CN104221682B - The full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization - Google Patents
The full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104221682B CN104221682B CN201410482464.0A CN201410482464A CN104221682B CN 104221682 B CN104221682 B CN 104221682B CN 201410482464 A CN201410482464 A CN 201410482464A CN 104221682 B CN104221682 B CN 104221682B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- soil
- potato
- row
- full
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of proportion of crop planting technical field, be specially a kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization。A kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization, it is mainly characterized by step and is: (1) broadcasts front preparation；(2) mulch sowing: disposable complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full-film covering, carry soil sit soil integration of operation, above potato seed film top cover 3～5cm soil；(3) plant protection: sprayed medicine at after planting 15～20 days；Using wheeled tractor, wheel is walked on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing；(4) results of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi。It is an advantage of the invention that this technology can realize mechanization and carry soil, point soil and film top and sit soil, namely above potato seed, film top covers 3-5cm soil, and solving seedling can not be unearthed and the burn seedlings problem that causes by rupture of membranes；Achieve overall process mechanization, save labour；Solve the pollution to soil of the residual broken film；Cultivation technique is a new agricultural technology on mechanization full film ditch ridge, has the advantages such as collection rain, soil moisture conservation, temperature raising, volume increase, and its drought resisting, effect of increasing production are very notable。
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of proportion of crop planting technical field, be specially a kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization。
Background technology:
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, Semen Tritici aestivi, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydis are four important generalized grain crops。Wherein Rhizoma Solani tuber osi under identical planting conditions the protein output of unit are respectively Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi, 2 times of rice, 1.3 times, 1.2 times, and contained protein molecule is easily absorbed by the body。Additionally, the carotene that do not have possibly together with other cereal crops of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and ascorbic acid；Potato nutritional is abundant, constituent structure is reasonable, and contained VB and VC is 4 times and 10 times of Fructus Mali pumilae respectively, and other various content of mineral substances are more than 10 times of Fructus Mali pumilae。In daily life, welcome especially with the food that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is Raw material processing, nutritionist claims Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to be the significantly high food of cost performance。Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is always up indispensable important source material in processing industry, especially purified starch。Therefore, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi has the natural quality of uniqueness and superior economic and social system, and related industry has broad development space。Rhizoma Solani tuber osi research center, the world research show: in nearly 5 years, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi global demand adds 20%, increases by a year-on-year basis to the year two thousand twenty Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and exceedes Oryza sativa L., Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis, by account for the whole world total output more than half。Being continuously increased of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi demand, expedites the emergence of improving constantly of potato seed planting technology, especially Rhizoma Solani tuber osi full film furrow mulching plant technology。Rhizoma Solani tuber osi ditch ridge cultivation technique is a kind of drought-resistant and synergistic cultivation step that northwest Arid planting area is widely popularized in recent years。Its advantage: precipitation is pooled in furrow by face, can fully receive the whole rainfalls during plant growth, it is ensured that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi normally emerges；Two is the invalid evaporation that can reduce soil moisture, it is ensured that the water supply in Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration；Three are able to improve ground temperature, extend Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration, and favourable middle-late ripening variety plays productive potentialities, and effect of increasing production is obvious。Particularly under arid situation, the effect that spring once saves from damage Seedling is very prominent, creating a metastable farmland ecological environment thus growing for potato growth, having synthesized and coordinated each Main Factors affecting potato yield, make Rhizoma Solani tuber osi have good growing environment, improve yield。
The present invention covers potato planting method according to China's full film furrow mulching film of semiarid zone tradition, through field test for many years, work out a kind of full film furrow implantation methods of mechanization Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, there is the advantages such as collection rain, soil moisture conservation, temperature raising, volume increase, potentiation, saving labour, its drought resisting, effect of increasing production are very notable, obtain stable and high yields for Techniques in Dry-farming Areas crop-planting and create Liao Xin road。
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to the defect avoiding prior art to be difficult to realize entire mechanization, it is proposed to a kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization。Sit soil growth-promoting mechanism based on film top, at kind of a soil of row film top overlying lid layer 3～5cm during mechanized cultivation, make the automatic rupture of membranes of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi stem eye break ground and emerge。Overcome burn seedlings that tradition covering with ground sheeting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi puts Seedling, envelope hole program is time-consuming, put Seedling causes not in time and artificial destroy mulch film and affect the drawback such as pressure grass effect of mulch film。Solve the problem that tradition dry farming full overlay film potato planting mode manipulatorization results fabric width coupling is difficult and easily forms residual broken film。
