CN105272409A - Cherry tomato culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cherry tomato culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cherry tomato culture medium and its preparation method. The cherry tomato culture medium comprises the following substances (by weight): 65-80 parts of crop straw powder, 30-45 parts of soybean meal, 15-26 parts of peanut meal, 15-20 parts of spent mushroom compost powder, 14-20 parts of humic acid, 13-20 parts of algae powder, 20-26 parts of plant ash, 15-21 parts of fishbone dust, 13-18 parts of Styphnolobium japonicum wood dust, 9-16 parts of pine needle meal, 25-35 parts of poultry manure, 20-35 parts of peat soil and 10-16 parts of coal ash. The invention also provides a preparation method of the cherry tomato culture medium. The prepared culture medium is specifically a culture medium for growth of cherry tomato. Straw used for the prepared culture medium is rich in nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matters, etc. The culture medium produced by fermentation of natural raw materials meets crop growth and development requirements, has more excellent fertility than a fertilizer purchased in the market, is easier to absorb and has fast release speed of fertility. The prepared culture medium can be used to remarkably raise quality and yield of cherry tomato.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cherry tomato cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Although the soilless culture research and extension the eighties middle and later periods of China just rises, development rapidly.According to incompletely statistics, national soilless culture area is more than 200hm2.The mainly nutritive medium soilless culture of China's research and extension, all with the nutrition liquid irrigation vegetables of chemical fertilizer preparation, in nutrient management and root system oxygen supply, technical requirements is high, operation easier is large; And matched auxiliaring equipment is as expensive in input costs such as cultivation bed, timer, water pumps.These factors seriously hamper the development of soilless culture in China.Organic substrate cultivation technique without soil is a kind of high efficiency, low cost cultivation technique without soil of China's original creation.The nutritive medium that this technology does not use chemical fertilizer to prepare, and use the agricultural wastes (straw, family's manure of livestock and poultry, bacterium chaff etc.) after harmless treatment as matrix, to mix after rational proportion with solid fertilizer culturing vegetable crop.To water clear water in process of crop growth, technological operation is simple, and practicality and high efficiency, greatly reduces the usage quantity of chemical fertilizer, and the Product Green of production is nuisanceless.It had not only had the advantage of soilless culture but also had overcome that nutritive medium cultivation technique without soil difficulty is large, cost is high, penetration and promotion is difficult, can not produce the defect of vegetables green food.Organic substrate cultivation technique without soil efficiently solves the developing bottleneck problem of Sustained Vegetable---and soil pollution and soil swelling-shrinkage, also purified environment simultaneously, turned waste into wealth, and it is social and ecological benefits are obviously very huge.Although organic substrate soilless culture emerges, the time is not long, and the speed of application is quite surprising, and application area reaches more than 300hm2 at present, exceedes 60% of the soilless culture total area.
Cherry tomato has another name called mini-tomato, mini tomato, little tomato, cherry tomato etc., it is annual herb plant, belong to the mutation that Solanaceae tomato belongs to, originate in the Peru of South America, the ancestors of cultivated tomato, its shape has plum shape, pyriform, oblong etc., and the color after maturation then has yellow, pink, bright red, orange etc.Cherry Tomato Fruit is bright-colored beautiful, taste sweet and sour palatability, and rich vitamin and mineral substance have nutritive value and pharmaceutical use, is suitable for being processed into whole fruit can, dry fruit, eating raw or prepared food, is well received by consumers.
Chinese invention patent CN103964958A (publication date is on August 6th, 2014) discloses the preparation method of the special organic substrate of a kind of cherry tomato, comprise organic fermentative processing, air-dry, pulverization process, screening, clean and the steps such as wind election process process, the total nitrogen content 8-12% of obtained organic substrate, carbon content 65-72%, total sugar content 8-12%, reducing sugar content 5-9%, nicotine content 1-1.8%, content of humic acid is 7-12%, the organic substrate that this invention obtains can improve the output of cherry tomato greatly, improve quality, and effectively can reduce the generation of disease, but this invention does not have good result in reduction cherry tomato postharvest storage rotting rate.Report and the research that can improve the cultivation matrix of cherry tomato quality and yield are at present also fewer.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of newly can improve cultivation matrix of cherry tomato yield and quality and preparation method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Cherry tomato cultivation matrix provided by the invention, comprises the material of following parts by weight: crop material powder 65-80 part, soybean meal 30-45 part, peanut meal 15-26 part, bacterium mushroom ground-slag 15-20 part, humic acids 14-20 part, algae powder 13-20 part, plant ash 20-26 part, fishbone powder 15-21 part, Chinese scholartree wood dust 13-18 part, pine needle powder 9-16 part, poultry manure 25-35 part, peat soil 20-35 part, coal ash 10-16 part.
