CN109496756A - A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496756A CN109496756A CN201811390768.9A CN201811390768A CN109496756A CN 109496756 A CN109496756 A CN 109496756A CN 201811390768 A CN201811390768 A CN 201811390768A CN 109496756 A CN109496756 A CN 109496756A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The present invention relates to artificial pasture planting technology field, in particular to the implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of a kind of high latitude.The reasonable alfalfa variety of method choice of the invention, in conjunction with dense planting appropriate and fertilization mode, can make the cold area clover drying Herbage harvest of high latitude is more than 600kg/ mus, and than 200~400kg/ of output increased mus under conventional cultivation technology, biological yield 100%~200% can be improved.The technology can guarantee that clover turns green and grows safely in the extreme cold spell in spring time, the lodging underproduction problem of clover caused by guarantee summer is rainy.The technology improves the ability that local alfalfa cultivation resists extreme weather, improves alfalfa output in the application of high latitude Han Qu, improve the enthusiasm of local collective and personal Planting Medicago sativa, raising income, the development for local careless animal husbandry provides high quality forage, and then promotes the development of the quick health of careless animal husbandry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial pasture planting technology field, in particular to the plantation side of the cold area's Alfalfa of a kind of high latitude
Method.
Background technique
Animal Husbandry in China sustained and rapid development forms maximum cultivation system in the world, in addition the forage grass of original domestic animal
Demand constitutes huge domestic grass product market.Chinese milk cow, beef cattle and mutton sheep are to the demand of grass product every year
30000000 tons or so, grass meal is added with 4%~5% ratio in pig chicken mixed feed, annual grass meal demand is more than 2,500,000
Ton, the cultivation of the special animals such as ostrich, deer and aquaculture are to the demand of grass product also at 100,000 tons or more.In addition, in pastoral area,
Due to grass-land deterioration, desertification, salinization of soil, stores grass amount and reduce, the anomalous variation of weather causes the frequent generation of bloods and droughts, often
Year needs to store the millions of tons of combatting of natural disaster and protection of livestock forage grass.It can be seen that the domestic market of herbage is very big.
In terms of demand side, domestic Alfalfa is mainly used in milk cow production, and the sustainable and healthy development of milk industry is not from
The support of grassland industry development is opened, especially using clover as the high quality forage of representative.Flourishing milk industry requires the grass cultivation for having flourishing, high-quality
The dairy products of amount will have the grassland industry of high quality, the herbage supply of high-caliber Cow product inevitable requirement high quality.Alfalfa
Referred to as " King of Pasture ", the national annual alfalfa hay total demand of milk cow by quality it is basic, normal, high divide be respectively 4,500,000 tons,
13500000 tons, 22,500,000 tons, the market demand is very vigorous.
High latitude Han Qu refers generally to High aititude, high latitude area, and temperature is relatively low, and annual mean daily temperature is greater than or equal to 10
DEG C 1800~2000 DEG C of accumulated temperature, the season of growth 100 days or so or without absolute frost-free period.Chinese extremely frigid zones are mainly distributed on Qinghai-Tibet
Plateau, some areas for covering new plateau, northern Heilongjiang and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and loess plateau.Extremely frigid zones are in China's grass animal husbandry
It plays an important role in development, the production of extremely frigid zones high quality forage becomes the basis of animal husbandry development.The work in these areas
It is lower to be subject to reasons, the general yield such as cultivation management is extensive since low temperature and the season of growth are short for object production.
Clover is Perennial legume forages, though being referred to as " King of Pasture ", is still had in the Planting Medicago sativa of extremely frigid zones
The plantation and production of many problem limitation large area.Firstly, winter temperature is low, cold spell in later spring, dust storm corrode etc. restrict height
The plantation and production of the cold area clover of latitude.And the variety yield of extreme cold resistance is lower in clover and the higher herbage of yield is anti-
Inverse property is again relatively weak, if encountering extreme weather, high latitude Han Qu frequently encounters clover Large Scale Death phenomenon, causes to production
Heavy losses.Meanwhile dense planting technology can preferably promote the growth and yield of the cold area's non-leap year clover of high latitude, but work as and encounter
The quick Seedling height in summer in rainy time, dense planting clover causes to lodge, and influences the yield and quality of clover, makes to clover eldish
At the underproduction, ultimate output is influenced, reduces productivity effect.Therefore, carry out grinding for high latitude area clover high yield theory and technology
Study carefully and be of great significance with innovation for the production of extremely frigid zones high quality forage, the development for quickly propelling China's grass animal husbandry has
Important meaning.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that providing a kind of plantation side of cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude
Method.The implantation methods are realized by rational proportion alfalfa variety copes with exceedingly odious weather, suitable by suitable age
Fertilizer application formula improves the lodging tolerance of dense planting ALFALFA PRODUCTION, significantly improves clover Herbage harvest.
