CN109042096A - A kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland and the implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland - Google Patents
A kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland and the implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042096A CN109042096A CN201810845904.2A CN201810845904A CN109042096A CN 109042096 A CN109042096 A CN 109042096A CN 201810845904 A CN201810845904 A CN 201810845904A CN 109042096 A CN109042096 A CN 109042096A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland and the implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, are related to agricultural technology field.The planting and establishing method includes: pre-sowing treatment: water after ploughing soil, stimulate it is annual based on weed germination growth after go to cut weeds；Sowing: being sowed after mid or late June to mid or late July arranges soil, and the application rate of naked seed is 0.9-1.3kg/ mus；Post-broadcast management: after planting the same day waters, and ground moistening depth is 5-10cm after watering every time；Field management: the long depth of wetted soil to watering before 15-20cm of Alfalfa is 10-20cm, and the depth of wetted soil to water later is 20-30cm.The implantation methods include the planting and establishing method of above-mentioned establishment of alfalfa grassland, and the Alfalfa healthy growth after capable of guaranteeing planting, weeds rate is low and Weed infestation is low, saves water simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology fields, and the planting and establishing method of in particular to a kind of establishment of alfalfa grassland and clover are artificial
The implantation methods on meadow.
Background technique
Clover is pulse family clover category herbaceos perennial, and the cultivation history of clover is very long, distribution area is very wide
It is general, it is plant protein resource indispensable in Animal husbandry production.The grass yield of clover is high and nutritive value is high, patience also compared with
It is good.
But clover is highly susceptible to the harm of weeds, especially planting initial stage, especially grass tree during the growth process
Section or broadleaf weeds, this not only results in the underproduction of clover, and quality reduces, and can also expend a large amount of manpower and material resources.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of planting and establishing methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, it is intended to reduce Alfalfa growth by
Weed infestation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, be conducive to cultivate weeds rate
The alfalfa grasslands of low healthy growth.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to realize.
The invention proposes a kind of planting and establishing methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, include the following steps:
Pre-sowing treatment: watering after ploughing soil, goes to cut weeds after weed germination growth；
Sowing: after mid or late June to mid or late July arranges soil, the sowing work of alfalfa seed is carried out, naked seed is broadcast
Kind amount is 0.9-1.3kg/ mus, depth of planting 1-2cm, and sowing line-spacing is 18-25cm；
Post-broadcast management: after planting the same day waters, every time ground moistening depth 5-10cm after watering；
Field management: being the first management period before Alfalfa length to 15-20cm, length to 10-20cm is later the second pipe
The period is managed, is 15-20cm in the depth of wetted soil of the first management period watering, in the ground moistening depth of the second management period watering
For 20-30cm；
First batch of application compound fertilizer of Alfalfa, rear several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer.
The present invention also proposes a kind of implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, the planting side including above-mentioned establishment of alfalfa grassland
Method.
The beneficial effect that the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland is: it is by ploughing soil
Watering enables weeds fast-germination afterwards, then goes to cut weeds；Sowing, which is carried out, in late summer reduces Weed infestation, application rate, sowing
The control of depth and sowing line-spacing is conducive to improve clover Herbage harvest, after planting waters immediately, ensure that soil moisture content has
It is colonized conducive to clover and prevents clover from being buried by sand；A small amount of multiple watering strategy is taken in Alfalfa growth early period, Later growth into
The watering strategy that row volume is few time, Alfalfa are more batches of harvestings, several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and leaf behind first batch of application compound fertilizer
Leaven.Using the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland provided by the invention, Alfalfa healthy growth after planting can be made, and it is miscellaneous
Careless low, 10-30% lower than conventional method, quality is good and saves water 10-20%.
The present invention also provides a kind of implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland comprising the planting of above-mentioned establishment of alfalfa grassland
Method can increase the yield of Alfalfa during the artificial growth of Alfalfa, reduce the consuming of manpower and material resources.
Specific embodiment
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, according to normal conditions or manufacturer builds
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The plantation side of planting and establishing method to establishment of alfalfa grassland provided in an embodiment of the present invention and establishment of alfalfa grassland below
Method is specifically described.
A kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprising following steps:
S1, pre-sowing treatment
In order to reduce erosion of the Alfalfa by weeds, the work in every cut weeds will be carried out prior to seeding.It ploughs
It waters behind soil, goes to cut weeds after keeping the preferable soil moisture content of soil, stimulation weed germination to grow.Specifically, use of cutting weeds is gone
The mode on machinery rotation ground, goes to cut weeds, can effectively reduce the harm and weed control for broadcasting rear weeds using the method for physics
Cost, and then reduce using land pollution caused by herbicide.
It preferably, further include that seed is subjected to rhizobium seed dressing during pre-sowing treatment, as the sowing time has little time to take
The method for after planting playing closure herbicide can be used to achieve the purpose that control weeds in physical weed control.Weeds closure weeding
Agent can effectively can inhibit sprouting for gramineae weed, small-sized seed and part broadleaf weeds seed using reagents such as trefanocide
Hair.
S2, sowing
Inventors have found that the sowing work for carrying out alfalfa seed is after mid or late June to mid or late July arranges soil
Preferably.It selects that the harm of weeds can be effectively reduced in this section of time sowing, and Alfalfa can be made to pass the winter safely.It is right before sowing
After soil is arranged, the successful probability of clover planting can be effectively improved and reduce subsequent management cost.
Specifically, the arrangement soil in seeding process includes: to increase the upper soll layer degree of packing, and soil is made to push 0.8-
1.5cm；Keep soil moisture content and flatness.Keep soil density that can increase in this way in such a way that people walks compacting
Add contact and soil moisture conservation of the alfalfa seed with soil.Keep soil moisture content that can not only guarantee the germination and emergence of clover, it can also be effective
The reduction soil moisture, can effectively reduce clover emergence after death of seedling risk, it is possible to reduce 10-20%.Keep soil
Flatness refers to holding prepartion of land as far as possible, to guarantee that subsequent mechanical harvest operating efficiency and liquid manure consistency provide guarantor
Barrier.
Seeding process can use capsuled seed, and application rate is 1.2-1.5kg/ mus.When generally using naked seed sowing, naked seed
Application rate be 0.9-1.3kg/ mu, it is appropriate increase application rate can effectively improve sowing for the year and second year clover Herbage harvest (by
Herbage income is much smaller than in seed expense), but no more than 1.3kg/ mus (naked seeds)；Third year, clover disappeared seedling, and maintained one
Fixed level.
Some parameters in seeding process are controlled, so that the healthy growth of later period clover.Depth of planting is 1-
2cm, sowing line-spacing is 18-25cm, by the way of the shallow earthing of deep ditching, helps to maintain soil moisture content, improves clover and survives
Rate, and facilitate winter clover rootstock earthing (slowly flattening by watering and mechanical work, furrow), make rootstock from freeze injury
And arid, and then improve clover wintering rate.
S3, post-broadcast management
After planting the same day waters, and depth of wetted soil is 5-10cm, soil moisture content 20-30% after watering.It is answered after broadcasting
It waters immediately, watering mode is quickly watering, not only guarantees soil moisture content, but also be conducive to clover field planting and prevent clover from being buried by sand.
After clover emergence, view weeds situation carries out weeding measure, after clover grow to after 10-30cm according to weeds situation,
Weeds are handled using imazethapyr.
S4, field management
Irrigation amount needs are distinguished according to the different growth phase of clover, are first before Alfalfa length to 15-20cm
The period is managed, length to 15-20cm was later the second management period.It is 10-20cm in the depth of wetted soil of the first management period watering,
It is 20-30cm in the depth of wetted soil of the second management period watering.It is in seedling stage in the first management period, a small amount of watering is because of lucerne
Mu seedling stage water requirement is few, and entering after the second management period can promote underground root system to soil depth by volume few time watering
Place's growth, growth is healthier and can preferably utilize deep subsoil time moisture.
