CN102643120A - Preparation method of organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102643120A CN102643120A CN2011100396683A CN201110039668A CN102643120A CN 102643120 A CN102643120 A CN 102643120A CN 2011100396683 A CN2011100396683 A CN 2011100396683A CN 201110039668 A CN201110039668 A CN 201110039668A CN 102643120 A CN102643120 A CN 102643120A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of: material preparation, that is, mixing mushroom slag with a biological starter, well mixing; fermentation, that is, performing aerobic fermentation of the materials to generate mycelia, then stacking and performing anaerobic fermentation till thorough decomposition; crushing and screening, that is, crushing and sieving the decomposed materials in S2; adhesive addition, that is, adding an organic adhesive into the sieved material to form a mixture, wherein the weight of the organic adhesive accounts for 1-10% of the weight of the mixture; granulation, that is, performing extrusion and granulation of the mixture by a granulator, drying at a low temperature to prepare the organic fertilizer. In the invention, a lot of mushroom slag which is discarded originally is processed into organic fertilizer with a high added value; the invention realizes 'changing waste into valuables', and has wide market application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of technology that is processed into mushroom residue in organic fertilizer; In particular to a kind of mushroom residue through aerobic fermentation, anaerobically fermenting; And pulverize the technology of back with the organic binder bond granulation, belong to the high added value organic fertilizer processing technique field of agricultural, flower industry.
Background technology
Mushroom is the mushroom that human planting scale is maximum, output is maximum, consumption is maximum.Can produce a large amount of mushroom residues in the mushroom course of processing.Mushroom residue mainly is tankage or the waste material that produces after the processing human consumption mushroom.A lot of mushroom producers often work as rubbish to mushroom residue and abandon.
But, also have some units or personal following 4 kinds of modes to use mushroom residue:
The first, as fuel.At China's wide geographic area, the topmost purposes of mushroom residue is as fuel.For example, in Qinghai, mushroom main producing regions such as Sichuan, Hubei, Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, mushroom residue mainly is used for burning a heatable brick bed, cooking, warm oneself.
The second, as matrix.China flowers, tobacco, a large amount of organic substrates of the annual consumption of industry such as grow seedlings.This type matrix mainly processes with natural peat; China's peat year produced quantity above 300,000,000 tons.Large scale mining peat to environment, has especially caused considerable damage to wood protection, soil conservation, grassland ecology.
At present, some enterprise begins to attempt replacing peat with mushroom residue, produces organic substrate.The production process of this organic substrate is: dry the back to mushroom residue and pulverize, process matrix.But, because mushroom residue contains a large amount of harmful bacterial classifications, the sterilization difficulty, and also the power of fiting of mushroom residue matrix is little, bounding force is little, is unfavorable for flowers, soilless culture tobacco seedling, and the growth of relevant crop.
And the nutritive element in the mushroom residue matrix is without fermentation in advance, decomposition, release, so the nutrient substance in the mushroom residue matrix is difficult for being absorbed by crop.
Above-mentioned two kinds exist big defectives to the use-patterns of mushroom residue, this be because: mushroom residue contains macronutrient, fuel with matrix application all wasted these nutritive elements.For example, mushroom residue contains nutritive elements such as crude protein, crude fat, Mierocrystalline cellulose, Serlabo, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.In all non-meat-based foods, the nutritive value of mushroom is only second to milk, and especially aminoacids content is only second to milk.Mushroom also has a large amount of VITAMINss, and the Vitamin C content in per 100 gram mushroom residues is up to 172 milligrams, than taller 2-6 of fruit and vegetable such as the piscidia of rich vitamin C, shaddock, capsicums doubly.
Mushroom also has the title of " vitamin A, D treasure-house ".Various fresh vegetabless, fruit mostly do not contain vitamins D, but mushroom contains a large amount of vitamins Ds.The vitamin A of mushroom, content of cellulose have high nutritive value also considerably beyond most of vegetables, fruit.