High latitude provided by the invention tremble with fear area's Alfalfa implantation methods include:
Alfalfa variety selection: 3 alfalfa varieties of selection Dormancy rating 1~4, overwintering index 1~2；
Selection of land and site preparation: selection level of ground water is lower than 0.3% ground lower than 1m, soil pH value 7.0~8.5, total salt content
Block sows current year site preparation；
Sowing: sowing mid-June to mid-July dresses seed seed and rhizobium, boron fertilizer before sowing, the sub- application rate of naked seed
It is 1.4~1.6kg/ mus；Apply base manure: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium chloride；
Harvest and toothing: sowing current year harvests in late August to early September, 8~10cm of toothing；
Next year harvests twice, and first planting clover flowering stage carries out first time harvest, 6~8cm of toothing；Late August to early September
Period carries out after-crop, 8~10cm of toothing.
The purpose of the present invention is according to extremely frigid zones Climate Anomalies, climatic extreme year temperature is low, cold spell in later spring and spring pole
End strong wind and dense planting clover regrowth hair the problems such as easily lodging, invent a kind of high latitude tremble with fear area's multi items according to quality than mixed seeding and
Fertilizer practice realizes alfalfa cultivation safe overwintering and high yield.Specially select Dormancy rating 1-4, three clovers of overwintering index 1-2
Kind, comprising fast growing and high yield kind 2, it is extremely low temperature resistant, cold-resistant kind 1.After first planting clover harvest, Optimum formulae is applied
Phosphorus potash fertilizer, improve the reproducibility and lodging tolerance of regrowth hair clover, promote the fast-growth of regrowth hair clover, guarantee entire growth
Season Alfalfa total output.Continue 5 years, annual harvest is twice.
In the present invention, the alfalfa variety is selected from Hulun Buir hydridization 1, Russian Medicago varia, public agriculture 1, Long Mu
801, No. 1 or WL168HQ educate in Zhaodong clover, section.
High latitude Han Qu of the present invention includes Qinghai-Tibet Platean, covers new plateau, northern Heilongjiang and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Huang
The some areas on native plateau.Specially cover new highlands.In certain embodiments, implantation methods of the invention are exhaling human relations
Bell carries out.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the seed of 3 alfalfa varieties is (1~3): (1~3): (1~3).
In some embodiments, 3 alfalfa varieties are that No. 1, Russian Medicago varia, Zhaodong clover are educated by section；Seed matter
Amount is than being 1:1:1.
In the present invention, the alfalfa seed, rhizobium, boron fertilizer mass ratio be (900~1100): (28~32): (14~
16)。
In some embodiments, the alfalfa seed, rhizobium, boron fertilizer mass ratio be 1000:30:15.
In the present invention, the sowing uses drilling, and line-spacing is 15~20cm, and depth of planting is 1~1.5cm.
In the present invention, the sub- application rate of the naked seed of the sowing is 1.5kg/ mus.
In the present invention, the application base manure includes application: 9~11kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 14~16kg/ mus of potassium chloride.
In some embodiments, the application base manure includes application: 10kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 15kg/ mus of potassium chloride；
In the present invention, the site preparation includes: 30~40cm of ploughed depth, harrows soil crushing, ground grading.
In the present invention, the field management after planting includes: weeding, is applied fertilizer, and is irrigated；
The weeding are as follows: sowing current year conventional method weeding, next year not weeding；
The fertilising are as follows: apply 14~16kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, 4~6kg/ mus of potassium chloride after harvesting for the first time；Second of receipts
18~22kg/ of calcium superphosphate mus, 8~12kg/ mus of potassium chloride is applied after obtaining；
The fertilising are as follows: apply calcium superphosphate 15kg/ mus, 5kg/ mus of potassium chloride after flowering stage harvest；After after-crop
Calcium superphosphate 20kg/ mus, 15kg/ mus of potassium chloride of application.
The time of the sowing is mid or late June.
