CN108260477B

CN108260477B - Mountain pasture planting method with slope of 10-25 degrees in alpine mountain area

Info

Publication number: CN108260477B
Application number: CN201810045379.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 联伟; 赵洪德; 邢惠萍; 陈惠蓉; 李卫民; 张海军; 赵晓珩
Original assignee: Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station In Kaiyuan City
Current assignee: Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station In Kaiyuan City
Priority date: 2018-01-17
Filing date: 2018-01-17
Publication date: 2020-03-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-01-17
Also published as: CN108260477A

Abstract

A mountain pasture planting method with a slope of 10-25 degrees in a alpine mountain area is characterized in that pasture planting is carried out on a mountain area with a slope of 10-25 degrees in the southeast of Yunnan province of China at an altitude of 2000-2500 m, and annual ryegrass binded seeds 9-11%, perennial ryegrass maidi seeds 28-32%, Dactylis glomerata seeds 28-32% and Trifolium pratense seeds 28-32% are sowed in a mixed mode on the sunny side of the mountain area; on the dorsal shade side of the mountain, 9-11% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 28-32% of perennial ryegrass maidi seeds, 28-32% of cocksfoot fenba seeds and 28-32% of Trifolium repens super-sea seeds are sowed in a mixed mode. The invention provides a forage grass planting method in alpine mountainous areas, which is suitable for being implemented in southeast of Yunnan province of China, has fast forage grass breeding, good growth and obvious ecological restoration effect.

Description

Mountain pasture planting method with slope of 10-25 degrees in alpine mountain area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pasture planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting pasture in mountainous regions with a slope of 10-25 degrees in alpine mountainous regions.

Background

In the sea level area with the grain size of more than 2000-2500 meters in the southeast part of Yunnan province of China, the climate is cold, the temperature is low, the soil humidity is high, the annual precipitation is low, the rain is heavy in summer, and the drought is heavy in winter. Most natural grasslands are all barren lands, poor lands, alternate cultivation and wide seed harvest, grassland plants mainly comprise artemisias and ferns with low economic value, and grassland vegetation coverage is low. In recent years, due to excessive grazing and unreasonable development and utilization, natural grassland is seriously degraded, grassland resources are seriously damaged, large-area stony desertification occurs, ecology is continuously worsened, livestock forage is seriously lacked for herdsmen, and the contradiction between grassland and livestock is increasingly prominent. To solve the contradiction between ecological degeneration and poor herdsman in alpine regions, the most effective method is to carry out ecological restoration by planting pasture. However, the pasture planting is greatly influenced by the sea level, the air temperature, the soil, the precipitation and the like, the planting mode is unscientific, and the variety of the pasture used is unreasonable, so that the growth and ecological restoration effects of the pasture can be influenced to a great extent. Because the precedent and experience of planting the pasture grass in large area are not existed in the alpine mountain area of the southeast part of Yunnan province, but the existing planting method and pasture grass variety test planting in the northern part of China are directly adopted, the inadaptability is generated, and the ideal effect is not obtained.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for planting pasture in alpine mountain areas, which is suitable for being implemented in southeast of Yunnan province in China, has the advantages of fast pasture breeding, good growth and obvious ecological restoration effect.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for planting pasture in mountainous regions with a slope of 10-25 degrees in alpine mountainous areas is characterized in that pasture is planted in the alpine mountainous areas with an altitude of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province of China on both sides of the sun and the shady of the mountainous regions with the slope of 10-25 degrees, and the specific method is as follows:

(1) preparing a seedbed: the method comprises the steps of (1) digging shrubs on mountains along roots, and then plowing sowing rows of the pasture along contour lines, wherein the row spacing is 28-32 cm, and the sowing row depth is 14-16 cm;

(2) preparing for seeding: the method comprises the following steps of (1) planting grasslands on sunny sides of mountainous regions, preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.4-2.6 kg/mu, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9-11% of annual ryegrass binded seeds (Abundant), 28-32% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds (Mathilde), 28-32% of Dainata Dactylica Dunaliella seeds (Donata) and 28-32% of Trifolium repens seeds (Riesling); the grassland on the back of the mountain is planted, mixed sowing seeds are prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.4-2.6 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9-11% of annual ryegrass binded seeds (Abundant), 28-32% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds (Mathilde), 28-32% of Dabanba dactylophora seeds (Amba), and 28-32% of Trifolium repens super-marine seeds (super Haifa); .

