jinmei; Address: Building 22, Guangming Lu, silk screen street, Fenghua City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province are the 3rd summary in the east: this invention is a kind of Ji mushroom planting material, accessory substance-the sunflower disk, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell and the sunflower seed grouts that it is characterized in that take sunflower are primary raw material, be aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, rice bran, sunflower seed grouts, superphosphate, pulverized limestone, land plaster, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.Content of the present invention also comprises the preparation method of this planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and reasonable raw material proportioning, has promoted the complementation of planting material physical behavior and the complementation of nutrient, makes bacterium material good permeability, moisture capacity strong, Ji mushroom mycelial growth is vigorous, and planting material is balanced in nutrition simultaneously, and Ji mushroom growing way is good, output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 125.6%-134.2%; The 2nd, not only the harmless treatment for sunflower disk, Sunflower Stalk, sunflower seed shell provides a solution, also for a kind of new matrix has been found in the cultivation of Ji mushroom.
Chinese patent: the preparation method of a kind of Ji mushroom planting material compatibility and this planting material, the applying date: 2013.07.29, application (patent right) people: Wu Jinfei; Invention (design) people: Wu Jinfei; Address: Fenghua City, Zhejiang Province agrotechnique is served master station (No. 71, Yue Lin East Road), summary: this invention is a kind of Ji mushroom planting material, it is characterized in that take that tea seed shell, tea Pu are primary raw material, be aided with the auxiliary materials such as bagasse, rice bran, dregs of beans, land plaster, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.Content of the present invention also comprises the preparation method of this planting material.Compare with cultivation on sawdust material, its advantage is: the one, and planting material good permeability, moisture capacity are strong, and Ji mushroom mycelial growth rate is fast, purseful time shorten; The 2nd, by natural packing, ferment, the substance decomposition such as the lignin in tea seed shell, tea Pu, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substance are to be conducive to the simple material that Ji mushroom mycelia absorbs, promoted the formation of the former base of Ji's massee fruiting bodies, effective mushroom quantity is increased, output improves 25%-35%; The 3rd, widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Chinese patent: utilize oily camphor tree leaf slag to prepare the method for Ji mushroom planting material, the applying date: 2013.06.25, application (patent right) people: Yibin College; Invention (design) people: Wei Qin; Wang Tao; Zhang Chao; Du Yonghua; Feng Ruizhang; The trip tinkling of pieces of jade; Address: No. 8, Jiu Sheng road, five-Grain Liquor main road, Yibin City Cuiping District, Sichuan Province, summary: this invention relates to and a kind ofly utilizes oily camphor tree leaf slag to prepare the method for Ji mushroom planting material, it is characterized in that: the oily camphor tree leaf that distillation was extracted to camphor oil is ground into after camphor tree leaf slag, by oily camphor tree leaf slag weighing scale, after adding the calcium carbonate of 2.8-3.2% and water fully infiltrate, regulate pH value to 8.5; By weight, by 60 parts of the camphor tree leaf slags after infiltrating, 28 parts of cotton seed hullss, 10 parts, wheat bran, 1 part of white sugar, 1 part of land plaster, mixes, and adjust pH to 8.0, makes planting material.The present invention substitutes most of cotton seed hulls production Ji mushroom with the abandoned oil camphor tree leaf slag that camphor oil was extracted in distillation; do not affecting under the prerequisite of yield and quality, greatly reducing production cost and the pollution rate of Ji mushroom cultivation, simultaneously; reduce oily camphor tree leaf slag and burned the pollution causing, protected environment.
