CN107047020A - A kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology - Google Patents
A kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047020A CN107047020A CN201710288186.9A CN201710288186A CN107047020A CN 107047020 A CN107047020 A CN 107047020A CN 201710288186 A CN201710288186 A CN 201710288186A CN 107047020 A CN107047020 A CN 107047020A
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- alfalfa
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the soil site preparation before a kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology, including plantation selection land used, plantation, growth stage fertilising, sowing and field management, wherein sowing includes variety selection, seed treatment, sowing time and type of seeding.Alfalfa that the present invention is obtained per per mu yield apparently higher than normal conventional technology clover Herbage harvest, economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of animal husbandry field of planting, particularly a kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology.
Background technology
Alfalfa, belongs to pulse family Alfalfa kind, is to cultivate earliest in the world, the maximum perennial clover grass product of distribution area
Kind.Happiness temperature is cold-resistant, drought-enduring not moisture-proof, happiness neutrality or slightly alkaline soil.Nutritious, protein content is high, have " Alfalfa it
The reputation of king ".Plantation in 1 year can be utilized more than 10 years, be cradled in year 4~5 times, 4000~5000 kilograms of per mu yield fresh grass, be adapted to various families
Fowl searches for food.It blue or green can raise, be the good feed that the animals such as cattle and sheep survive the winter with grass family Alfalfa mixed silage, also can hay curing, tune
Grass meal processed, instead of part fine fodder or is made mixed feed, and green grass or young crops raises anti-cattle and sheep expansion disease, and yield is gradually after using the 4th year for clover
Decline, the seed selection of clover kind is particularly critical.
The content of the invention
For above technical deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high yield clover grass planting skill book, it can plant out
The Alfalfa of high yield.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by such technical scheme；
A kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology, it is characterised in that：Specifically include following steps：
(1) selection of land：Selection height above sea level 500~1000 flatly and releive as Alfalfa planting site, soil texture is good
It is good, organic matter is abundant, soil is deep, saliferous below 0.1%, and draining is good, moisture is sufficient, and P in soil H values are 7.0
~8.0；
(2) site preparation：Require that site preparation reaches requirement according to selection of land, soil is turned over when needing in the fall, applied fertilizer to the subsoil, in the autumn and winter
Need regular replenishment soil moisture season, keep soil moisture content 25%~30%；
(3) growth stage applies fertilizer：General soil, the amount of application of every mu of organic fertilizer is 2~3 tons, plus calcium superphosphate 15~20,000
Gram, 10~15 kilograms of calcium phosphate, then with plant ash spreading in soil surface, plant ash thickness 1cm；
(4) sow：
A variety selections：The excellent North Type clover of plantation carelessly, chooses fresh seed；
B seed treatments：Using fresh clover grass seed, 20 points are continued with 43 DEG C of water immersion clover grass seed of constant temperature
Clock, takes out clover grass seed, places into 9 DEG C of water and soaks 15 minutes, repeats this operation, makes the immersion of seed hot and cold water more than 6
Hour, reduce the hard seed rate of seed according to this；Seed after immersion is placed under sunlight and irradiated three；The clover kind shone is used again
Windmill removes impurity；Finally by clover kind dressing seed, the emulsion of phoxim baythion 50%, by 1.5:500 ratio uniform seed dressing；
The c sowing times：Arrive from late August and carry out autumn sowing by the end of September；
D types of seeding：The type of seeding of clover carelessly has unicast and mixed seeding kind, and small area high-yield feed field can be using single
Broadcast, mixed seeding is used more large area artificial pasture.Unicast and mixed seeding all use drilling, and line-spacing is 50~60cm soils when soil is fertile
Line-spacing can narrow down to 30~40cm when fertility is poor.Wide row is away from can be using double drillings, and narrow row using wall scroll away from can be broadcast.Clover is carelessly
Mixed seeding can be carried out with awnless brome, sheep's hay, halymenia dentata and English ryegrass；
(5) field management:Alfalfa seedling growth is extremely slow, easily by Weed infestation, and tall and big weeds are to Alfalfa
Influence is big, so to carry out a weeding every 20~30 days in the First Year seedling stage of sowing；When farmland running to weeds is extremely serious,
It is appropriate to take chemistry except withering, trefanocide can be used；Find that growth is uneven in seedling stage, solved using thinning and the method filled the gaps with seedlings
Certainly.In addition to breeding resistant variety, extraction diseased plant or the measure preventing and treating of sprinkling carbendazim are taken in early days；Before raw Alfalfa is turned green within 2 years,
8 ㎏ of organic fertilizer/mu；After first batch cradles, the composite fertilizer mixed using urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wherein N
Percentage by weight 7%~8%, P percentage by weight 10%~14%, K percentage by weights 15%~20%, the ㎏ of dose 8/
Mu；After second batch cradles, the percentage by weight 8% of the composite fertilizer mixed using urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wherein N
~10%, P percentage by weight 12~15%, K percentage by weights 15%, 8 ㎏ of dose/mu；Entered before the winter, apply potassium sulfate 4kg/
Mu；The moderately increase by 10~15% of 2 years raw above fertilizer amounts, is irrigated, Soil Water Content 20% after fertilising.