Above-mentioned two kinds burn to the use-pattern of mushroom residue or mushroom residue, or the above-mentioned macronutrient that mushroom residue contains has been wasted as crop matrix in the simple back of pulverizing.
Following two kinds of application modes to mushroom residue have overcome above-mentioned defective to a certain extent, but also have some shortcoming and defect:
The 3rd, as organic manure.Mushroom residue as the main mode of fertilizer is: pour mushroom residue into the ight soil pond, mushroom residue is degenerated automatically be decomposed into the muddy muck, shed in the field after drying muck then, give crop fertilization.This mushroom residue muck can only be slightly fertile as the land for growing field crops, can not be used as little Tian Jingfei, and the organic substrate of industry such as especially can not be used as flowers, tobacco, grow seedlings can not be used as the potted plant fertilizer.And the course of processing of this mushroom residue muck is long, and stink is big, transportation inconvenience, and the manure pit volume that takies is big, needs in time to wash in a pan dig manure pit, between new mushroom residue and ight soil soars clearly.
Therefore, this mushroom residue muck can only be personal by unit or custom setup, can not process commercial fertilizer, especially can not process can packing and selling commercial fertilizer.
The 4th, as the compost agent.China scientific research personnel finds, in agricultural organic fertilizer, adds mushroom residue, can promote compost organic matter, xylogen, cellulosic decomposition, improves compost quality.
For example, compost cooldown period interpolation mushroom residue helps improving the degradation of organic matter rate; Compost adds mushroom residue latter stage and helps absorbing the ammonia in the fixing compost, reduces the volatilization of ammonia, reduces pH value of compost; At the initial disposable interpolation mushroom residue of compost, help the accumulation of compost total nitrogen, improve humic acid and humus content in the composting production, reduce compost total nitrogen loss rate; , cooldown period gradation initial at compost added mushroom residue and helped the synthetic of compost nitric nitrogen, the decomposition of fulvic acid and the increase of HA/FA.
The agent of this mushroom residue compost can not be processed commercial fertilizer, especially can not process can packing and selling commercial fertilizer.And in this compost, mushroom residue is an auxiliary material, is not main raw material.
Therefore, develop a kind of new be the fertilizer of main raw material with the mushroom residue, not only make it as matrix nutritious, snap-out release, also as the industriallization distribution with execute the organic fertilizer of throwing, this is a great innovation of mushroom residue processed and applied technical field.
On the other hand, with plant-animal organic raw material processing and preparing organic fertilizer such as stalk, wheat bran, bone meal, become a huge industry; But this type of fertilizer lacks the raw material space, is not suitable for as matrix, especially is not suitable for as breeding, seedling medium; And as the matrix major ingredient, cost is too high with this type fertilizer.
At present, the product of alternative peat growing medium mainly is the matrix that mixes with bark chip and the tiny coal residue of particle.This matrix lacks nutritive value, needs to add organic fertilizer in addition or pour into nutritive medium.Therefore, a kind ofly can serve as the abundant organic substrate in nutritious, raw material space, can serve as the crop universality new-type fertilizer of organic fertilizer again separately, this is the technological gap and the market vacancy of fertilizer industry.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, develop and a kind ofly prepare the abundant organic substrate in raw material space, make it to serve as crop universality new-type fertilizer simultaneously with mushroom residue.
For this reason, the invention discloses a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1. prepare burden: preparation mushroom residue batching, sneak into bio-fermentation agent to batching, mixing;
S2. fermentation: the material to according to the arrangements of steps of S1 is implemented aerobe fermentation, make it to produce stack behind the mycelia and anaerobically fermenting to becoming thoroughly decomposed;
S3. pulverize and sieve: the material crushing screening after becoming thoroughly decomposed among the S2, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 10mm;
S4. add tackiness agent: the material that sieves in S3 is added with the machine tackiness agent and forms mixture, and the weight of said organic binder bond accounts for the 1-10% of said mixture weight;
S5. granulation: said mixture extruder grain, organic fertilizer is processed in cryodrying then with granulator.