Chinese patent: the preparation method of a kind of Ji mushroom planting material compatibility and this planting material, the applying date: 2013.07.22 applies for (patent right) people: Wu Jinfei; Invention (design) people: Wu Jinfei; Address: Fenghua City, Zhejiang Province agrotechnique is served master station (No. 71, Yue Lin East Road) summary: this invention, for a kind of Ji mushroom planting material, is characterized in that take that broad bean skin is as primary raw material, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as wood chip, wheat bran, and the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.Content of the present invention also comprises the preparation method of this planting material.Compare with cultivation on sawdust material, its advantage is: the one, and the collocation of planting material thickness rationally, has improved gas permeability and the water binding capacity of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and Ji mushroom mycelial growth rate is accelerated, purseful time shorten, output improves 10%-15%; The 2nd, widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.Social benefit of the present invention is: with broad bean skin, for substituting stuff cultivation Ji mushroom, can relax a part " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, turn waste into wealth, be conducive to energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Chinese patent: the preparation method of a kind of Ji mushroom planting material compatibility and this planting material, the applying date: 2013.08.06 applies for (patent right) people: Wu Jinfei; Invention (design) people: Wu Jinfei; Address: Fenghua City, Zhejiang Province agrotechnique is served master station (No. 71, Yue Lin East Road) summary: this invention is a kind of Ji mushroom planting material, it is characterized in that take that chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are primary raw material, be aided with the auxiliary materials such as cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%.Content of the present invention also comprises the preparation method of this planting material.The invention has the advantages that: the one, chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits, process by sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biofermentation, both removed poisonous bateriostatics, makes again macromolecular substances degraded, is conducive to the absorption of Ji mushroom mycelia, and mycelia growing way is vigorous; The 2nd, planting material reasonable mixture ratio, bacterium material good permeability, moisture capacity are strong, and effectively mushroom quantity is many, and its biological efficiency reaches 103.7%-112.5%; The 3rd, widened culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Periodical and for example: < < edible mushroom > > the 6th phase in 2013 | the good beautiful Li Xue branch Pang Jian of high uncommon right Liu Ji frost Xie Lumo, title: eucalyptus barks cultivation Ji mushroom test, summary: test, by add the eucalyptus barks of different amounts in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, is inquired into the feasibility that eucalyptus barks substitutes cotton seed hull cultivation Ji mushroom.Result of the test shows: eucalyptus barks energy Substitute For Partial cotton seed hull cultivation Ji mushroom, in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, add the growth rate that 51% eucalyptus barks can significantly improve Ji mushroom mycelia, and the biological transformation ratio of Ji mushroom reaches 95.93%.
Periodical: the new agriculture > > of < < o. 11th in 2011 | Jiang Tao Yu Hong rosy clouds, title: Ji mushroom cultivation, summary: Ji mushroom another name small mushroom, is subordinate to Basidiomycotina, Pleurotaceae.Ji mushroom is nutritious, is rich in protein, sugar, fat, vitamin and iron, calcium etc., and wherein protein content, higher than general vegetables, contains 8 kinds of essential amino acids of human body.Mushroom meat fertilizer is tender, delicious tasty and refreshing, also has health-care efficacy.In flat mushroom family, to be subject to one of kind that consumer favors most.Particularly summer air-conditioning cultivation, will have broad prospects.At present, very tight to the standard-required of Ji mushroom on market, the mushroom lid diameter of one-level Ji mushroom is less than 2 centimetres, therefore in fruit body, has just formed and will gather before not entering fast growing period.
Periodical: < < Shanghai Agricultural science and technology > > the 6th phase in 2007 | the good Yu Tian Hua of the intelligent Chen Sheng of Chu Li, title: pluck Ji mushroom culture technique, want: Ji mushroom another name small mushroom, belong to Basidiomycotina, Pleurotaceae is recent year rare edible mushroom newly developed.Ji mushroom is nutritious, is rich in protein, sugar, fat, vitamin and iron, calcium etc., and wherein protein content, higher than general vegetables, contains eight kinds of essential amino acids of human body.Mushroom meat fertilizer is tender, delicious tasty and refreshing, also has health-care efficacy, is the kind that favored by consumer in flat mushroom family.The resistance of Ji mushroom and adaptability are all very strong, and available culturing raw material is very extensive, both can also can cultivate by fermentation material by cured material bag-cultured.2005, the county introduced and Extend culture Ji mushroom, and output is higher, has a extensive future.Plant this mushroom and both improved Liao Wo county edible fungus class and the market competitiveness, obtained again good society, economy and ecological benefits.