Site preparation and fertilization, step one in the step (2)：Apply the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, every mu of 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer；Step
Rapid two：Quick-acting fertilizer is used sufficient, mu applies 4~6kg of purity nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus 6kg~8kg, available potassium 6kg~8kg.
Plant ash need to be dissolved in 3% salt solution in the step (3), stirred, and plant ash is used with concentrating using being advisable
Row replacement and spread manuer in holes, 8~10 centimetres of depth applies rear earthing.
Step (4) Step Time is considered as the temperature and soil moisture in actual this month, the sowing time August to 9
The end of month temperature should be at 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, and soil moisture is maintained at 60%~72%.
Step (4) variety selection, alfalfa seed Dormancy rating index is scope 1~3, and alfalfa seed is survived the winter index range
1~2.
Step (4) the sowing selection, seed will dry by cleaning, the cleanliness of seed is reached 90%；Can be by before broadcasting
Agricultural chemicals, herbicide, rhizobium and fertilizer configure seed dressing in proportion, and 10 kilograms of kinds match 1 kilogram of rhizobium, 500ml agricultural chemicals, 30ml
Herbicide and 2kg fertilizer.
By above-mentioned steps, the Alfalfa that high yield is drawn than existing conventional method can be drawn, and obtain by this method
Alfalfa disease resistance is strong, and growth is rapid, grows fine.
Other advantages, target and the feature of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.The target and other advantages of the present invention can be wanted by following specification and right
Book is sought to realize and obtain.
Embodiment
Alfalfa plantation step is as follows；
(1) selection of land：Alfalfa happiness temperature is cold-resistant, drought-enduring not moisture-proof, happiness neutrality or slightly alkaline soil, requires not tight to soil,
But obtain high yield, it is necessary to select hypo 500~1000 flatly and releive as Alfalfa planting site, soil texture
Well, organic matter is abundant, soil is deep, saliferous below 0.1%, and draining is good, moisture is sufficient, and P in soil H values exist
7.0~8.0；Plantation plot selects the conceding the land to forestry terraced fields around breeding farm, and draining is good, the suitable visitor of soil or Er Gangjin product
Plant growth.In addition, Alfalfa is cross-pollinatd plant, there should be a number of pollination bee colony around meadow, should particularly have
Trichogramma；
Planting Medicago sativa grass will be with other crop intercroppings, and the good preceding work of Alfalfa is to turn on the hot summer days to cover the wheat class applied, melon
The early-maturing crops such as class and the higher corn of managerial skills, sorghum, various leaf vegetables and occupy the stronger feed of soil erosion and make
Thing, is also the good preceding work of Alfalfa.Alfalfa is good cover crop again, and yield height, economic effect may be selected in its effect
The larger crop of benefit, such as corn and soybean, wheat and oil crops；
(2) site preparation：Require that site preparation reaches requirement according to selection of land, soil is turned over when needing in the fall, is applied fertilizer, and fertilizer is to have
Machine fertilizer, every mu of 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer；Its is secondary to use sufficient quick-acting fertilizer, and general mu applies 4~6kg of purity nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus 6kg with
On, more than available potassium 6kg lacks zinc, manganese and boron these elements for being played an important role to alfalfa growing for some soil, so
Appropriate micro- fertilizer should be added in base fertilizer.Need regular replenishment soil moisture in autumn and winter, keep soil moisture content 25%~
30%.
(3) growth stage applies fertilizer：General soil, the amount of application of every mu of organic fertilizer is 2~3 tons, plus calcium superphosphate 15~20,000
Gram, 10~15 kilograms of calcium phosphate, then with plant ash spreading in soil surface, plant ash thickness 1cm, plant ash need to be dissolved in 3% salt
In water, stir, plant ash using row replacement and is spreaded manuer in holes with concentrating using being advisable, and 8~10 centimetres of depth applies rear earthing.
(4) sow：
A variety selections：The excellent North Type clover of plantation carelessly, chooses fresh seed, alfalfa seed Dormancy rating index
For scope 1~3, alfalfa seed is survived the winter index range 1~2.