The time of the after-crop is late August.
The principle of the irrigation is deep irrigation, pours less, and freeze-up water is poured before freeze-up.
It is described after planting to further include the steps that suppression in the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude.The implantation methods include: alfalfa seed choosing
It selects and quality formula, selection of land and site preparation, sowing, field management, harvest and toothing；Wherein alfalfa seed selection and quality formula
Are as follows: alfalfa variety three of suitable high latitude Han Qu are selected, are mixed according to mass ratio 1:1:1 as sowing seed.Sowing are as follows: broadcast
Kind before seed and rhizobium, boron fertilizer are dressed seed, the sub- application rate of naked seed be 1.4~1.6kg/ mus, sowing time for mid-June extremely
Mid-July, drill spacing are 15~20cm, and depth of planting is 1~1.5cm；Application base manure: 9~11kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), chlorine
Change 14~16kg/ of potassium mus.14~16kg/ of calcium superphosphate mus, 4~6kg/ mus of potassium chloride is applied after harvesting for the first time；Second of receipts
18~22kg/ of calcium superphosphate mus, 8~12kg/ mus of potassium chloride is applied after obtaining.The technical effect that the present invention has are as follows:
The present invention comprehensively considers the cold area's extreme weather conditions of high latitude, mainly includes winter extreme low temperature, spring cold spell in later spring
With strong wind, summer it is rainy cause the extreme weather conditions such as dense planting clover lodging, tremble with fear the gas of area's normal year in combination with high latitude
Time feature regulates and controls lodging tolerance etc. in conjunction with multi items mixing advantage, the homoplasy of multi items aerial and phosphorus potash fertilizer,
The cold area clover of invention high latitude resists exceedingly odious weather conditions, obtains the planting technology of continuous high yield.Carry out with the technology
Alfalfa high-yield planting, can make the cold area clover drying Herbage harvest of high latitude is more than 600kg/ mus, than producing under conventional cultivation technology
Amount improves 200~400kg/ mus, and biological yield 100%~200% can be improved.The technology can guarantee lucerne in the extreme cold spell in spring time
Mu is turned green and is grown safely, the lodging underproduction problem of clover caused by guarantee summer is rainy.The technology high latitude Han Qu application,
The ability that local alfalfa cultivation resists extreme weather is improved, clover high yield is improved, improves local collective and personal Planting Medicago sativa
Enthusiasm, improve income, provide high quality forage for the development of local careless animal husbandry, and then promote careless animal husbandry quickly healthy development.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude., those skilled in the art can use for reference this
Literary content, is suitably modified realization of process parameters.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are to art technology
It is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention for personnel.Method and application of the invention has passed through preferably
Embodiment is described, related personnel obviously can not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope to methods herein and
Using being modified or appropriate changes and combinations, carry out implementation and application the technology of the present invention.
High latitude provided by the invention tremble with fear area's Alfalfa implantation methods include:
Alfalfa variety selection: No. 1, Russian Medicago varia, Zhaodong clover are educated by selection section；Seed quality ratio is 1:1:1；
Selection of land and site preparation: selection level of ground water is lower than 0.3% ground lower than 1m, soil pH value 7.0~8.5, total salt content
Block sows 30~40cm of current year ploughed depth, harrows soil crushing, ground grading；
Sowing: sowing mid-June to mid-July dresses seed seed and rhizobium, boron fertilizer before sowing, alfalfa seed, root nodule
Bacterium, boron fertilizer mass ratio be 1000:30:15；The sub- application rate of naked seed is 1.5kg/ mus；Application base manure: 10kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP),
15kg/ mus of potassium chloride；Sowing uses drilling, and line-spacing is 15~20cm, and depth of planting is 1~1.5cm；It after planting further include suppression
The step of；
Field management: including: weeding, applies fertilizer, and irrigates；
The weeding are as follows: sowing current year conventional method weeding, next year not weeding；
Calcium superphosphate 15kg/ mus, 5kg/ mus of potassium chloride is applied after flowering stage harvest；Calcium superphosphate is applied after after-crop
20kg/ mus, 10kg/ mus of potassium chloride.
The principle of the irrigation is deep irrigation, pours less, and freeze-up water is poured before freeze-up.