Crop material is the most basic the most frequently used raw material in fertilizer and cultivation matrix, but, different stalk quality is different, the organic matter contained is also different, later stage fermentation effect is also different, the present invention is directed to cherry tomato, preferred crop material is the mixture of maize straw, soybean stalk, peanut straw, and part by weight is 10:3-5:2-6 respectively.Best, the part by weight of maize straw, soybean stalk, peanut straw is 10:4:5 respectively.
Algae powder described in matrix of the present invention is the mixture of waterside lichenin, kelp powder, Kelp Powder, and the part by weight of three is 10:1-3:2-6 respectively.Best, the part by weight of three is 10:2:4 respectively.
Further, purslane and the field thistle mixed powder of 10-13 part can also be added in cultivation matrix of the present invention, purslane and field thistle are common weeds in field, but are also Chinese medicine, add purslane and field thistle and have good facilitation effect to the quality improving cherry tomato in cultivation matrix.Purslane and field thistle dried grinds, and both optimum weight ratios are 5:2-3.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of cherry tomato cultivation matrix, comprises the following steps:
(1) by EM stoste and glucose water-soluble EM fermented liquid, EM stoste: glucose: the weight ratio 2-4:1:10 of water;
(2) soybean meal and peanut meal are added water boil 20-30 minute, the part by weight of the dregs of rice and water is 1-3:10, then adds crop material powder and bacterium mushroom ground-slag stirs, and then adds EM fermented liquid, sealing and fermenting 2-3 days, the temperature 30-40 degree Celsius of fermentation; The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.0-1.5 times of peanut meal weight, obtains fermentation materials a after having fermented;
(3) by humic acids, algae powder, plant ash, fishbone powder, Chinese scholartree wood dust and pine needle powder mixing, add EM fermented liquid, the weight of aerobic fermentation 3-4 days, EM fermented liquid is 1.0-1.3 times of humic acids weight, obtains fermentation materials b after having fermented;
(4) poultry manure, peat soil and coal ash are mixed, hyperthermia drying 100 degrees Celsius keeps 20-30min sterilizing, adds the fermentation of EM fermented liquid, aerobic fermentation 3-4 days after cooling, the weight of EM fermented liquid is 0.5-1.3 times of poultry manure weight, obtains fermentation materials c after having fermented;
(5) fermentation materials a, fermentation materials b, fermentation materials c are mixed, obtain cherry tomato cultivation matrix.
Preferably, the fermentation in step (4) adopts fermentation method in batches, is specially:
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 20-30 hour, leavening temperature 30-35 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/2nd weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 30-40 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 25-35 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius.
Further, in step (2)-(4), while adding EM fermented liquid, can add fermentable promotor, the weight of fermentable promotor is 2-6 times of the EM fermented liquid added simultaneously.The invention provides a kind of composition of fermentable promotor, comprise soybean protein isolate, agar, glucose, the weight ratio between them is 2-6:8-15:2-6 respectively.
Further, cultivation matrix of the present invention also provides a kind of technological method adding purslane and field thistle mixed powder, and the difference of its preparation method and aforesaid method is in step (3):
(3) by purslane and field thistle mixed powder, humic acids, algae powder, plant ash, fishbone powder, Chinese scholartree wood dust and pine needle powder mixing, add EM fermented liquid, the weight of aerobic fermentation 3-4 days, EM fermented liquid is 1.2-1.5 times of humic acids weight, obtains fermentation materials b after having fermented;
Other step is identical.
Poultry manure in the present invention is the common feces of livestock and poultry such as chicken manure, pig manure.