B seed treatments：Using fresh clover grass seed, 20 points are continued with 43 DEG C of water immersion clover grass seed of constant temperature
Clock, takes out clover grass seed, places into 9 DEG C of water and soaks 15 minutes, repeats this operation, makes the immersion of seed hot and cold water more than 6
Hour, reduce the hard seed rate of seed according to this；Seed will dry by cleaning, the cleanliness of seed is reached 90%；Can be by agriculture before broadcasting
Medicine, herbicide, rhizobium and fertilizer configure seed dressing in proportion, and 10 kilograms of kinds match 1 kilogram of rhizobium, 500ml agricultural chemicals, 30ml and removed
Careless agent and 2kg fertilizer；Seed after immersion is placed under sunlight and irradiated three；The clover kind windmill shone is removed again miscellaneous
Matter；Novel species is last by clover kind dressing seed, the emulsion of phoxim baythion 50%, by 1.5:500 ratio uniform seed dressing；
The c sowing times：Arrive from late August and carry out autumn sowing by the end of September, the time is considered as the temperature and soil moisture in actual this month,
The sowing time August should be at 25 DEG C~32 DEG C to temperature by the end of September, and soil moisture is maintained at 60%~72%.
D types of seeding：The type of seeding of clover carelessly has unicast and mixed seeding kind, and small area high-yield feed field can be using single
Broadcast, mixed seeding is used more large area artificial pasture.Unicast and mixed seeding all use drilling, and line-spacing is 50~60cm soils when soil is fertile
Line-spacing can narrow down to 30~40cm when fertility is poor.Wide row is away from can be using double drillings, and narrow row using wall scroll away from can be broadcast.Clover is carelessly
Mixed seeding can be carried out with awnless brome, sheep's hay, halymenia dentata and English ryegrass；
(5) field management:Alfalfa seedling growth is extremely slow, easily by Weed infestation, and tall and big weeds are to Alfalfa
Influence is big, so to carry out a weeding every 20~30 days in the First Year seedling stage of sowing；When farmland running to weeds is extremely serious,
It is appropriate to take chemistry except withering, trefanocide can be used；Find that growth is uneven in seedling stage, solved using thinning and the method filled the gaps with seedlings
Certainly.In addition to breeding resistant variety, extraction diseased plant or the measure preventing and treating of sprinkling carbendazim are taken in early days；Before raw Alfalfa is turned green within 2 years,
8 ㎏ of organic fertilizer/mu；After first batch cradles, the composite fertilizer mixed using urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wherein N
Percentage by weight 7%~8%, P percentage by weight 10%~14%, K percentage by weights 15%~20%, the ㎏ of dose 8/
Mu；After second batch cradles, the percentage by weight 8% of the composite fertilizer mixed using urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wherein N
~10%, P percentage by weight 12~15%, K percentage by weights 15%, 8 ㎏ of dose/mu；Entered before the winter, apply potassium sulfate 4kg/
Mu；The moderately increase by 10~15% of 2 years raw above fertilizer amounts, is irrigated, Soil Water Content 20% after fertilising.
Compared with the prior art, the Alfalfa disease resistance obtained by the technology of the present invention is strong, and growth is rapid, growing way by the present invention
Well, it can be achieved to plant for 1 year, the economic benefit of many annual earnings improves the output value.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of the technical program, it all should cover in the present invention
Right among.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology, it is characterised in that：Specifically include following steps：
(1) selection of land：Selection height above sea level 500~1000 flatly and releive as Alfalfa planting site, soil texture is good, has
Machine matter is abundant, soil is deep, saliferous below 0.1%, and draining is good, moisture is sufficient, and P in soil H values are 7.0~8.0；
(2) site preparation：Require that site preparation reaches requirement according to selection of land, soil is turned over when needing in the fall, applied fertilizer to the subsoil, and is needed in autumn and winter
Regular replenishment soil moisture, keeps soil moisture content 25%~30%；
(3) growth stage applies fertilizer：General soil, the amount of application of every mu of organic fertilizer is 2~3 tons, plus 15~20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, phosphorus
Sour 10~15 kilograms of calcium, then with plant ash spreading in soil surface, plant ash thickness 1cm；
(4) sow：
A variety selections：The excellent North Type clover of plantation carelessly, chooses fresh seed；
B seed treatments：Using fresh clover grass seed, continue 20 minutes with 43 DEG C of water immersion clover grass seed of constant temperature, take
Go out clover grass seed, place into 9 DEG C of water and soak 15 minutes, repeat this operation, make the immersion of seed hot and cold water more than 6 hours,
Reduce the hard seed rate of seed according to this；Seed after immersion is placed under sunlight and irradiated three；Again by the clover kind windmill shone
Remove impurity；Finally by clover kind dressing seed, the emulsion of phoxim baythion 50%, by 1.5:500 ratio uniform seed dressing；
The c sowing times：Arrive from late August and carry out autumn sowing by the end of September；
D types of seeding：The type of seeding of clover carelessly has unicast and mixed seeding kind, and small area high-yield feed field can use unicast, greatly
Mixed seeding being used area artificial pasture more.Unicast and mixed seeding all use drilling, and line-spacing is 50~60cm land fertilities when soil is fertile
Line-spacing can narrow down to 30~40cm when poor.Wide row is away from can be using double drillings, and narrow row using wall scroll away from can be broadcast.Clover carelessly can be with
Awnless brome, sheep's hay, halymenia dentata and English ryegrass carry out mixed seeding；
(5) field management:Alfalfa seedling growth is extremely slow, easily by Weed infestation, and tall and big weeds influence on Alfalfa