Harvest and toothing: sowing current year harvests in late August to early September, 8~10cm of toothing；
Next year harvests twice, and first planting clover flowering stage (late June) carries out first time harvest, 6~8cm of toothing；Late August
To carrying out after-crop, 8~10cm of toothing during early September；
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further explained:
1 clover single variety of embodiment and three kind mixed seeding yield comparisons
One, alfalfa seed selects
Experiment alfalfa seed used be suitable for the domestic main alfalfa variety of extremely frigid zones plantation include section educate No. 1,
WL168HQ, Russian Medicago varia, are sowed for single variety.
Two, selection of land and site preparation
Test site: the Hulunbeier City farm Xie Ertala；
Selection of land: first planting crop is oat, medium fertility plot；Soil is chestnut soil, and water and fertilizer condition is preferable.
Topography is higher, there is irrigation conditions, and drainage system is good, and level of ground water is lower than 1m, and topsoil is deep, soil pH value 6.5-
8.0, total salt content is lower than 0.3%.
Site preparation: sowing current year spring and summer site preparation, summer site preparation are conducive to the removing of weeds；30~40cm of ploughed depth is used
Disc harrow, spike-tooth harrow harrow soil crushing, ground grading.
Three, it sows
Seed processing technology: it is dressed seed before broadcasting with rhizobium and boron fertilizer, quality is than seed: boron fertilizer: rhizobium=1000:30:
15
Application rate: 1.5 kilograms per acre of the sub- application rate of naked seed.
Date of seeding: on June 25th, 2016；
Seeding method: drilling, 15~20cm of line-spacing.
Depth of planting: 1~1.5cm.
Suppression: suppression in time after broadcasting, it is ensured that seed comes into full contact with soil.
Four, field management
Weeding: sowing current year conventional method weeding.Next year, Gansu Province was very fast, and underground root system is more and close because dense planting is sealed, and can not remove
Grass.
Fertilising: 15kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, 5kg/ mus of potassium chloride are applied after flowering stage (general late June) harvest.Autumn
(the beginning of September by the end of August) applies calcium superphosphate 20kg/ mus, 10kg/ mus of potassium chloride after aftercrop.
Irrigate: deep irrigation pours principle less.Freeze-up water is poured before freeze-up.
Five, harvest and toothing
Harvest time: 2016: harvest time August 31st.
2017: first planting June 27；Regrowth hair September 10 days.
2018: first planting June 24；Regrowth hair September 5 days
Toothing: harvest toothing can be with slightly lower 6~8cm, after after-crop for the first time, 8~10cm of toothing.
After clover harvest, through natural drying, water content 14~18%, weighing, statistical result
1 hay yield of table comparison
The result shows that three kind clover mixed seeding annual outputs, which are higher than, individually plants compared with the total output of single variety, p <
0.05.Wherein, second batch of the yield in second batch of next year, third year, is significantly better than the yield individually sowed, p < 0.05.
The multi items mixed seeding dense planting technology of the present invention of embodiment 2
One, alfalfa seed selection and formula
Experiment alfalfa seed used is that the domestic main alfalfa variety of suitable extremely frigid zones plantation includes that No. 1, Russia sieve are educated by section
This Medicago varia, WL168HQ.Section educates No. 1 to be purchased from main kind of the country from breeding, Russian Medicago varia and WL168HQ
Subsidiary is naked seed.
Experimental group is as shown in table 2:
2 experimental group of table
| Experimental group | Kind and seed quality ratio |
| 1 | No. 1 hydridization clover (section) is educated by section |
| 2 | Russian Medicago varia (Russia) |
| 3 | Zhaodong clover (is started) |
| 4 | Section: Russia: start=1:1:1 |
| 5 | Section: Russia: start=1:1:2 |
| 6 | Section: Russia: start=1:1:3 |
| 7 | Section: Russia: start=2:2:1 |
| 8 | Section: Russia: start=3:3:1 |
Two, selection of land and site preparation
Test area: Hulunbeier City Ewenki cattle farm；
Selection of land: topography is higher, there is irrigation conditions, and drainage system is good, and level of ground water is lower than 1m, and topsoil is deep, soil pH
Value 7.0-8.5, total salt content are lower than 0.3%.Soil is sand, and retain water and nutrients ability is poor.
Site preparation: sowing current year spring and summer site preparation, summer site preparation are conducive to the removing of weeds；30~40cm of ploughed depth is used
Disc harrow, spike-tooth harrow harrow soil crushing, ground grading.