Wherein, the trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation coating before sowing, and the processing procedure is as follows: dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in warm water to prepare a colloidal solution, cooling to room temperature, pouring rhizobia into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring, pouring trifoliate repens seeds into the colloidal solution, uniformly stirring to enable each seed to be fully adhered with the rhizobia, then pouring calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer into the colloidal solution, uniformly coating a layer of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on each seed fully adhered with the rhizobia, and drying in the shade and in a ventilated place;

(3) sowing, covering soil and compacting: simultaneously sowing the four mixed-sowing grass seeds or sowing the four seeds in sequence, wherein the sowing sequence of the four seeds is selected randomly; covering seeds with thin soil after sowing and treading to be solid;

(4) seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, when annual ryegrass has 3 true leaves, first thinning is carried out by combining specified density and plant spacing, and final thinning, namely thinning is not later than 6 leaves of white clover; timely reseeding is carried out on the places with the seedling shortage rate exceeding 10%;

(5) pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut.

Annual ryegrass has fast seedling emergence and growth, can quickly form a lawn to cover the ground surface, reduce water evaporation and shade weed growth. Perennial ryegrass has strong tillering capacity, high growth speed, quick covering and forming, can produce fresh grass in early winter and early spring, can reach the most prosperous period after beginning to spring, is difficult to invade weeds, has high nutritive value and better palatability, and is favored by livestock. The orchard grass has strong adaptability, low requirements on physical and chemical properties of soil, barren resistance, waterlogging resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high yield, high nutritional value, strong disease resistance, easy cultivation and easy management, and can effectively adjust the biological yield dynamic balance of the artificial grassland. The danta in dactulis glomerata belongs to late-maturing varieties, and Anba is also a late-maturing variety, but has good yin resistance. The white clover is mown leguminous pasture with strong heat resistance and cold resistance, and is an indispensable protein source for nutrition balance of artificial grassland communities. The rivastigmine in the white three leaves has the advantages of early growth recovery in spring, fast regeneration, good durability, strong growth vigor, high protein content and the like, and the super marine hair has the advantages of good durability, drought resistance, shade resistance, strong adaptability, good durability and trampling resistance and the like.

The invention carries out long-term monitoring and analysis on geographical and climatic conditions of a alpine mountain area with the altitude of 2000-2500 m in the southeast of Yunnan province, scientifically and reasonably combines and mixedly sows annual ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, dactulis glomerata and trifolium repens which have different biological characteristics and botanical characteristics and are complementary but not antagonistic according to the gradient, illumination and soil conditions of a built planting land, selects a mountain area with the gradient of 10-25 degrees, creates conditions suitable for mixed crossing growth of pasture, realizes the advantage complementation of various pastures, enables an artificial grassland community to effectively resist the severe conditions of winter dampness and summer dry heat and less rain in the alpine mountain area, successfully plants a cold evergreen and high-quality luxuriant mowing artificial grassland in the alpine and cold barren area, has fast lawn forming speed, high pasture yield and high vegetation coverage rate, provides abundant grassland for local farmers, and basically balanced forage grass supply, has strong capability of resisting abnormal weather conditions and plant diseases and insect pests. Meanwhile, the ecology is restored, and very remarkable planting and ecological restoration effects are achieved. Solves the technical problems of high grass planting cost, low survival rate and poor ecological restoration effect in the same area for years.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for planting pasture in mountainous regions with a slope of 10-25 degrees in a high-cold mountainous area, wherein pasture is planted on the sunny side and the shady side of the mountainous region with the slope of 10-25 degrees in the southeast of Yunnan province of China with an altitude of 2000-2500 m, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

(2) preparing for seeding: the grassland on the sunny side of the mountainous region is planted with mixed sowing seeds prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: annual ryegrass binded seed (Abundant) 10%, perennial ryegrass binded seed (Mathilde) 30%, dactyla glomerata seed (Donata) 30%, trifolium repens seed (rieslling) 30%; and (3) preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu by establishing grasslands on the back and the shade sides of the mountainous regions, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: annual ryegrass binded seed (Abundant) 10%, perennial ryegrass binded seed (Mathilde) 30%, dacon seed 30% (Amba), Trifolium repens super marine seed (super Haifa) 30%;

(3) sowing, covering soil and compacting: sowing the prepared four mixed-sowing grass seeds on the sunny side and the shady side of the mountainous region respectively; after sowing, a seeder covers the seeds with thin soil and treads the seeds tightly;

(5) pasture utilization: grazing the pasture when the height of the pasture layer exceeds 5 cm; when the forage grass is excessive, the forage grass is cut and then aired into green hay or made into silage, and the height of the stubble is 5 cm when the forage grass is cut. Nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and the like can be applied properly according to the grassland condition.

