CN103039230A - Method for improving soybean yield by soil testing and formulated fertilization technology - Google Patents
Method for improving soybean yield by soil testing and formulated fertilization technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103039230A CN103039230A CN2012105403014A CN201210540301A CN103039230A CN 103039230 A CN103039230 A CN 103039230A CN 2012105403014 A CN2012105403014 A CN 2012105403014A CN 201210540301 A CN201210540301 A CN 201210540301A CN 103039230 A CN103039230 A CN 103039230A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soybean yield by a soil testing and formulated fertilization technology. Soil testing and formulated fertilization and planting methods include soil sample collection, planting and fertilization, wherein the soil sample collection includes that soil is sampled by a geotome, forces are uniformly exerted during down drilling, the geotome is perpendicular to a ground plane, a complete clumpy soil body is sampled, and soil which is 20cm deep in a plough layer is sampled; and the planting includes that seeds are dried in the sun for 2 to 3 days before seeding, after seeding, a mixture of 60g to 70g of 25% chlorimuron-ethyl per hectare, 2.5 to 3.0 liters of 50% acetochlor and 600 kg to 750 kg of water is sprayed before seedling emergence, and herbicides are applied after seedling emergence. By means of the method, related fertilization parameters are obtained through a soil nutrient test and a field fertilizer effect experiment according to the relation among crops, soil and fertilizers, balanced fertilization is guided, and high quality and high yield are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves soybean yields, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields, belong to Agriculture Field planting technology field.
Background technology
Soybean originates in China, is to select evolution and next from wild soybean through long-term qualitative cultivation.Soybean is high nutrition crop, contains protein about 40%, wherein contains biological 8 essential seed amino acids: lysine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, valine, tryptophan, phenyl alanine.Be rich in unsaturated fatty acid in the soybean oil, can reduce the human serum cholesterol; Isoflavones can suppress cancer, prevents osteoporosis, reduces cholesterol; Soyasaponins has the effect that reduces blood fat and serum cholesterol; Soyabean oligosaccharides can promote the propagation of Bifidobacterium in the enteron aisle, improves the effects such as gut flora.
At present, more than 900 ten thousand hectares of China's soybean planting areas account for 12% of world soybean sowing area.About 2000 kilograms of soybean per unit area yield per hectares, more than 1,500 ten thousand tons of gross yields account for 10% of world wide production.7,000,000 tons of the annual imported soybeans of China are maximum in the world Soybean import states.
The present, in the past few years the sowing area of soybean, per unit area yield, gross yield were all on a declining curve, according to national Soybean Production Situation, for improving the soybean Quality and yield, constantly increase the economic benefit of soybean, be badly in need of a kind of method that can change soybean yields decline and occur, to change Soybean Production Situation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of method of utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields is provided, solves the technical problem that existence yields poorly in the existing Soybean production process, thereby can effectively solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals: a kind of method of utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields, adopt following fertilization compositions based on earth measurement and implantation methods:
One, collecting soil sample:
Fetch earth with geotome, firmly evenly, keep earth boring auger vertical with ground level during lower brill, the soil body of the complete one-tenth piece of taking-up is got the dark soil of topsoil 20cm;
Be poured on the clean plank or Polypropylence Sheet adopting the soil sample of coming, with hand soil block crumbed, remove crop root, insect, stone foreign material in the soil with taking the photograph sub-folder, it is air-dry to be put in indoor shady and cool ventilation place; Then air-dry pulverize with waddy or vial afterwards use 1～2mm sieve, and the soil sample of sieving is processed by the quartering division;
Two, between planting season:
Before the sowing seed was shone 2～3 days;
Use yellow grand per hectare 60～70 grams of 25% beans before after planting emerging, add 2.5～3.0 liters of 50% Acetochlors, 600～750 kilograms in water is sprayed;
Use weed killer herbicide after emerging;
Fertilising: execute phosphorus pentoxide 45-75kg/hm
2, diammonium phosphate 120-150kg/hm
2Perhaps potassium chloride 120-150kg/hm
2, plough under simultaneously soil with fertilizer and make base manure.
Top dressing and anti-down accelerating: soybean later stage of bearing pods is found to take off fertilizer, and per hectare adds 1.2 kilograms in biphosphate potassium with 15 kilograms in urea, and 700 kilograms in water is carried out foliage spray.