Among the S1, the water cut of said mushroom residue is controlled between the 30-50% weight ratio, and said bio-fermentation agent accounts for the weight ratio of said mushroom residue between 1 ‰-5 ‰;
Among the S2, during 40-60 ℃ of said bank temperature rising, turning in time increases ventilation property, promotes moisture loss, and aerobic fermentation 10-20 days like this, to stacking till temperature no longer rises; Said material is produced to stack behind a large amount of mycelia by aerobic fermentation and implements anaerobically fermenting and continue to become thoroughly decomposed to said material in 10-20 days;
Among the S3, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 4mm.
Among the S4, said tackiness agent is a steeping water.In the said steeping water, dry matter weight content is than being 20-40%.
Batching among the S1 also comprises other plant-animal organic raw material except mushroom residue; The weight percent that other plant-animal organic raw material account for whole batchings can surpass 50%; But one or more add said batching other plant-animal organic raw material.
Said plant-animal organic raw material can be stalk.
Said plant-animal organic raw material can be wheat bran.
Said plant-animal organic raw material can be dregs of rice class.
Said plant-animal organic raw material can be bone meal, perhaps blood meal.
Said mushroom residue is for producing the mushroom waste material of people's edible mushrooms, perhaps mushroom raw material.
The water cut of the said organic fertilizer 1-20% that is weight percentage.
Said bio-fermentation agent is a mixed culture fermentation agent, includes multiple bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes and yeast with specific function, and said mushroom also is combined with each other through special technology fermentation, and antagonism not is collaborative each other mutually, is a kind of composite biological agent.
Said bio-fermentation agent comprises that the side spore is mould, white-rot fungi, mould, the healthy and free from worry wood of wood are mould, viride, long handle wood are mould, in her the Sa yeast of aspergillus, geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus albicans, black mold, Aspergillus usamii, Candida parapsilosis, Candida utilis, candida tropicalis, west, Issatchenkia orientalis one or more.
Said candida tropicalis is preferably Candidatropicalis CCTCC M 205067; Her Sa yeast of said west is preferably Issatchenkia occidentalis (Lj-3) CCTCC NO:M206097; Said Issatchenkia orientalis is preferably Issatchenkia orientalis) CCTCC NO:M 206098.
Said bio-fermentation agent is preferably " the expression bio-organic fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum " that Beijing legendary god of farming adopts the research and development of standing grain bio tech ltd, sells; The stable 2,000,000,000/gram that surpasses of the living bacteria count of said " expression bio-organic fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum " reaches as high as more than 10,000,000,000/gram.
The product of method preparation of the present invention is one of main raw material with the mushroom residue, not only makes mushroom residue can be used as matrix nutritious, snap-out release, also can be used as the organic fertilizer that throwing was distributed and executed in industriallization; It not only is used as fertile part to mushroom residue, also with its heap excrement additive as the interpolation of compost starting stage, has improved the nutrient release and the cultivation effect of compost fermentation.Under the situation of mushroom residue as the single batching of S1, experiment is found, adds bio-fermentation agent in advance, can make the crude protein of fermentation back mushroom residue material improve 18% at least, and Mierocrystalline cellulose, semicellulose degradation rate surpass 26%, 31% respectively.
At mushroom residue and rice straw jointly as the batching of S1; And mushroom residue and rice straw weight proportion are under 3: 7 the situation; Experiment is found; Add bio-fermentation agent in advance, can make fermentation back mixture crude protein improve 23% at least, Mierocrystalline cellulose, semicellulose degradation rate surpass 39%, 43% respectively.Experiment showed, that the present invention adds bio-fermentation agent in advance, and the technology that makes mushroom residue serve as main raw material and compost agent simultaneously has the better application effect.