EM stoste of the present invention provides by liking that peaceful happy environment friendly biological technology (Nanjing) company limited produces, be made up of many genus multiple-microorganism of the three large floras such as photosynthetic mushroom, lactic acid bacteria class, budding fungus, by zymotechnique by above-mentioned aerobic and anaerobion mixed culture, each microorganism produces useful matter and secretory product thereof in its process of growth, by the alternate biological flora that long relation forms a Stability Analysis of Structures, function has varied microflora widely altogether.Wherein viable count every milliliter is no less than 100,000,000, and pH is not less than 3.5, and color is filemot translucent liquid, and smell is comparatively concentrated acid taste.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the cultivation matrix tool that prepared by the present invention is for the special cultivation matrix of the growth of cherry tomato.
(2) stalk that the cultivation matrix that prepared by the present invention utilizes is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc., the cultivation matrix of natural matter fermentative production is close to needed for crop growth, the fertilizer fertility bought than market is better, more easily absorbed, and fertility release rate is fast.
(3) the preparation process ferment effect of cultivation matrix of the present invention is good, and in the fertilizer of acquisition, the content of microorganism is high, in fertilizer living bacteria count (CFU) reach 3-5 hundred million/gram.
(4) cultivation matrix that prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the quality and yield of cherry tomato.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The cherry tomato cultivation matrix that the present embodiment provides, comprises the material of following parts by weight: 65 parts, crop material powder, soybean meal 30 parts, peanut meal 15 parts, bacterium mushroom ground-slag 15 parts, humic acids 14 parts, 13 parts, algae powder, plant ash 20 parts, fishbone powder 15 parts, Chinese scholartree wood dust 13 parts, pine needle powder 9 parts, poultry manure 25-part, peat soil 20 parts, coal ash 10 parts.
This enforcement crop material is the mixture of maize straw, soybean stalk, peanut straw, and part by weight is 10:3:2 respectively.Algae powder described in the matrix of the present embodiment is the mixture of waterside lichenin, kelp powder, Kelp Powder, and the part by weight of three is 10:1:2 respectively.
The cherry tomato cultivation matrix composition method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
(1) by EM stoste and glucose water-soluble EM fermented liquid, EM stoste: glucose: the weight ratio 2:1:10 of water;
(2) soybean meal and peanut meal are added water boil 20 minutes, the part by weight of the dregs of rice and water is 1:10, then adds crop material powder and bacterium mushroom ground-slag stirs, and then adds EM fermented liquid, sealing and fermenting 2 days, the temperature of fermentation 30 degrees Celsius; The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.0 times of peanut meal weight, obtains fermentation materials a after having fermented;
(3) by humic acids, algae powder, plant ash, fishbone powder, Chinese scholartree wood dust and pine needle powder mixing, add EM fermented liquid, aerobic fermentation 3 days, the weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.0 times of humic acids weight, obtains fermentation materials b after having fermented;
(4) poultry manure, peat soil and coal ash are mixed, hyperthermia drying 100 degrees Celsius keeps 20min sterilizing, and add the fermentation of EM fermented liquid after cooling, aerobic fermentation 3 days, the weight of EM fermented liquid is 0.5 times of poultry manure weight, obtains fermentation materials c after having fermented;
(5) fermentation materials a, fermentation materials b, fermentation materials c are mixed, obtain cherry tomato cultivation matrix.
Poultry manure in the present embodiment is chicken manure.
embodiment 2
The cherry tomato cultivation matrix that the present embodiment provides, comprises the material of following parts by weight: 80 parts, crop material powder, soybean meal 45 parts, peanut meal 26 parts, bacterium mushroom ground-slag 20 parts, humic acids 20 parts, 20 parts, algae powder, plant ash 26 parts, fishbone powder 21 parts, Chinese scholartree wood dust 18 parts, pine needle powder 16 parts, poultry manure 35 parts, peat soil 35 parts, coal ash 16 parts.