As a kind of optimal way, in the process of basking seeds, cooperate sick worm composite seed coating agent seed dressing.
As a kind of optimal way, the weed killer herbicide of using after emerging refers to: after soybean grew two compound leaves, 2～4 leaf phases of broad leaved weed, per hectare to 500 kilograms in water, was carried out the cauline leaf spraying first time with 2.8～3 liters of 52% Bentazons; Grassy weed 4～6 leaves are during the phase, and per hectare is taken with 12.5% and pounced on clean 1.2 liters, and 500 kilograms in water is carried out the spraying second time.
As a kind of optimal way, the flower pod drum grain phase is adopted spray leaf fertilizer: use urea 7500g/hm
2Perhaps potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3000g/hm
2To water 750kg/hm
2Spray.
As a kind of optimal way, dense planting: the amount of broadcasting 60-90kg/hm
2, adopt the wide-narrow row planting method of wide row 40-46cm, narrow row 20-23cm.
As a kind of optimal way, find that the aphid spot film causes harm, the leaf roll rate reaches 3% or hundred strain aphid amounts at 1500 when above, and per hectare is sprayed to 800 times of liquid with 1 liter of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution.
As a kind of optimal way, before plantation, measure the following index of soil specimen:
The mensuration of soil organic matter content is chosen the content of organic matter and is higher than 2% soil;
The mensuration of soil acidity or alkalinity is chosen pH value and is 6.5～7.5 soil;
The mensuration of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus potassium content.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention utilizes Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve the method for soybean yields, according to the relation between crop, soil, the fertilizer three, by soil nutrient test, the test of field fertilizer effect, obtain relevant fertilizing constant, instruct balance fertilizing, realize the purpose of high-quality, high yield, specifically, be embodied in the following aspects:
One, promotes soybean yield-increasing, increase economic efficiency: by measuring soil nutrient, understand soybean to the demand of each nutritive element, then according to the crop needs, determine kind and the consumption of using chemical fertilizer, thereby obtain desirable output and benefit, reach the purpose of increasing both production and income;
Two, improvement soyabean field situation, culture fertility: fertilization compositions based on earth measurement emphasizes take " fertilizer is for the basis ", accomplishes that land used combines with increasing soil fertility, so just can long term maintenance with improve constantly soil fertility, the maintenance soil fertility is lasting;
Three, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, environmental contamination reduction: by the formulation fertilizer practice, limited manure resources is rationally utilized, improved utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce volatilization and the loss of fertilizer, alleviate accumulation and pollution of area source to groundwater azotate, thereby protected the ecological balance, kept agriculture sustainable development;
Four, regulation and control nutrition, the control soybean diseases and insect pests: fertilization compositions based on earth measurement can be regulated and control nitrogen nutrition, strengthen phosphorus, potassium with in, micro-deliverability, satisfy the crop different growing to the demand of nutrient, and can reach Balance Absorption, the cold-resistant drought-resistant ability of soybean is obviously strengthened, and damage by disease and insect, lodging obviously reduce, and can improve the soybean kernel quality.
?
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Disclosed all features in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or the process, except the speciality and/or step of mutual repulsion, all can make up by any way, unless special narration all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar purpose, namely, unless special narration, an embodiment in a series of equivalences of each feature or the similar characteristics.
Select the high-protein soybean kind: the inheritance of soybean varieties is determining the quality of soybean prod, therefore, at first will select high protein variety according to the requirement of soybean seed production technology.The high-protein soybean new varieties of popularizing planting mainly contain No. 16, beans of Xu, No. 5, whirlpool beans, Yudou 25, No. 23, Anhui beans, No. 24, Anhui beans etc. in the production.These kinds are through testing for many years, demonstrate, promote, stable yield, general per unit area yield 2250-3000kg/hm
2
Embodiment 1:
The present invention utilizes Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve the method for soybean yields, selects Xu's beans No. 16, adopts following fertilization compositions based on earth measurement and implantation methods:
One, collecting soil sample:
Fetch earth with geotome, firmly evenly, keep earth boring auger vertical with ground level during lower brill, the soil body of the complete one-tenth piece of taking-up is got the dark soil of topsoil 20cm;
Be poured on the clean plank or Polypropylence Sheet adopting the soil sample of coming, with hand soil block crumbed, remove crop root, insect, stone foreign material in the soil with taking the photograph sub-folder, it is air-dry to be put in indoor shady and cool ventilation place; Then air-dry pulverize with waddy or vial afterwards use 1～2mm sieve, and the soil sample of sieving is processed by the quartering division;
The correct soil basketing method of several pest control methods of soybean is to fetch earth with geotome, firmly wants evenly during lower brill, keeps earth boring auger vertical with ground level, and the soil body of taking-up is complete, if there is not geotome, can also take with little scoop or spade.Adopt "the" shape or claim snakelike sampling method, be applicable to the sampling of long and narrow plot, perhaps adopt checkering also to claim checkerboard type, this sampling mode is applicable to comparatively broad and approximate square plot.Should by Different Crop, take the soil specimen of different depth when adopting soil sample.