Periodical: the < < Sichuan party building: rural area version > > the 10th phase in 2004 | Tang Limin ginger is adjacent, title: Ji mushroom culture technique, summary: Ji mushroom is again small mushroom, it is the important Export of Edible Fungi product of our province, main exit Japan, Korea S, on market, also there is at home good market. the raw material of its production are mainly cotton seed hullss, corncob, bagasse, straw, wheat straw, the agricultural crop straws such as beans stalk, production technology is simple, small investment, instant effect, income is high. the Ji mushroom of cultivation 0.07 hectare, can digest the stalk on 50 mu of ground, to promoting agricultural ecosystem benign cycle to play an important role.
Above patent and each periodical Ji mushroom culture technique respectively have advantage, all, for cultivation Ji mushroom provides diverse ways and culture matrix, but culture matrix is not all added with zymophyte, do not help fermenting raw materials, can not accelerate raw material and become thoroughly decomposed, biological efficiency is low, and Ji mushroom bad and output are lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above problem, utilize high temperature bacterium fermentation manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw as Ji mushroom matrix, the quantity of the matrix that has additional nutrients megathermal period microorganism, accelerate the rapid conversion of difficult degradation raw material organic substance, promoting organic matter degradation, raising megathermal period temperature, prolongation megathermal period to accelerate raw material becomes thoroughly decomposed, improve raw material biological efficiency, Ji mushroom abundant nutrition material is provided.The present invention utilizes high temperature bacterium fermentation manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to produce the method for Ji mushroom, accelerates raw material and becomes thoroughly decomposed, and promotes biological efficiency to transform, and improves the output of Ji's mushroom quality and Ji mushroom.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Utilize manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to produce a method for Ji mushroom, its process is as follows:
A: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack sterilizing: use polypropylene plastics pocket, specification is 20c m～23c m * 42～45c m * 0.025～0.03 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating packing in bag is wanted degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, install after material, sack ties with rope, autoclaving 2 ~ 3 h, are cooled to 20～28 ℃ and move to transfer room inoculation;
Described Ji mushroom planting material comprises the raw material of following parts by weight: manioc waste 50-70; Straw 10-30; Mulberry bar 5-15;
B: send out bacterium and cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity is controlled at 60%～70%, and shading is cultivated;
C: management of producing mushroom: move in time mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful, single wall formula pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80%～90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 ℃, 2 ~ 15 ℃ of the suitableeest fruiting temperature l;
D: adopt mushroom: most of fruit body bacteria cover diameter reaches 1.2 ~ 2.0c m in one clump of mushroom, long 2.5 ~ 4.0 o'clock of handle, gathers in time, holds mushroom body stem base portion while gathering, and turns round lower whole clump mushroom body, then divides grade packaged.
Above-described Ji mushroom planting material need to be carried out hot fermentation in advance, and its process is as follows:
A: first manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw are smashed, added the high temperature bacterium of the lime and the 2-4% that account for total composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption 2～4%, trickle after fully mixing, water content 65-70%, pH value is 8-9, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days;
B: the planting material turning by after fermentation, then peanut press pulp and fish meal are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2 days, so carries out, after turning 2-3 time, mixing thoroughly, is warmed up to 70-80 ℃, keeps sterilizing in 15 hours, is cooled to 20-28 ℃.
Above-described high temperature bacterium is the compound bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and cellulose decomposition bacteria, and parts by weight are 1:1:1; Its cultivating process need to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by from microorganism center or market lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and the cellulose decomposition bacteria bought with containing weight content 20-30% domestic birds and animals ight soil, the rubbish mud of 20-30%, the ferrous sulfate that adds 2-6%, all the other are straw, after fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed completely to 50-70 ℃, the fermentation mud of obtaining is as high temperature bacterium.
The present invention utilizes compost principle, utilize the effect of multiple-microorganism, by plant Organic residues, carry out mineral, humification and innoxious, make the nutrient of the organic of various complexity, be converted into soluble nutrient and humus, utilize the high temperature producing while piling up to kill germ, worm's ovum and the weed seed bringing in raw material simultaneously, reach innoxious object.