Crop material is the mixture of maize straw, soybean stalk, peanut straw, and part by weight is 10:5:6 respectively.Algae powder is the mixture of waterside lichenin, kelp powder, Kelp Powder, and the part by weight of three is 10:3:6 respectively
The method of the present embodiment cherry tomato cultivation matrix, comprises the following steps:
(1) by EM stoste and glucose water-soluble EM fermented liquid, EM stoste: glucose: the weight ratio 4:1:10 of water;
(2) soybean meal and peanut meal are added water boil 30 minutes, the part by weight of the dregs of rice and water is 3:10, then adds crop material powder and bacterium mushroom ground-slag stirs, and then adds EM fermented liquid, sealing and fermenting 3 days, the temperature of fermentation 40 degrees Celsius; The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.5 times of peanut meal weight, obtains fermentation materials a after having fermented;
(3) by humic acids, algae powder, plant ash, fishbone powder, Chinese scholartree wood dust and pine needle powder mixing, add EM fermented liquid, aerobic fermentation 4 days, the weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.3 times of humic acids weight, obtains fermentation materials b after having fermented;
(4) poultry manure, peat soil and coal ash are mixed, hyperthermia drying 100 degrees Celsius keeps 30min sterilizing, and add the fermentation of EM fermented liquid after cooling, fermentation adopts fermentation method in batches, is specially:
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 20-30 hour, leavening temperature 30-35 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/2nd weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 30-40 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 25-35 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius.
The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.3 times of poultry manure weight, obtains fermentation materials c after having fermented;
(5) fermentation materials a, fermentation materials b, fermentation materials c are mixed, obtain cherry tomato cultivation matrix.
For increasing ferment effect, in step (2)-(4), while adding EM fermented liquid, add fermentable promotor, the weight of fermentable promotor is 4 times of the EM fermented liquid added simultaneously.The present embodiment provides a kind of composition of fermentable promotor, comprises soybean protein isolate, agar, glucose, and the weight ratio between them is 4:10:5 respectively.
Poultry manure in the present embodiment is chicken manure.
embodiment 3
The cherry tomato cultivation matrix that the present embodiment provides, comprises the material of following parts by weight: 70 parts, crop material powder, soybean meal 40 parts, peanut meal 22 parts, bacterium mushroom ground-slag 17 parts, humic acids 17 parts, 16 parts, algae powder, plant ash 24 parts, fishbone powder 16 parts, Chinese scholartree wood dust 15 parts, pine needle powder 13 parts, poultry manure 30 parts, peat soil 27 parts, coal ash 13 parts, purslane and field thistle mixed powder 10-13 part.
Crop material is the mixture of maize straw, soybean stalk, peanut straw, and part by weight is 10:4:5 respectively.Algae powder described in the matrix of the present embodiment is the mixture of waterside lichenin, kelp powder, Kelp Powder, and the part by weight of three is 10:2:4 respectively.
Purslane and field thistle are common weeds in field, but are also Chinese medicine, add purslane and field thistle and have good facilitation effect to the quality improving cherry tomato in cultivation matrix.Purslane and field thistle dried grinds, and both weight ratios are 5:3.
The present embodiment provides the method for above-mentioned cherry tomato cultivation matrix, comprises the following steps:
(1) by EM stoste and glucose water-soluble EM fermented liquid, EM stoste: glucose: the weight ratio 3:1:10 of water;
(2) soybean meal and peanut meal are added water boil 26 minutes, the part by weight of the dregs of rice and water is 2:10, then adds crop material powder and bacterium mushroom ground-slag stirs, and then adds EM fermented liquid, sealing and fermenting 3 days, the temperature of fermentation 33 degrees Celsius; The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.3 times of peanut meal weight, obtains fermentation materials a after having fermented;
(3) by purslane and field thistle mixed powder, humic acids, algae powder, plant ash, fishbone powder, Chinese scholartree wood dust and pine needle powder mixing, add EM fermented liquid, aerobic fermentation 4 days, the weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.4 times of humic acids weight, obtains fermentation materials b after having fermented;
(4) poultry manure, peat soil and coal ash are mixed, hyperthermia drying 100 degrees Celsius keeps 28min sterilizing, and add the fermentation of EM fermented liquid after cooling, fermentation adopts fermentation method in batches, is specially:
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 20-30 hour, leavening temperature 30-35 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/2nd weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 30-40 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 25-35 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius.
The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1 times of poultry manure weight, obtains fermentation materials c after having fermented;
(5) fermentation materials a, fermentation materials b, fermentation materials c are mixed, obtain cherry tomato cultivation matrix.