Two, measure the index system of soil specimen:
1. soil organic matter content: organic matter is an important indicator estimating soil fertility.Because organic resolution through microorganism discharges the nutritive elements such as nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, absorb for crop; The content of organic matter is higher than 2% the fertile ground that is, the content of organic matter be about 1% be in upper fertility, the content of organic matter is lower than 0.5% for meagerly.Therefore, present embodiment selects the content of organic matter to be higher than 2% fertile ground as planting site.
2. soil acidity or alkalinity: the pH value of soil is the key factor that affects mineral nutrient solvability, and has determined thus the validity of crop nutrition content, finally has influence on the absorption of root system.Suitable acid-base value refers to be conducive to most activity, the Nutrient Transformation activation of Soil Microorganism and the soil pH scope of being utilized by plant absorbing.It is 6.5～7.5 soil that present embodiment is chosen pH value.
3. alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: contained nitrate nitrogen, hinge attitude nitrogen, phthalein amine attitude nitrogen, simple egg are called soil available nitrogen from organic nitrogens such as matter in the soil, also claim alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen.The easier utilizations absorbed by crops such as hinge attitude nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phthalein amine attitude nitrogen are called available nitrogen.
Rapid available phosphorus: contained water-soluble phosphorus and structure dissolubility phosphorus in the soil, be called soil validity phosphorus, also be soil quick-effective phosphor.
Available potassium soil: earth validity potassium claims again quick-acting potassium, comprises replacement property potassium and water-soluble potassium two parts, and soil validity potassium can be absorbed by the crop this season, can be used as the important evidence of Rational Application potash fertilizer.
According to the mensuration to above-mentioned soil specimen index, decide what of later stage fertilising.
1, target output determines.
Target output, namely plan yield or fixed output quota index are the original foundations of determining fertilizer requirement, target output depends on soil fertility to a great extent, can calculate by the fixed output quota empirical equation.Crop is carried amount of nutrients outside, refers to the contained amount of nutrients of all biological output of crop.Various crops are carried the nutrient numberical value of quantity outside, mainly are nitrogen, the phosphorus of Crop, the numerical value of potassium three elements; With reference to " data that the Soybean production handbook is introduced are found the required absorption of this kind crop 100kg N, P2O5, K2O amount.
2, fertilizer nutrient availability: refer to that crop executes minute rate that people's fertilizer nutrient absorptive amount accounts for the fertilizing nutrient total amount to this season.The availability of inorganic fertilizer is general: N is that 30%～45%, P2O5 is that 5%～25%, K2O is 40%～50%.The organic manure plant recovery of nutrient is complicated, and becoming thoroughly decomposed preferably, night soil, chicken, the nitrogen of duck class fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium availability can have 20%～40%; The availability of hog manure has 15%～30%; Soil miscellany nutrient content and availability differ greatly, and general utilization is 5% one 30%.
3, the calculating of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer.
The concrete calculation procedure of fertilizing amount is:
1) determines the target output of crop.
2) take the crop soil specimen before the basal dressing, measure alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, the rapid available phosphorus potassium content of soil specimen.
3) determine every production 100kg product, the required absorbed nitrogen phosphorus of crop potassium quantity.
Two, between planting season:
For guaranteeing that seedling is complete, seedling is neat, seedling is strong, to conscientiously do seed treatment well before the sowing.Bask seeds: broadcast front with seed solarization 3 days, raising percentage of seedgermination and germination vigor.Sick worm composite seed coating agent seed dressing: select soybean Special hospital worm composite seed coating agent.Seed pelleting after planting can be defendd germ and insect in the soil, improves emergence rate and regularity.