In field management process, the watering stage of clover is divided into period of seedling establishment, branching stage and pregnant flower bud phase, period of seedling establishment, branch
The irrigation amount of phase and pregnant flower bud phase gradually increases, this is also to be regulated and controled according to the water requirement of plant.Specific irrigation amount also needs
Control, especially irrigation times are carried out according to local land occupation condition, to be determined according to concrete condition.But Mei Gejie
The irrigation amount of section can be controlled substantially, be 5-10cm in the depth of wetted soil of period of seedling establishment watering, the water content of soil is 10-
15%, the depth of wetted soil of branching stage watering is 20-40cm, soil moisture content 20-30%.
Cold spell in later spring is prevented in order to improve, promote the overwintering of plant and is turned green, the irrigation amount of this some period needs to carry out
Control.The depth of wetted soil that Alfalfa last time harvesting water to frost period is 20-30cm, and water take it is less and less
Strategy, first watering make clover restoration ecosystem, and for storage nutriment in case passing the winter, the later period stops watering to promote plant dormancy.Not
The depth of wetted soil that overwintering water is poured after dormancy is 70-80cm, and soil moisture content 20-30% stops, and starts to pour surface after freezing freeze-up
Water allows surface to freeze as far as possible.The wetting depth that rudiment starts to pour melt water of turning green after sprouting is 5-8cm.
It should be noted that in order to improve it is overwintering, turn green and prevent cold spell in later spring, overwintering water should be filled with enough and melt water of turning green,
The influence overwintering on clover of the irrigation volume and irrigation time of overwintering water is very significant, and the overwintering water irrigation time of last time the late more has
Help overwintering；End should control irrigation amount in the fall, and to control clover aerial, nutrient is shifted to underground, guarantee enough get over
The storage of winter nutriment.
In order to achieve the purpose that rationally to save, it is also required to carry out control in terms of fertilising, first batch of Alfalfa applies multiple
Hefei, rear several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer.In general, first batch of clover be grown to it is first slow after fast rule, and second
Three batches are growth rhythm first quick and back slow, and the summit of growth phase speed of growth was more than 3cm/ days.
Specifically, disposably apply annual base manure before early spring turns green, base manure mainly includes phosphate fertilizer, and the later period carries out multiple water
Fertile Integrated fertilizer application applies fertilizer while watering, first batch of application compound fertilizer, rear several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer.
You need to add is that fertilising aspect also needs further to be regulated and controled according to local situation, such as sandy grassland
Whole scarce phosphorus, it should increase the dose of phosphate fertilizer, in order to guarantee to gather in number and it is overwintering answer more potassium applications, because of clover itself and root
Tumor bacterium symbiosis possesses nitrogen fixing capacity, so amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced；The dose of sulphur should be increased on sandy loam, to guarantee clover
Normal growth；The alfalfa grasslands content of organic matter can be improved simultaneously and apply effective mushroom fertilizer, improve soil nutrient elements
Service efficiency, and then reduce fertilising cost.
In addition, the prevention and treatment about pest and disease damage can pay attention to the following aspects: (1) selecting disease and insect resistance kind, especially
The alfalfa variety of anti-root rot and aphids resistance.(2) when sowing, while carrying out rhizobium seed dressing to clover, increase some chemistry
Chemicals treatment, to reduce some pest and disease damage harm.(3) effective crop rotation can reduce the pest and disease damage harm in clover field.(4) for
Harm seriously with explosive strong pest and disease damage, such as clover aphid, clover noctuid, alfalfa grasslands snout moth's larva pest and disease damage, can carry out chemistry
Chemical control.Effective cypermethrin, chlopyrifos can effectively kill off clover noctuid loxostege sticticalis larva, and jervine can effectively kill off aphid
Worm.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, including above-mentioned establishment of alfalfa grassland
Planting and establishing method and harvesting method.Harvesting method is by the way of three batches of harvestings, by the end of May to first batch of harvest, first arrival 7 in July at the beginning of 6 months
The moon, early and middle ten days harvested second batch, and mid or late August harvests third stubble.First batch and second batch of the height for the stubble left is 3-5cm, third stubble
The height for the stubble left be 8-10cm.
It should be noted that last stubble harvest is unsuitable too late, if third stubble harvest is later, overwintering wind can be obviously increased
Danger, sowing current year should not be harvested；Planting the clover coming year later and that growth is weak answers appropriate evening to cut, to restore the life of root system
It is long, it is ensured that the duration of later use.