The compost megathermal period is the Main Stage that organic macromolecule destroys, ruptures and decompose, and is also the important stage that guarantees compost hazard-free.But due to the impact of temperature, the microbial population of compost megathermal period is very restricted, and has greatly limited the fast degradation of large molecule hard-degraded substance.High temperature bacterium have metabolism fast, active high, for time heat endurance short, enzyme high, build the features such as hot conditions kill pathogenic bacteria, biological transformation for organic substance under hot environment has immeasurable effect, compare and there is higher microbial metabolic activity and organic matter degradation rate with normal temperature bacterium, in solid waste, utilize field to have broad application prospects, by inoculation high temperature degradation bacterium, can increase the quantity of compost megathermal period microorganism, accelerate the rapid conversion of refractory organic compounds, thereby effectively improve composting efficiency.There are some researches show that in compost, inoculating high temperature degradation bacterium can promote organic matter degradation, improves compost megathermal period temperature, extend megathermal period quickening compost maturity.
Manioc waste of the present invention, it is the waste material of tapioca processing factory, almost there is no any use, factory is generally deposited in pond, peasants are transported back the part material as fermentation fertilizer, much do not use and can only let alone smelly contaminated environment, but it also contains part sugar, starch and vitamin and abundant organic matter, vitamin wherein, starch and abundant organic matter, as Ji mushroom matrix, are a kind of good comprehensive utilizations.
Mulberry bar is also one of agriculture waste material, and in silkworm culture zone, annual peasants look healthy and strong for mulberry leaf, need to carry out the summer and cut down with the autumn and cut down, and the mulberry bar that cuts down out is generally burnt.Mulberry bar is fully utilized, can turn waste into wealth, the nutriment that also takes full advantage of mulberry bar is cultivated straw mushroom.We also know, the mulberry leaf in mulberry tree, Sang Bai are a kind of good medicinal materials, and mulberry bar must be also useful to health as cultivating Ji mushroom raw material.
In like manner, straw is agricultural residue, if peasants need not be as fuel, just stacking is rotten smelly in the ground, but straw also contains partial starch, vitamin and abundant organic matter, as Ji mushroom matrix, is also a kind of method of good comprehensive utilization.
the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention utilizes high temperature bacterium fermentation manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw as Ji mushroom matrix, the quantity of the matrix that has additional nutrients megathermal period microorganism, accelerate the rapid conversion of difficult degradation raw material organic substance, promoting organic matter degradation, raising megathermal period temperature, prolongation megathermal period to accelerate raw material becomes thoroughly decomposed, improve raw material biological efficiency, Ji mushroom abundant nutrition material is provided, and the quality of improving product and raising Ji mushroom output, increased economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The composting of Ji mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
A: first 50 kilograms of manioc wastes, 5 kilograms of mulberry bars and 10 kilograms of straw are smashed, added 3 kilograms of high temperature bacterium fully to mix, 2 kilograms of lime are water-soluble, get supernatant and drench in mixed material, control water content 65-70%, pH value is 8-9, cover film, fermentation reactor system 2-5 days;
B: the planting material turning by after fermentation, then 5 kilograms of wheat bran are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2 days, so carries out, after turning 2-3 time, mixing thoroughly, is warmed up to 70-80 ℃, keeps sterilizing in 15 hours, is cooled to 20-28 ℃.
Above-mentioned high temperature bacterium is the compound bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and cellulose decomposition bacteria, parts by weight are 1:1:1, its cultivating process need to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by from microorganism center or market lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and the cellulose decomposition bacteria bought with containing weight content 20-30% domestic birds and animals ight soil, the rubbish mud of 20-30%, adds the ferrous sulfate of 2-6%, and all the other are dogstail, after fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed completely to 70-80 ℃, the fermentation mud of obtaining is as high temperature bacterium.。
Ji's mushroom cultivation method:
A: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack sterilizing: use polypropylene plastics pocket, specification is 20c m～23c m * 42～45c m * 0.025～0.03 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating packing in bag is wanted degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, install after material, sack ties with rope, autoclaving 2 ~ 3 h, are cooled to 20～28 ℃ and move to transfer room inoculation.
B: send out bacterium and cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity is controlled at 60%～70%, and shading is cultivated.
C: management of producing mushroom: move in time mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful, single wall formula pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80%～90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 ℃, 2 ~ 15 ℃ of the suitableeest fruiting temperature l.