Use the yellow grand per hectare 65 of 25% beans before after planting emerging, add 3.0 liters of 50% Acetochlors, 650 kilograms in water is sprayed;
Use weed killer herbicide after emerging; The weed killer herbicide of using after emerging refers to: after soybean grew two compound leaves, 2～4 leaf phases of broad leaved weed, per hectare to 500 kilograms in water, was carried out the cauline leaf spraying first time with 2.8～3 liters of 52% Bentazons; Grassy weed 4～6 leaves are during the phase, and per hectare is taken with 12.5% and pounced on clean 1.2 liters, and 500 kilograms in water is carried out the spraying second time.
The fertilising seedling in the ranks that advances: the soybean thinning will be carried out according to the determined density of the factors such as kind, soil fertility, removes weak seedling, sick seedling, assorted seedling, stays seedlings, strong sprout and pure seedling, accomplishes rationally to stay seedling, evenly equidistant.Two simple and opposites of soybean are the suitable time of thinning when open and flat.
Fertilising: execute phosphorus pentoxide 55kg/hm
2Plough under simultaneously soil with fertilizer and make base manure.
Top dressing and anti-down accelerating: soybean later stage of bearing pods is found to take off fertilizer, and per hectare adds 1.2 kilograms in biphosphate potassium with 15 kilograms in urea, and 700 kilograms in water is carried out foliage spray.
The flower pod drum grain phase is adopted spray leaf fertilizer: use urea 7500g/hm
2To water 750kg/hm
2Spray.
Find that the aphid spot film causes harm, the leaf roll rate reaches 3% or hundred strain aphid amounts at 1500 when above, and per hectare is sprayed to 800 times of liquid with 1 liter of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution.
Carry out according to the method described above soybean planting in the Mianyang, Sichuan city, cultivated area is 6670 hm
2About, output 1800-2250kg/hm
2
Embodiment 2:
Compare with embodiment 1, the kind that embodiment 2 selects is No. 24, Anhui beans:
And adopted the rational close planting method.
The principle of rational close planting: same kind is different because of Cultivated-land Fertility, and suitable density is different.Must follow fertile ground should be rare, the suitable close principle of unfertile land; The suitable thin planting of kind that property in great numbers is strong, branch is many, stalk is weak; The kind rational close planted that property in great numbers is poor, branch is few, stalk is strong; Late variety has generally that plant is tall and big, grow prolifically, the more characteristics of branch, therefore should thin planting; Early-maturing variety, breeding time is short, plant property in great numbers is poor, so answer dense planting.The reasonable strain number of Dongfeng County soybean is per hectare 18～220,000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings under the general soil fertility condition.Suitable equidistant program request, the individual plant management.Sowing depth (after the suppression) generally is advisable with about 3 centimetres.
Concrete measure is: the amount of broadcasting 60-90kg/hm
2, adopt the wide-narrow row planting method of wide row 40-46cm, narrow row 20-23cm.
In addition, the fertilising person of executing potassium chloride 130kg/hm
2, plough under simultaneously soil with fertilizer and make base manure.
Sowing: after soybean progresses into the maturing stage, the planting technology of soybean plant strain exsiccation this moment soybean, leaf and petiole come off, and seed is received the circle hardening in the beanpod, has this kind color and luster; In the hand beans, beanpod seed send " rustlingly " sound, be the maturing stage, also be the suitable phase of soybean harvest, should in time gather in, immediately threshing storage is split pod with minimizing.Early threshing can prevent from further causing harm after the soybean pod borer harvesting, improves soybean quality, increases the soybean Economy benefit.
More than the present invention has been carried out detailed introduction, used specific case herein structure of the present invention set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.To change of the present invention with to improve will be possible, and can not exceed design and the scope of accessory claim regulation.