The purpose of the present invention can by realizing by the following technical solutions: a kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization, and it is mainly characterized by step and is:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, and after volt autumn preceding crop results, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning in 10～15 days, adopts pivot plow to plough, and tilling depth reaches 25～30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 1～2 day；To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15～20 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film；
2) sterilization:
The cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with the potassium permanganate of 0.5%；The potato block of well cutting plant ash is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with plant ash equably, then plant；Or spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation；
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, full film furrow drill is adopted to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 55～60cm, spacing in the rows 25～35cm, seed level 10～13cm (potato seed is from face, ridge), then kind of ditch is carried out suppression of soil；Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer, line-spacing 55～60cm inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously；The mechanism that fetches earth on planting machine fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 25～30cm, deep 10～15cm after fetching earth；Pass through the film covering device on planting machine with wide 135～140cm mulch film to covering with broadcasting simultaneously；Soil in small, broken bits is covered in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planting machine, Fen Tu mechanism, and wherein planting row top height to earth up is 3～5cm；During next time operation of full film furrow drill, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss；Full film furrow drill carries soil casing mechanism film top above potato seed and covers 3-5cm soil；This dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method is that one disposable can complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full-film covering, propose soil seat soil integration of operation；
(3) plant protection: sprayed medicine at after planting 15～20 days；Using wheeled tractor, wheel is walked on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing；
(4) results of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi；
1) harvest time:
After autumn end frost, leaf complexion changed Huang turns withered, reaches physiological maturity；Tuber umbilical part easily departs from stolon；Tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops；
2) seedling is killed:
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or soil is wet glues important place block, receives first 2～5 days and cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, it is simple to results；Seedling killing machine requires: kills clean rate >=95%, does not hinder mulch film；
3) results:
Adopt two-stage separate type potato lifter that row is excavated, it is ensured that do not cut and tear up mulch film, making mulch film remain attached on ground, when soil potato separates, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, do not stay residual film。
Described ground film thickness is 0.008～0.012mm, and width is 135～140cm；
Described seeder potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 55～60cm；
Described seeder dose is 30～70 kgs/acre；
Described film top earthing takes from wide 25～30cm, deep 10～15cm furrow in the middle of potato seed；
Described firming is that 135～140cm mulch film carries out furrow firming, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 3～5cm；
When described full-film covering is next time operation of seeder, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving。
Beneficial effects of the present invention: this technology can realize mechanization and carry soil, point soil and film top and sit soil growth-promoting technology, and namely film top covers 3-5cm soil above potato seed, and solving seedling can not be unearthed and the burn seedlings problem that causes by rupture of membranes；Achieve overall process mechanization, save labour；Solve the pollution to soil of the residual broken film；It is a new agricultural technology that mechanization full film furrow broadcasts technology, has the advantages such as collection rain, soil moisture conservation, temperature raising, volume increase, and its drought resisting, effect of increasing production are very notable。
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method schematic cross-section；
In figure: 1. potato seed；2. mulch film；3. bottom of trench firming；4. soil is sat on film top；5. support wheel；6. casting groove。
Detailed description of the invention:
It is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing shownschematically preferred example:
Embodiment 1: seeing Fig. 1, soil 4, machine support wheel 5, casting groove 6 are sat in potato seed 1, mulch film 2, bottom of trench firming 3, film top。
A kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization, it is mainly characterized by step and is:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning in volt autumn preceding crop is gathered in the crops latter 15 days, adopts pivot plow to plough, and tilling depth reaches 30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 2 days；To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 20 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film；
2) sterilization:
The cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with the potassium permanganate of 0.5%；The potato block of well cutting plant ash is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with plant ash equably, then plant；Or spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation；
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, 2CM-2 type full film double-furrow seeder is adopted to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, seed level 13cm (potato seed is from face, ridge), then kind of ditch is carried out suppression of soil；Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer, line-spacing 60cm inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously；The mechanism that fetches earth on planting machine fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 30cm, deep 15cm after fetching earth；Simultaneously by the wide 140cm mulch film of the film covering device on planting machine to covering with broadcasting；Soil in small, broken bits is covered in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planting machine, Fen Tu mechanism, plants row top and covers highly for 5cm soil；During next time operation of 2CM-2 type full film double-furrow seeder, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss；Disposable complete Mechanization sowing, the suppression operation such as shaping, fertilising, full-film covering, firming；
(3) plant protection: sprayed medicine at after planting 20 days；Using wheeled tractor, wheel is walked on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing；
(4) results of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
1) harvest time