D: adopt mushroom: most of fruit body bacteria cover diameter reaches 1.2 ~ 2.0c m in one clump of mushroom, long 2.5 ~ 4.0 o'clock of handle, gathers in time, holds mushroom body stem base portion while gathering, and turns round lower whole clump mushroom body, then divides grade packaged.
Embodiment 2:
The composting of Ji mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
A: first 70 kilograms of manioc wastes, 15 kilograms of mulberry bars and 30 kilograms of straw are smashed, added 2 kilograms of high temperature bacterium fully to mix, 4 kilograms of lime are water-soluble, get supernatant and drench in mixed material, control water content 65-70%, pH value is 8-9, cover film, fermentation reactor system 2-5 days;
B: the planting material turning by after fermentation, then 15 kilograms of wheat bran are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2 days, so carries out, after turning 2-3 time, mixing thoroughly, is warmed up to 70-80 ℃, keeps sterilizing in 15 hours, is cooled to 20-28 ℃.
Above-mentioned high temperature bacterium is the compound bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and cellulose decomposition bacteria, parts by weight are 1:1:1, its cultivating process need to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by from microorganism center or market lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and the cellulose decomposition bacteria bought with containing weight content 20-30% domestic birds and animals ight soil, the rubbish mud of 20-30%, adds the ferrous sulfate of 2-6%, and all the other are dogstail, after fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed completely to 70-80 ℃, the fermentation mud of obtaining is as high temperature bacterium.
Ji's mushroom cultivation method:
A: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack sterilizing: use polypropylene plastics pocket, specification is 20c m～23c m * 42～45c m * 0.025～0.03 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating packing in bag is wanted degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, install after material, sack ties with rope, autoclaving 2 ~ 3 h, are cooled to 20～28 ℃ and move to transfer room inoculation.
B: send out bacterium and cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity is controlled at 60%～70%, and shading is cultivated.
C: management of producing mushroom: move in time mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful, single wall formula pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80%～90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 ℃, 2 ~ 15 ℃ of the suitableeest fruiting temperature l.
D: adopt mushroom: most of fruit body bacteria cover diameter reaches 1.2 ~ 2.0c m in one clump of mushroom, long 2.5 ~ 4.0 o'clock of handle, gathers in time, holds mushroom body stem base portion while gathering, and turns round lower whole clump mushroom body, then divides grade packaged.
Embodiment 3:
The composting of Ji mushroom composts or fertilisers of cultivating:
A: first 60 kilograms of manioc wastes, 10 kilograms of mulberry bars and 20 kilograms of straw are smashed, added 4 kilograms of high temperature bacterium fully to mix, 3 kilograms of lime are water-soluble, get supernatant and drench in mixed material, control water content 65-70%, pH value is 8-9, cover film, fermentation reactor system 2-5 days;
B: the planting material turning by after fermentation, then 10 kilograms of wheat bran are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2 days, so carries out, after turning 2-3 time, mixing thoroughly, is warmed up to 70-80 ℃, keeps sterilizing in 15 hours, is cooled to 20-28 ℃.
Above-mentioned high temperature bacterium is the compound bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and cellulose decomposition bacteria, parts by weight are 1:1:1, its cultivating process need to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by from microorganism center or market lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and the cellulose decomposition bacteria bought with containing weight content 20-30% domestic birds and animals ight soil, the rubbish mud of 20-30%, adds the ferrous sulfate of 2-6%, and all the other are dogstail, after fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed completely to 70-80 ℃, the fermentation mud of obtaining is as high temperature bacterium.
Ji's mushroom cultivation method:
A: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack sterilizing: use polypropylene plastics pocket, specification is 20c m～23c m * 42～45c m * 0.025～0.03 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating packing in bag is wanted degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, install after material, sack ties with rope, autoclaving 2 ~ 3 h, are cooled to 20～28 ℃ and move to transfer room inoculation.
B: send out bacterium and cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity is controlled at 60%～70%, and shading is cultivated.
C: management of producing mushroom: move in time mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful, single wall formula pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80%～90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 ℃, 2 ~ 15 ℃ of the suitableeest fruiting temperature l.