With the organic fertilizer of explained hereafter of the present invention, be suitable as the smart fertile of plantation matrix and various crops, be fit to carry out large-scale industrialization processing to mushroom residue, plant-animal organic raw material.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment is used to further specify technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of preparation method of flowers organic substrate:
S1. prepare burden: mushroom residue mixes with wheat stalk; Mushroom residue weight account for " mushroom residue and stalk weight sum " 38%; Add bio-fermentation agent, mixing to above-mentioned mix;
S2. fermentation: the material to according to the arrangements of steps of S1 is implemented aerobe fermentation, make it to produce stack behind the mycelia and anaerobically fermenting to becoming thoroughly decomposed;
S3. pulverize and sieve: the material crushing screening after becoming thoroughly decomposed among the S2, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 10mm;
S4. add tackiness agent: the material that sieves in S3 is added with the machine tackiness agent and forms mixture, and the weight of said organic binder bond accounts for 6% of said mixture weight;
S5. granulation: said mixture extruder grain, organic fertilizer is processed in cryodrying then with granulator.
Among the S1, the water cut of said mushroom residue is a weight ratio 35%, and the weight ratio that said bio-fermentation agent accounts for said mix is 4 ‰;
Among the S2, said bank temperature rises 4 ℃ the time, and turning in time increases ventilation property, promotes moisture loss, and aerobic fermentation is 12 days like this, no longer rises to stacking temperature; Said material is produced to stack behind a large amount of mycelia by aerobic fermentation and implements anaerobically fermenting and continue to become thoroughly decomposed to said material in 16 days;
Among the S3, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 4mm.
Among the S4, said tackiness agent is a steeping water.In the said steeping water, dry matter weight content ratio is 28%.
Said bio-fermentation agent is a mixed culture fermentation agent, includes multiple bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes and yeast with specific function, and said mushroom also is combined with each other through special technology fermentation, and antagonism not is collaborative each other mutually, is a kind of composite biological agent.
Said bio-fermentation agent comprises her Sa yeast of candida tropicalis, west, Issatchenkia orientalis.Said candida tropicalis is Candidatropicalis CCTCC M 205067; Her Sa yeast of said west is Issatchenkia occidentalis (Lj-3) CCTCC NO:M206097; Said Issatchenkia orientalis is Issatchenkia orientalis) CCTCC NO:M 206098.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment discloses a kind of preparation method of the organic fertilizer of growing seedlings, and comprises the steps:
S1. prepare burden: preparation mushroom residue, wheat bran, bone meal mix, in the batching, the weight proportion of said three kinds of components is 3: 6.9: 0.1: in said mix, sneak into bio-fermentation agent, mixing;
S2. fermentation: the material to according to the arrangements of steps of S1 is implemented aerobe fermentation, make it to produce stack behind the mycelia and anaerobically fermenting to becoming thoroughly decomposed;
S3. pulverize and sieve: the material crushing screening after becoming thoroughly decomposed among the S2, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 10mm;
S4. add tackiness agent: the material that sieves in S3 is added with the machine tackiness agent and forms mixture, and the weight of said organic binder bond accounts for 2% of said mixture weight;
S5. granulation: said mixture extruder grain, organic fertilizer is processed in cryodrying then with granulator.
Among the S1, the water cut of said mushroom residue is controlled at weight ratio 40%, and said bio-fermentation agent accounts for the weight ratio of said mushroom residue 2 ‰;
Among the S2, said bank temperature rises 42 ℃ the time, and turning in time increases ventilation property, promotes moisture loss, and aerobic fermentation is 15 days like this, no longer rises to stacking temperature; Said material is produced to stack behind a large amount of mycelia by aerobic fermentation and implements anaerobically fermenting and continue to become thoroughly decomposed to said material in 14 days;
Among the S3, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 4mm.
Among the S4, said tackiness agent is a steeping water.In the said steeping water, dry matter weight content ratio is 22%.
" the expression bio-organic fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum " that said bio-fermentation agent is adopted the research and development of standing grain bio tech ltd, sold for Beijing legendary god of farming, the stable 2,000,000,000/gram that surpasses of the living bacteria count of said " expression bio-organic fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum ".