Claims (7)
1. method of utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields is characterized in that: adopt following fertilization compositions based on earth measurement and implantation methods:
One, collecting soil sample:
Fetch earth with geotome, firmly evenly, keep earth boring auger vertical with ground level during lower brill, the soil body of the complete one-tenth piece of taking-up is got the dark soil of topsoil 20cm;
Be poured on the clean plank or Polypropylence Sheet adopting the soil sample of coming, with hand soil block crumbed, remove crop root, insect, stone foreign material in the soil with taking the photograph sub-folder, it is air-dry to be put in indoor shady and cool ventilation place; Then air-dry pulverize with waddy or vial afterwards use 1～2mm sieve, and the soil sample of sieving is processed by the quartering division;
Two, between planting season:
Before the sowing seed was shone 2～3 days;
Use yellow grand per hectare 60～70 grams of 25% beans before after planting emerging, add 2.5～3.0 liters of 50% Acetochlors, 600～750 kilograms in water is sprayed;
Use weed killer herbicide after emerging;
Fertilising: execute phosphorus pentoxide 45-75kg/ hm
2, diammonium phosphate 120-150kg/hm
2Perhaps potassium chloride 120-150kg/ hm
2, plough under simultaneously soil with fertilizer and make base manure; Top dressing and anti-down accelerating: soybean later stage of bearing pods is found to take off fertilizer, and per hectare adds 1.2 kilograms in biphosphate potassium with 15 kilograms in urea, and 700 kilograms in water is carried out foliage spray.
2. the method for utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: cooperate sick worm composite seed coating agent seed dressing in the process of basking seeds.
3. the method for utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the weed killer herbicide of using after emerging refers to: after soybean grows two compound leaves, 2～4 leaf phases of broad leaved weed, per hectare to 500 kilograms in water, is carried out the cauline leaf spraying first time with 2.8～3 liters of 52% Bentazons; Grassy weed 4～6 leaves are during the phase, and per hectare is taken with 12.5% and pounced on clean 1.2 liters, and 500 kilograms in water is carried out the spraying second time.
4. the method for utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: flower pod drum grain phase employing spray leaf fertilizer: with urea 7500g/ hm
2Perhaps potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3000g/hm
2To water 750kg/ hm
2Spray.
5. the method for utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: dense planting: the amount of broadcasting 60-90kg/hm
2, adopt the wide-narrow row planting method of wide row 40-46cm, narrow row 20-23cm.
6. such as the described method of utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: discovery aphid spot film is caused harm, the leaf roll rate reaches 3% or hundred strain aphid amounts at 1500 when above, per hectare with 1 liter of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution to 800 times of liquid sprayings.
7. the method for utilizing Formula fertilization by soil testing to improve soybean yields as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: before plantation, measure the following index of soil specimen:
The mensuration of soil organic matter content is chosen the content of organic matter and is higher than 2% soil;
The mensuration of soil acidity or alkalinity is chosen pH value and is 6.5～7.5 soil;
The mensuration of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus potassium content.
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| CN103385102A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-11-13 | 黄振忠 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for artificial cultivation of Radix sophorae Tonkinensis |
| CN103891459A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-02 | 益阳市蔬菜科学研究所 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for use in environment-friendly cultivation of cucumber |
| CN105794379A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 王芝 | Method of soil testing and fertilization of rape |
| CN106613096A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 石家庄大地种业有限公司 | Winter wheat water-saving high-yield cultivating method |
| CN106856775A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-20 | 山西师范大学 | A kind of screening technique of the corn fertilizing mode that replays |
| CN106922369A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-07-07 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of soybean |
| CN108718638A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-02 | 河北吉瑞馨农业科技发展有限公司 | The soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method of soybean |
| CN109089809A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-12-28 | 西南大学 | A method of bamboo beans are planted using charcoal |
| CN116941494A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-27 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Yield-increasing fertilization method for wheat stubble soybeans in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103385102A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-11-13 | 黄振忠 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for artificial cultivation of Radix sophorae Tonkinensis |
| CN103891459A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-02 | 益阳市蔬菜科学研究所 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for use in environment-friendly cultivation of cucumber |
| CN105794379A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 王芝 | Method of soil testing and fertilization of rape |
| CN106613096A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 石家庄大地种业有限公司 | Winter wheat water-saving high-yield cultivating method |
| CN106856775A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-20 | 山西师范大学 | A kind of screening technique of the corn fertilizing mode that replays |
| CN106922369A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-07-07 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of soybean |
| CN109089809A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-12-28 | 西南大学 | A method of bamboo beans are planted using charcoal |
| CN108718638A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-02 | 河北吉瑞馨农业科技发展有限公司 | The soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method of soybean |
| CN116941494A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-10-27 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Yield-increasing fertilization method for wheat stubble soybeans in Huang-Huai-Hai region |
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Application publication date: 20130417 |