In step (2)-(4), while adding EM fermented liquid, add fermentable promotor, the weight of fermentable promotor is 5 times of the EM fermented liquid added simultaneously.The present embodiment provides a kind of composition of fermentable promotor, comprises soybean protein isolate, agar, glucose, and the weight ratio between them is 4:11:4 respectively.
Poultry manure in the present embodiment is pig manure.
the actual use planting experiment of above-mentioned three embodiments of embodiment 4
Stating cultivation matrix prepared by three embodiments for actual experiment, contrast experiment selects greenhouse gardening, the soil plantation that control group is conventional.Other cultivation conditions are identical.
Test materials is cherry tomato, and kind is ruby.
Measure below by effective viable bacteria of the cultivation matrix prepared 3 examples and result of use
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Contrast | |
| Effective viable bacteria (hundred million/gram) | 4.02 | 3.99 | 4.32 | 0 |
| Dry matter content (g/kg) | 69.3 | 70.8 | 73.9 | 51.3 |
| Soluble solid (%) | 9.13 | 9.38 | 9.45 | 7.32 |
| Vitamins C (mg/kg) | 628.1 | 633.7 | 658.7 | 547.2 |
| Soluble sugar (g/kg) | 66.8 | 69.1 | 71.6 | 54.3 |
| Organic acid content (g/kg) | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 5.9 |
| Single fruit weight (g) | 11.3 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 10.2 |
| Single plant yield (g) | 1236 | 1289 | 1328 | 1106 |
Claims (6)
1. a cherry tomato cultivation matrix, is characterized in that, comprises the material of following parts by weight: crop material powder 65-80 part, soybean meal 30-45 part, peanut meal 15-26 part, bacterium mushroom ground-slag 15-20 part, humic acids 14-20 part, algae powder 13-20 part, plant ash 20-26 part, fishbone powder 15-21 part, Chinese scholartree wood dust 13-18 part, pine needle powder 9-16 part, poultry manure 25-35 part, peat soil 20-35 part, coal ash 10-16 part.
2. cherry tomato cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, crop material is the mixture of maize straw, soybean stalk, peanut straw, and part by weight is 10:3-5:2-6 respectively.
3. cherry tomato cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described algae powder is the mixture of waterside lichenin, kelp powder, Kelp Powder, and the part by weight of three is 10:1-3:2-6 respectively.
4. cherry tomato cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises purslane and the field thistle of 10-13 part.
5. the method for the cherry tomato cultivation matrix of preparation described in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) by EM stoste and glucose water-soluble EM fermented liquid, EM stoste: glucose: the weight ratio 2-4:1:10 of water;
(2) soybean meal and peanut meal are added water boil 20-30 minute, the part by weight of the dregs of rice and water is 1-3:10, then adds crop material powder and bacterium mushroom ground-slag stirs, and then adds EM fermented liquid, sealing and fermenting 2-3 days, the temperature 30-40 degree Celsius of fermentation; The weight of EM fermented liquid is 1.0-1.5 times of peanut meal weight, obtains fermentation materials a after having fermented;
(3) by humic acids, algae powder, plant ash, fishbone powder, Chinese scholartree wood dust and pine needle powder mixing, add EM fermented liquid, the weight of aerobic fermentation 3-4 days, EM fermented liquid is 1.0-1.3 times of humic acids weight, obtains fermentation materials b after having fermented;
(4) poultry manure, peat soil and coal ash are mixed, hyperthermia drying 100 degrees Celsius keeps 20-30min sterilizing, adds the fermentation of EM fermented liquid, aerobic fermentation 3-4 days after cooling, the weight of EM fermented liquid is 0.5-1.3 times of poultry manure weight, obtains fermentation materials c after having fermented;
(5) fermentation materials a, fermentation materials b, fermentation materials c are mixed, obtain cherry tomato cultivation matrix.
6. the preparation method of cherry tomato cultivation matrix according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the fermentation in step (4) adopts fermentation method in batches, is specially:
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 20-30 hour, leavening temperature 30-35 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/2nd weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 30-40 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius;
Evenly be sprayed on mixture by the EM fermented liquid of 1/4th weight, spray limit, limit is turned over, aerobic fermentation 25-35 hour, leavening temperature 35-37 degree Celsius.
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| CN106106089A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 李建涛 | A kind of plant cultivation media of indoor air purification |
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Application publication date: 20160127 |