Feature and performance of the invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of planting and establishing methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland comprising following steps:
Firstly, watering carries out mechanical rotation ground after ploughing soil after keeping the preferable soil moisture content of soil, stimulation weed germination to grow
It goes to cut weeds.
Secondly, carrying out the sowing work of alfalfa seed, the application rate of naked seed is after mid or late June arranges soil
0.9kg/ mus, depth of planting is 1cm or so, and sowing line-spacing is 18cm or so.Wherein, the process for arranging soil includes increasing soil
The degree of packing on surface layer makes soil push 1cm or so, it is also necessary to keep soil moisture content and land smoothing degree.After planting the same day is poured
Water, depth of wetted soil is about 5cm after watering every time, is watered again after to be dried.
Secondly, Alfalfa is long to before 15cm or so, watered by the way of multiple on a small quantity, the depth of wetted soil of watering is about
10cm；Alfalfa is long to after 15cm or so, waters by the way of this using volume is few, the depth of wetted soil of watering is about 20cm.Together
When managed according to the different times of alfalfa growing, period of seedling establishment watering depth of wetted soil be about 5cm, branching stage water
Depth of wetted soil be about 20cm.It include that Alfalfa gathers in the depth of wetted soil to water to frost period in overwintering preceding watering control
For 20cm or so, the depth of wetted soil that overwintering water is poured after suspend mode is about 70cm, and twig starts to pour the wet of melt water of turning green after sprouting
Depth is about 5cm.
Finally, plantation current year, without harvest, second year starts point three batches of harvests after plantation.First batch in Alfalfa is applied
Add compound fertilizer, behind several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer.Disposably apply annual base manure before early spring turns green, base manure mainly wraps
Phosphate fertilizer is included, the later period carries out multiple water-fertilizer integral fertilising.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of planting and establishing methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland comprising following steps:
Firstly, watering carries out mechanical rotation ground after ploughing soil after keeping the preferable soil moisture content of soil, stimulation weed germination to grow
It goes to cut weeds.
Secondly, carrying out the sowing work of alfalfa seed, the application rate of naked seed is after mid or late July arranges soil
1.3kg/ mus, depth of planting is 2cm or so, and sowing line-spacing is 25cm or so.Wherein, the process for arranging soil includes increasing soil
The degree of packing on surface layer makes soil push 1cm or so, it is also necessary to keep soil moisture content and land smoothing degree.After planting the same day is poured
Water, depth of wetted soil is about 10cm after watering every time, is watered again after soil layer dry tack free.
Secondly, Alfalfa is long to before 20cm or so, watered by the way of multiple on a small quantity, the depth of wetted soil of watering is about
20cm；Alfalfa is long to after 20cm or so, waters by the way of this using volume is few, the depth of wetted soil of watering is about 30cm.Together
When managed according to the different times of alfalfa growing, period of seedling establishment watering depth of wetted soil be about 10cm, poured in branching stage
The depth of wetted soil of water is about 40cm.It include that Alfalfa gathers in the wet depth watered to frost period in overwintering preceding watering control
Degree is 30cm or so, and the depth of wetted soil that overwintering water is poured after suspend mode is about 80cm, and rudiment starts to pour the wet of melt water of turning green after sprouting
Moistening depth is about 8cm.
Finally, plantation current year, without harvest, second year starts point three batches of harvests after plantation.First batch in Alfalfa is applied
Add compound fertilizer, behind several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer.Disposably apply annual base manure before early spring turns green, base manure mainly wraps
Phosphate fertilizer is included, the later period carries out multiple water-fertilizer integral fertilising.
Test example 1
Weeds rate in part of in August, 2015, testing example 1-2 during alfalfa growing, test method: the ground of plantation
Block area is respectively 1500 mu, according to sample averagely 30 5 square metres of sample block is selected to measure, the strain that record weeds occur
Several and type.Check plot is the measure taken according to general planting, is planted immediately after mid-June site preparation, without object before planting
Reason method removes weeds, carries out the harvesting processing of toothing 10cm by the end of September.The measuring and calculating of wintering rate is that 30 1 meter is chosen after turning green
Sample section is observed, and the clover not turned green and the clover strain number turned green are recorded.