Three, it sows
Seed processing technology: it is dressed seed before broadcasting with rhizobium and boron fertilizer, quality is than seed: boron fertilizer: rhizobium=1000:30:
15
Application rate: 1.5 kilograms per acre of the sub- application rate of naked seed.
Sowing time: summer sowing.: on June 20th, 2017, grab moisture sowing after summer rain
Seeding method: drilling, 15~20cm of line-spacing.
Depth of planting: 1~1.5cm.
Suppression: suppression in time after broadcasting, it is ensured that seed comes into full contact with soil.
Four, field management
Weeding: sowing current year conventional method weeding.Next year, Gansu Province was very fast, and underground root system is more and close because dense planting is sealed, and can not remove
Grass.
Fertilising: 14~16kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, 4-6kg/ mus of potassium chloride are applied after flowering stage (general late June) harvest.
(the beginning of September by the end of August) applies 18~22kg/ of calcium superphosphate mus, 8~12kg/ mus of potassium chloride after autumn after-crop.
Irrigate: deep irrigation pours principle less.Freeze-up water is poured before freeze-up.
Five, harvest and toothing
Harvest time: on August 30th, 2017；On June 26th, 2018, on August 29th, 2018.
Toothing: harvest toothing can be with slightly lower 6~8cm, after after-crop for the first time, 8~10cm of toothing.
Six, yield detects
Harvest yield under different cultivars quality proportioning is detected, after clover harvest, through natural drying to water content 14%
~18%, weighing, statistical result such as table 3:
Each variety and quality of table 3 is with the influence for comparing harvest yield
Note: yield is average productivity ± standard deviation.
Analyze the technology, tremble with fear area's climate variability, extreme weather of high latitude takes place frequently, and clover is perennial leguminous plant, safety
It is overwintering to turn green, rationally cope with the main limiting factor that the weather such as cold spell in later spring, spring strong wind are the cold area's alfalfa growings of high latitude, pass through
The mixed seeding mode of different cold resistance kinds (Dormancy rating, overwintering index index), it is ensured that high yield, while extreme cold resistance
Kind can spend the harm of exceedingly odious weather safely again, guarantee the stable high yield of clover many years.
High latitude is trembled with fear, and area's extreme climate is severe, and minimum to subzero 49 DEG C of winter low temperature, some special time weathers are extreme
Badly, such as 2018, the cold spell in later spring and strong wind in spring cause many clovers to turn green the freezing to death of bud, cause the death of large area, and
Increase the clover of extreme anti-adversity mixed planting then well-grown.
There is difference in fast-growing and degeneration-resistant aspect between different alfalfa varieties, it is right in growth course that different quality is influenced than proportion
The competition of ground glazing, the competition to underground moisture and nutrient affect the interracial space distribution in above and below ground.It is tried by field
Test it is found that the kind to resist cold under two normal conditions is plus the mass mixings such as an extreme cold-resistant variety, can achieve high yield with
The inverse equalization point of highly resistance.On the one hand, the normal time, three kinds can safe overwintering turn green, two fast growing varietys it is quick
Growth can induce the homoplasy growth of extreme anti-adversity, participate in the competition of light and nutrient, guarantee fast-growth and high production
Amount.
On the other hand, interim, the reply of the certifiable safety of anti-adversity is carried out in some time extreme climate, guarantee is normal
Growth, and with the recovery of the reproducibility of clover root system and sprout tillers ability, guarantee that alfalfa grasslands restore rapidly simultaneously normal growth.Cause
This has a competition in conjunction with quality between kind tests, the results showed that, three kind clover mixed seeding yield are higher than individually plantation, and the effect is through counting
There are significant difference, p < 0.05 for credit analysis.And wherein, three variety and qualities are in 1:1:1, yield highest.Therefore, selection should
It is formulated as the core technology promoted.
3 regrowth hair fertilizer application formula of embodiment lodges to regrowth hair and the influence of yield
Kind: No. 1 unicast is educated by section, and No. 1, Russian Medicago varia, the quality mixed seeding such as WL168HQ are educated by section.
Test area: the Hulunbeier City pasture Xie Ertala；
Time: the sowing time 2016.
June 29 2018 soil fertility quality time, after first batch of Alfalfa harvests.