Greatly, so to carry out a weeding every 20~30 days in the First Year seedling stage of sowing；When farmland running to weeds is extremely serious, suitably
Take chemistry except withering, trefanocide can be used；Find that growth is uneven in seedling stage, solved using thinning and the method filled the gaps with seedlings.Remove
Outside breeding resistant variety, extraction diseased plant or the measure preventing and treating of sprinkling carbendazim are taken in early days；Before raw Alfalfa is turned green within 2 years, Shi You
Machine fertilizer 8 ㎏/mu；After first batch cradles, the weight of the composite fertilizer mixed using urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wherein N
Percentage 7%~8%, P percentage by weight 10%~14%, K percentage by weights 15%~20%, 8 ㎏ of dose/mu；The
After regrowth hair cradles, the percentage by weight 8% of the composite fertilizer mixed using urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, wherein N~
10%th, P percentage by weight 12~15%, K percentage by weights 15%, 8 ㎏ of dose/mu；Entered before the winter, apply potassium sulfate 4kg/
Mu；The moderately increase by 10~15% of 2 years raw above fertilizer amounts, is irrigated, Soil Water Content 20% after fertilising.
2. high yield Alfalfa planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Site preparation and fertilization in the step (2),
Step one：Apply the organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, every mu of 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer；Step 2：Quick-acting fertilizer is used sufficient, mu applies purity nitrogen
4~6kg, rapid available phosphorus 6kg~8kg, available potassium 6kg~8kg.
3. high yield Alfalfa planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Plant ash is needed in the step (3)
It is dissolved in 3% salt solution, stirs, plant ash using row replacement and is spreaded manuer in holes with concentrating using being advisable, 8~10 centimetres of depth,
Apply rear earthing.
4. high yield Alfalfa planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) Step Time should
Consider actual of that month temperature and soil moisture, the sowing time August to temperature by the end of September should 25 DEG C~32 DEG C, soil
Humidity is maintained at 60%~72%.
5. high yield Alfalfa planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) variety selection, lucerne
Mu seed Dormancy rating index is scope 1~3, and alfalfa seed is survived the winter index range 1~2.
6. high yield Alfalfa planting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) the sowing selection, is planted
Son will dry by cleaning, the cleanliness of seed is reached 90%；Can be by agricultural chemicals, herbicide, rhizobium and fertilizer in proportion before broadcasting
Configuration seed dressing, 10 kilograms of kinds match 1 kilogram of rhizobium, 500ml agricultural chemicals, 30ml herbicides and 2kg fertilizer.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108076841A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-29 | 刘辉 | A kind of method of rapidly and efficiently harvesting Leymus chinensis seeds |
| CN108077007A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear area clover high yield light regulation and control implantation methods |
| CN109042096A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland and the implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland |
| CN109042100A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-21 | 中储草生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A method of the time limit can be utilized by extending Alfalfa |
| CN109076890A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-25 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral whole year for grass |
| CN109089747A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-28 | 中储草生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A method of improving Alfalfa nutritional quality |
| CN109122061A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-04 | 中储草生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of green prevention and control method of Alfalfa head blight |
| CN109496756A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude |
| CN110214640A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-10 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of cultural method of arid-desert area grazing hybrid sowing |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108076841A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-29 | 刘辉 | A kind of method of rapidly and efficiently harvesting Leymus chinensis seeds |
| CN108077007A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear area clover high yield light regulation and control implantation methods |
| CN108077007B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2020-11-10 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | High-yield light-control planting method for alfalfa in high-latitude cold region |
| CN109076890A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-25 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral whole year for grass |
| CN109042096A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of planting and establishing method of establishment of alfalfa grassland and the implantation methods of establishment of alfalfa grassland |
| CN109042100A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-21 | 中储草生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A method of the time limit can be utilized by extending Alfalfa |
| CN109089747A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-28 | 中储草生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A method of improving Alfalfa nutritional quality |
| CN109122061A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-04 | 中储草生态农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of green prevention and control method of Alfalfa head blight |
| CN109496756A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude |
| CN110214640A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-10 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of cultural method of arid-desert area grazing hybrid sowing |
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Application publication date: 20170818 |