The results show that weeds rate is respectively as follows: 5%, 8% in embodiment 1-2；Wintering rate is respectively 95%, 90%.It is general and
Speech uses existing planting and establishing method weeds rate for 30%, wintering rate 40%.
As it can be seen that using establishment of alfalfa grassland provided in an embodiment of the present invention planting and establishing method can planting impurity removal carelessness it is low,
The very good alfalfa grasslands of upgrowth situation, are suitable for promoting and applying.
In conclusion the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland provided by the invention, by plough watering behind soil make it is miscellaneous
Grass can fast-germination, then go to cut weeds；Sowing, which is carried out, in late summer reduces Weed infestation, application rate, depth of planting and sowing
The control of line-spacing is conducive to improve clover Herbage harvest, after planting waters immediately, and it is fixed to ensure that soil moisture content is conducive to clover
It plants and prevents clover from being buried by sand；Alfalfa growth carries out a small amount of multiple watering early period, and Later growth progress volume is few secondary to be poured
Water, Alfalfa are more batches of harvestings, several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer behind first batch of application compound fertilizer.It is provided using the present invention
Establishment of alfalfa grassland planting and establishing method, the Alfalfa healthy growth after planting can be made, and weeds rate is low.
The present invention also provides a kind of implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland comprising the planting of above-mentioned establishment of alfalfa grassland
Method can increase the yield of Alfalfa during the artificial growth of Alfalfa, reduce the consuming of manpower and material resources.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland, which comprises the steps of:
Pre-sowing treatment: watering after ploughing soil, and stimulation weed germination goes to cut weeds after growing；
Sowing: after mid or late June to mid or late July arranges soil, the sowing work of alfalfa seed, the application rate of naked seed are carried out
It is 0.9-1.3kg/ mus, depth of planting 1-2cm, sowing line-spacing is 18-25cm；
Post-broadcast management: after planting watering, and ground moistening depth is 5-10cm after watering every time；
Field management: being the first management period before Alfalfa length to 15-20cm, manage the period after length to 15-20cm for second,
The depth of wetted soil of the first management period watering is 10-20cm, is 20- in the depth of wetted soil of the second management period watering
30cm；
First batch of early stage of Alfalfa applies compound fertilizer, rear several batches of application Water soluble fertilizers and foliar fertilizer.
2. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the pre-sowing treatment process
In, remove the physical method cut weeds using mechanical rotation ground；
It preferably, further include that seed is subjected to rhizobium seed dressing during the pre-sowing treatment.
3. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seeding process it
Before, sow annual thicket type gramineous pasture, it is preferable that the gramineous pasture is oat.
4. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the seeding process
Arranging soil includes:
Increase the upper soll layer degree of packing, soil is made to push 0.8-1.5cm；
Keep soil moisture content and flatness.
5. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that long to 10-30cm to clover
Afterwards according to weeds situation, weeds are handled using imazethapyr.
6. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the field management process
In, the watering stage of clover is divided into period of seedling establishment, branching stage and pregnant flower bud phase, the period of seedling establishment, the branching stage and the pregnant flower bud phase
Irrigation amount gradually increase.
7. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in period of seedling establishment watering
Ground moistening depth is 5-10cm, and the depth of wetted soil of the branching stage watering is 20-40cm.
8. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when Alfalfa is gathered in frost
The ground moistening depth of phase watering is 20-30cm, and the ground moistening depth that overwintering water is poured after suspend mode is 70-80cm, and sprouting starts
The depth of wetted soil that melt water of turning green is poured after sprouting is 5-8cm.
9. the planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that disposable before early spring turns green
Apply annual base manure, the base manure includes phosphate fertilizer, and the later period carries out multiple Water soluble fertilizer water-fertilizer integral fertilising.
10. a kind of implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland, which is characterized in that including lucerne of any of claims 1-9
The planting and establishing method of Mu artificial pasture.
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Application publication date: 20181221 |