In addition to regrowth hair fertilizer formula, other implantation methods are with embodiment 1, after clover harvests, through naturally dry to water content
14%~18%, weighing, statistical result are shown in Table 4:
Influence of the 4 regrowth hair fertilizer application formula of table to lodging and yield
Note: yield is average productivity ± standard deviation；
Calcium superphosphate percentage containing phosphorus pentoxide 20%；
Potassium chloride chloride containing potassium 60% calculates ratio.
The technology is analyzed, clover fertilization mode traditionally, in order to guarantee that the stable high yield of clover, nitrogen phosphorus top dressing are the most general
Time.Although clover can act on by nodule nitrogen fixation, nitrogenous fertilizer is provided, but the field technology of crop grain production is deep-rooted.
Therefore, the application of nitrogenous fertilizer causes the waste of fertilizer, does not embody in yield.We study the high latitude Han Qu of invention
Alfalfa cultivation technology ensure that the stable high yield of clover well.But in rainwater preferable good year, for crop, summer
In the season of the exactly nutrient growth fast-growth with heavy rainfall in season, sufficient storage is provided for the maturation of reproductive growth and seed
It is standby.For clover, under dense planting technical conditions, the high water high fertile of high temperature brings the fast-growth of clover, and plant height quicklys increase,
Because density is larger, cause branch stem very thin tender, meanwhile, it is unfavorable for penetrating for wind, easily causes lodging, the after especially plants
Start within 3 years, clover enters high yield period.Therefore, for this problem, it is proposed that the phosphorus potash fertilizer of certain mass proportion is applied,
Increase the hardness of Herba Medicaginis stem, increase lodging tolerance, improves the yield of regrowth hair clover.Firstly, the application of phosphorus potash fertilizer can be improved
The growth of clover root system improves root weight, increases the rugosity of root cap.Secondly, the application of phosphate fertilizer can increase the generation of alfalfa Phylloxera,
Promote fixed nitrogen, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, again, the application of potash fertilizer can increase the hardness of stalk, these not only increase lucerne
The lodging tolerance of Mu stalk also improves the fixing power of root cap, promotes the utilization of nitrogen, improves photosynthetic efficiency, guarantees
High yield, according to test result, high latitude is trembled with fear after area's first planting harvest, impose per acre 15 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 5 kilograms of potassium chloride can
To increase clover lodging tolerance, the production and yield of regrowth hair Alfalfa are improved, the alfalfa output of the processing group is significantly higher than it
His each group, p < 0.05.Therefore, select the fertilization mode and formula as the core technology promoted.
1 clover general planting technology of comparative example
One, alfalfa seed selects
Experiment alfalfa seed used is that the domestic main alfalfa variety of suitable extremely frigid zones plantation includes that dragon herds 801, grassland 3
Number, public agriculture 1, Zhaodong clover, be commercial alfalfa seed (uncoated), be purchased from domestic main seeds company.
Two, selection of land and site preparation
Selection of land.Topography is higher, there is irrigation conditions, and drainage system is good, and level of ground water is lower than 1m, and topsoil is deep, soil pH
Value 7.0-8.5, total salt content are lower than 0.3%.
Site preparation.Current year spring and summer site preparation is sowed, summer site preparation is conducive to the removing of weeds；30~40cm of ploughed depth is used
Disc harrow, spike-tooth harrow harrow soil crushing, ground grading.
Three, it sows
Seed processing technology: directly net seed sowing.
Application rate: 1.0 kilograms per acre of the sub- application rate of naked seed.
Sowing time: summer sowing.Sowing time was on June 25th, 2016.
Seeding method: drilling, line-spacing 30cm.
Depth of planting: 1~1.5cm.
Suppression: suppression in time after broadcasting, it is ensured that seed comes into full contact with soil.
Four, field management
Weeding: sowing current year conventional method weeding.
Fertilising: flowering stage applies 10 kilograms of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) per acre, and 10 kilograms of urea is per acre.
It irrigates: the later watering of soil drought, it is a small amount of multiple to pour.
Five, harvest and toothing
Harvest.It harvests for the first time, on July 15th, 2017, after-crop, on September 20th, 2017.
Toothing: being 8~10cm twice.