D: adopt mushroom: most of fruit body bacteria cover diameter reaches 1.2 ~ 2.0c m in one clump of mushroom, long 2.5 ~ 4.0 o'clock of handle, gathers in time, holds mushroom body stem base portion while gathering, and turns round lower whole clump mushroom body, then divides grade packaged.
Adopt above-described embodiment to cultivate Ji mushroom, even if winter, temperature was lower, still can utilize manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to cultivate the Ji mushroom that obtains high yield, do not need to use high medium.In south, even if spring and autumn temperature is down to 10 left and right, do not need to rely on booth temperature control or Artificial Control temperature yet.
To be the present invention and to be added with waste cotton 30% composts or fertilisers of cultivating, do not adopt manioc waste, the culture bed result of measuring temperature of mulberry bar and Straw substrate plantation Ji mushroom 10Tian Shidui center of high temperature bacterium of the present invention:
| Atmospheric temperature | 8℃ | Ji mushroom growing state | Cost compare |
| Embodiment of the present invention composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature | 18℃ | Well | Composts or fertilisers of cultivating cost is low |
| Containing waste cotton 30% composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature | 23℃ | Well | Composts or fertilisers of cultivating cost is high |
| Do not adopt manioc waste, mulberry bar and the Straw substrate temperature of high temperature bacterium of the present invention | 12℃ | Generally | Composts or fertilisers of cultivating cost is low |
Claims (3)
1. utilize manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to produce a method for Ji mushroom, it is characterized in that, its process is as follows:
A: composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack sterilizing: use polypropylene plastics pocket, specification is 20c m～23c m * 42～45c m * 0.025～0.03 c m, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating packing in bag is wanted degree of tightness appropriateness, uniformity, install after material, sack ties with rope, autoclaving 2 ~ 3 h, are cooled to 20～28 ℃ and move to transfer room inoculation;
Described Ji mushroom planting material comprises the raw material of following parts by weight: manioc waste 50-70; Straw 10-30; Mulberry bar 5-15;
B: send out bacterium and cultivate: postvaccinal bacterium bag is transported in the culturing room of having sterilized in time, and between bacterium bag, temperature is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and culturing room should add forced ventilation, keep air fresh, relative air humidity is controlled at 60%～70%, and shading is cultivated;
C: management of producing mushroom: move in time mushroom room row's bag after mycelia purseful, single wall formula pile or tier rack type discharge on the ground, light scattering, add forced ventilation, strengthen day and night temperature, to mushroom canopy ground and wall water spray, keep relative air humidity 80%～90%, temperature remains on 10 ~ 20 ℃, 2 ~ 15 ℃ of the suitableeest fruiting temperature l;
D: adopt mushroom: most of fruit body bacteria cover diameter reaches 1.2 ~ 2.0c m in one clump of mushroom, long 2.5 ~ 4.0 o'clock of handle, gathers in time, holds mushroom body stem base portion while gathering, and turns round lower whole clump mushroom body, then divides grade packaged.
2. the method for utilizing manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to produce Ji mushroom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Ji mushroom planting material need to be carried out hot fermentation in advance, and its process is as follows:
A: first manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw are smashed, added the high temperature bacterium of the lime and the 2-4% that account for total composts or fertilisers of cultivating consumption 2～4%, trickle after fully mixing, water content 65-70%, pH value is 8-9, covers film, fermentation 3-5 days;
B: the planting material turning by after fermentation, then peanut press pulp and fish meal are sprinkled in composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mix thoroughly, recurrence heap, overlay film fermentation 2 days, so carries out, after turning 2-3 time, mixing thoroughly, is warmed up to 70-80 ℃, keeps sterilizing in 15 hours, is cooled to 20-28 ℃.
3. the method for utilizing manioc waste, mulberry bar and straw to produce Ji mushroom according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described high temperature bacterium is the compound bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and cellulose decomposition bacteria, and parts by weight are 1:1:1; Its cultivating process need to carry out high temperature acclimation, high temperature acclimation be by from microorganism center or market lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis and the cellulose decomposition bacteria bought with containing weight content 20-30% domestic birds and animals ight soil, the rubbish mud of 20-30%, the ferrous sulfate that adds 2-6%, all the other are straw, after fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed completely to 50-70 ℃, the fermentation mud of obtaining is as high temperature bacterium.
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