The annual ryegrass bunde, perennial ryegrass maidi, dactylodia canadensis and anba, triloba leisiq and super marine seeds described in the invention are all commercially available or can be bred by themselves.

Example 2

(2) preparing for seeding: the grassland on the sunny side of the mountainous region is planted with mixed sowing seeds prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.4 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 32% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds, 28% of Dainata duuca seeds and 31% of Leersia alba seeds; and (3) preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.4 kg/mu by establishing grasslands on the back and the shade sides of the mountainous regions, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 11% of annual ryegrass seeds, 28% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 32% of cocklebur seeds and 29% of trifolium repens super-marine seeds. Wherein, the trifolium repens seeds are subjected to rhizobium inoculation coating treatment before sowing;

(3) sowing, covering soil and compacting: sowing the prepared four grass seeds in sequence on the sunny side and the shady side of the mountainous region respectively, wherein the sowing sequence of the four grass seeds is selected randomly; after sowing, a seeder covers the seeds with thin soil and treads the seeds tightly;

Example 3

The other method steps are the same as the example 2, but the seeding preparation of the step (2) is slightly different, and specifically comprises the following steps: the grassland on the sunny side of the mountainous region is planted with mixed sowing seeds prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.6 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 11% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 28% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds, 32% of Dainata duuca seeds and 29% of Leersia alba seeds; and (3) preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.6 kg/mu by establishing grasslands on the back and the shade sides of the mountainous regions, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 11% of annual ryegrass seeds, 28% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 29% of cockroaches, and 32% of Trifolium repens super-marine seeds. The trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation and coating before sowing.

Example 4

The other method steps are the same as the example 1, but the seeding preparation of the step (2) is slightly different, and specifically comprises the following steps: the grassland on the sunny side of the mountainous region is planted with mixed sowing seeds prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 10% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 30% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds, 28% of Dainata duuca seeds and 32% of Leersia alba seeds; and (3) preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu by establishing grasslands on the back and the shade sides of the mountainous regions, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 10% of annual ryegrass seeds, 30% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 28% of cockroaches, and 32% of Trifolium repens super-marine seeds. The trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation and coating before sowing.

Example 5

The other method steps are the same as the example 1, but the seeding preparation of the step (2) is slightly different, and specifically comprises the following steps: the grassland on the sunny side of the mountainous region is planted with mixed sowing seeds prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.6 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 31% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds, 32% of Dainata glomerata seeds and 28% of Leersia trilobata seeds; and (3) preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.5 kg/mu by establishing grasslands on the back and the shade sides of the mountainous regions, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 10% of annual ryegrass seeds, 30% of perennial ryegrass seeds, 32% of cocklebur seeds and 28% of Trifolium repens super-marine seeds. The trifolium repens seeds are processed by rhizobium inoculation and coating before sowing.

Claims

1. A mountain pasture planting method with a slope of 10-25 degrees in a alpine mountain area is characterized in that pasture planting is carried out on both sides of the Dangyang area and the shady area of the mountain area with the slope of 10-25 degrees in the southeast of Yunnan province of China at an altitude of 2000-2500 m, and the specific method is as follows:

(2) preparing for seeding: the method comprises the following steps of (1) planting grasslands on sunny sides of mountainous regions, preparing mixed sowing seeds according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.4-2.6 kg/mu, wherein the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9-11% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 28-32% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds, 28-32% of Darata dactyla, and 28-32% of Trifolium pratense seeds; the grassland on the back of the mountain is planted, mixed sowing seeds are prepared according to the seed sowing quantity of 2.4-2.6 kg/mu, and the mixed sowing ratio of the mixed sowing seeds is as follows: 9-11% of annual ryegrass binded seeds, 28-32% of perennial ryegrass binded seeds, 28-32% of cockroaches, and 28-32% of Trifolium repens super-marine seeds;