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment discloses a kind of preparation method of general organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1. prepare burden: preparation mushroom residue and rich cellulose, semicellulose plant material mix, the weight of mushroom residue accounts for the mix gross weight more than 10%, sneaks into bio-fermentation agent to batching, mixing;
S2. fermentation: the material to according to the arrangements of steps of S1 is implemented aerobe fermentation, make it to produce stack behind the mycelia and anaerobically fermenting to becoming thoroughly decomposed;
S3. pulverize and sieve: the material crushing screening after becoming thoroughly decomposed among the S2, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 10mm;
S4. add tackiness agent: the material that sieves in S3 is added with the machine tackiness agent and forms mixture, and the weight of said organic binder bond accounts for the 1-10% of said mixture weight;
S5. granulation: said mixture extruder grain, organic fertilizer is processed in cryodrying then with granulator.
Among the S1, the water cut of said mushroom residue is controlled between the 30-50% weight ratio, and said bio-fermentation agent accounts for the weight ratio of said mushroom residue between 1 ‰-5 ‰;
Among the S2, during 40-60 ℃ of said bank temperature rising, turning in time increases ventilation property, promotes moisture loss, and aerobic fermentation 10-20 days like this, to stacking till temperature no longer rises; Said material is produced to stack behind a large amount of mycelia by aerobic fermentation and implements anaerobically fermenting and continue to become thoroughly decomposed to said material in 10-20 days;
Among the S3, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 4mm.
Among the S4, said tackiness agent is a steeping water.In the said steeping water, dry matter weight content is than being 20-40%.
The water cut of the said organic fertilizer 1-20% that is weight percentage.
Said bio-fermentation agent is a compound ferment; " the Shandong prosperous economic benefits and social benefits organic fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum " of be preferably the research and development of Shandong, Changyi City, Shandong Province prosperous economic benefits and social benefits mixed organic fertilizer factory, selling; The stable 200,000,000/gram that surpasses of the living bacteria count of said " Shandong prosperous economic benefits and social benefits organic fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum " reaches as high as more than 1,000,000,000/gram.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of an organic fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1. prepare burden: preparation mushroom residue batching, sneak into bio-fermentation agent to batching, mixing;
S2. fermentation: the material to according to the arrangements of steps of S1 is implemented aerobe fermentation, make it to produce stack behind the mycelia and anaerobically fermenting to becoming thoroughly decomposed;
S3. pulverize and sieve: the material crushing screening after becoming thoroughly decomposed among the S2, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 10mm;
S4. add tackiness agent: the material that sieves in S3 is added with the machine tackiness agent and forms mixture, and the weight of said organic binder bond accounts for the 1-10% of said mixture weight;
S5. granulation: said mixture extruder grain, organic fertilizer is processed in cryodrying then with granulator.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Among the S1, the water cut of said mushroom residue is controlled between the 30-50% weight ratio, and said bio-fermentation agent accounts for the weight ratio of said mushroom residue between 1 ‰-5 ‰;
Among the S2, during 40-60 ℃ of said bank temperature rising, turning in time increases ventilation property, promotes moisture loss, and aerobic fermentation 10-20 days like this, to stacking till temperature no longer rises; Said material is produced to stack behind a large amount of mycelia by aerobic fermentation and implements anaerobically fermenting and continue to become thoroughly decomposed to said material in 10-20 days;
Among the S3, the material particles diameter after sieving is less than 4mm.
3. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
Among the S4, said tackiness agent is a steeping water.In the said steeping water, dry matter weight content is than being 20-40%.
4. preparation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the batching among the S1 also comprises other plant-animal organic raw material.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said plant-animal organic raw material is a stalk.
6. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said plant-animal organic raw material is a wheat bran.
7. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said plant-animal organic raw material is a dregs of rice class.
8. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said plant-animal organic raw material is bone meal, perhaps blood meal.
9. according to each described preparation method of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that said mushroom residue is for producing the mushroom waste material of people's edible mushrooms.
10. application rights requires the organic fertilizer that 9 preparation method obtains, and it is characterized in that the water cut of the said organic fertilizer 1-20% that is weight percentage.
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