After clover harvest, through natural drying, until water content 14%~18%, weighs, statistical result such as table 4:
5 general planting alfalfa hay yield comparison of table
Note: yield is average productivity ± standard deviation
Relative to the present invention program, the thickness of sowing and variety adoption of comparative example are single, and Fertilizer ratio is unreasonable.Phase
For the present invention program, the yield of general planting mode is significant lower, this species diversity through statistical analysis have conspicuousness, p <
0.05。
Reason is analyzed, dense planting technology first is higher than routine techniques grass yield.Dense planting mainly passes through the production of 3 points of raising clovers
Amount.First is that dense planting can make group seal Gansu Province as early as possible, photosynthetic efficiency is improved.Second is that dense planting promotes the competition between individual to light, plant
Strain increases plant height to higher Growth In Space.Third is that dense planting promotes the competition of individual plant pair underground nutrient and water, promote
Grow root system toward depths, root facilitates extremely frigid zones clover safe overwintering deeply.Therefore, high latitude Han Qu is increased using dense planting technology
Add cold hardiness, improves forage yield.
Also, the present invention three Cultivar mixtures plantation, medium cold-resistant fast growing variety ensure that high latitude is trembled with fear area's normal year
The high yield of forage grass, extreme cold-resistant variety is when encountering exceedingly odious weather, it is ensured that clover safe overwintering, normal growth.Together
When, normal year it has been found that when extreme anti-adversity and fast-growth Cultivar mixtures are planted, due to light, nutrient it is competing
It strives, there is convergent growth characteristic, ensure that high yield.In addition, multi items mixed seeding technology, decreases the generation of alfalfa diseases.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that those skilled in the art are come
It says, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- The implantation methods of area's Alfalfa 1. a kind of high latitude is trembled with fear characterized by comprisingAlfalfa variety selection: 3 alfalfa varieties of selection Dormancy rating 1~4, overwintering index 1~2；Selection of land and site preparation: selection level of ground water is lower than 0.3% plot lower than 1m, soil pH value 7.0~8.5, total salt content, broadcasts Kind current year site preparation；Sowing: sowing mid-June to mid-July dresses seed seed and rhizobium, boron fertilizer before sowing, and the sub- application rate of naked seed is 1.4 ~1.6kg/ mus；Apply base manure: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium chloride；Harvest and toothing: sowing current year harvests in late August to early September, 8~10cm of toothing；Next year harvests twice, and first planting clover flowering stage carries out first time harvest, 6~8cm of toothing；Late August is to during early September Carry out after-crop, 8~10cm of toothing.
- 2. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the alfalfa variety is selected from Hulun Buir hydridization 1, No. 1 or WL168HQ educate in Russian Medicago varia, public agriculture 1, Long Mu 801, Zhaodong clover, section.
- 3. implantation methods according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of the seed of 3 alfalfa varieties For (1~3): (1~3): (1~3).
- 4. described in any item implantation methods according to claim 1~3, which is characterized in that 3 alfalfa varieties are that section educates 1 Number, Russian Medicago varia, Zhaodong clover；Seed quality ratio is 1:1:1.
- 5. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the alfalfa seed, rhizobium, boron fertilizer mass ratio For (900~1100): (28~32): (14~16).
- 6. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing uses drilling, and line-spacing is 15~20cm, Depth of planting is 1~1.5cm.
- 7. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the application base manure includes application: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 9~ 11kg/ mus, 14~16kg/ mus of potassium chloride.
- 8. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the site preparation includes: 30~40cm of ploughed depth, rake Soil crushing, ground grading.
- 9. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the field management after planting includes: weeding, is applied Fertilizer is irrigated；The weeding are as follows: sowing current year conventional method weeding, next year not weeding；The fertilising are as follows: apply 14~16kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, 4~6kg/ mus of potassium chloride after harvesting for the first time；After after-crop 18~22kg/ of calcium superphosphate mus, 8~12kg/ mus of potassium chloride of application；The principle of the irrigation is deep irrigation, pours less, and freeze-up water is poured before freeze-up.
- 10. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described after planting to further include the steps that suppression.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101990818A (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-03-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Technology for establishing alfalfa grasslands at cold regions |
| CN107047020A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 重庆市润林农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology |
| CN108077007A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear area clover high yield light regulation and control implantation methods |
| CN108353733A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-03 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude |
-
2018
- 2018-11-21 CN CN201811390768.9A patent/CN109496756A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101990818A (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-03-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Technology for establishing alfalfa grasslands at cold regions |
| CN107047020A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 重庆市润林农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high yield Alfalfa planting technology |
| CN108077007A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of high latitude is trembled with fear area clover high yield light regulation and control implantation methods |
| CN108353733A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-03 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the cold area's Alfalfa of high latitude |
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