After autumn end frost, leaf complexion changed Huang turns withered, reaches physiological maturity；Tuber umbilical part easily departs from stolon；Tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops；
2) seedling is killed
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or soil is wet glues important place block, receives first 5 days and cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, it is simple to results；Seedling killing machine requires: kills clean rate >=95%, does not hinder mulch film；
4) results
Adopt two-stage separate type potato lifter that row is excavated, it is ensured that do not cut and tear up mulch film, making mulch film remain attached on ground, when soil potato separates, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, do not stay residual film。
Described ground film thickness is 0.012mm, and width is 140cm；
Described seeder potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 60cm；
Described seeder dose is 70 kgs/acre；
Described film top earthing takes from wide 30cm, deep 15cm furrow in the middle of potato seed；
Described firming is that 140cm mulch film carries out furrow firming, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 5cm；
When described full-film covering is next time operation of seeder, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving。
Embodiment 2: seeing Fig. 1, soil 4, machine support wheel 5, casting groove 6 are sat in potato seed 1, mulch film 2, bottom of trench firming 3, film top。
A kind of full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization, the steps include:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning in volt autumn preceding crop is gathered in the crops latter 10 days, adopts pivot plow to plough, and tilling depth reaches 25 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 1 day；To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film；
2) sterilization:
The cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with the potassium permanganate of 0.5%；The potato block of well cutting plant ash is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with plant ash equably, then plant；Or spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation；
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, full film furrow drill is adopted to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 55cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, seed level 10cm (potato seed is from face, ridge), then kind of ditch is carried out suppression of soil；Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer, line-spacing 55cm inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously；Fetched earth in wide in the middle of 2 row potato seeds 25cm, deep 10cm furrow by the mechanism that fetches earth on planting machine；Simultaneously by the wide 135cm mulch film of the film covering device on planting machine to covering with broadcasting；Soil in small, broken bits is covered in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planting machine, Fen Tu mechanism, plants row top and covers highly for 3cm soil；During next time operation of full film furrow drill, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss；Disposable complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full-film covering, carry soil sit soil etc. operation；
(3) plant protection: sprayed medicine at after planting 15 days；Using wheeled tractor, wheel is walked on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing；
(4) results of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
1) harvest time
After autumn end frost, leaf complexion changed Huang turns withered, reaches physiological maturity；Tuber umbilical part easily departs from stolon；Tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops；
2) seedling is killed
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or soil is wet glues important place block, receives first 2 days and cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, it is simple to results；Seedling killing machine requires: kills clean rate >=95%, does not hinder mulch film；
4) results
Adopt two-stage separate type potato lifter that row is excavated, it is ensured that do not cut and tear up mulch film, making mulch film remain attached on ground, when soil potato separates, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, do not stay residual film。
Described ground film thickness is 0.008mm, and width is 135cm；
Described seeder potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 55cm；
Described seeder dose is 30 kgs/acre；
Described film top earthing takes from wide 25cm, deep 10cm furrow in the middle of potato seed；
Described firming is that 135cm mulch film carries out furrow firming, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 3cm；
When described full-film covering is next time operation of seeder, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving。
Embodiment 3: a kind of dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivating method is on rotary cultivator with the post-job land for growing field crops of scarification equipment, adopt the sowing of 2CM-2 type full film double-furrow Sowing machine for potatoes, 2 row, line-spacing 58cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, seed level 16cm (potato seed is from face, ridge), then kind of ditch is carried out suppression of soil；Inside 2 row potato seeds, execute 2 row chemical fertilizer simultaneously；The mechanism that fetches earth on planting machine fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 30cm, deep 15cm after fetching earth；The film covering device on the planting machine mulch film to covering wide 138cm with broadcasting simultaneously；Soil in small, broken bits is covered in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planting machine, Fen Tu mechanism, and planting row overlying height is 5cm soil；During next time operation of the full film furrow drill of 2CM-2 type, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving；Disposable complete Mechanization sowing, the suppression operation such as shaping, fertilising, full-film covering, firming。
Experimental example 1: the full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization, the steps include:
(1) front preparation is broadcast
1) selection of land
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, with the plantation of applicable Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and results。Lying prostrate stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing in time after autumn preceding crop is gathered in the crops, adopting 1LF-327 hydraulic reversing plough to plough, tilling depth reaches 28 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools in time after ploughing；To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt 1GQ-140 type rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, for the edaphic condition that overlay film, sowing creation are good；
2) sterilization
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi otch mixes plant ash sterilization；The potato block of well cutting is placed on clean place, then dresses seed with fresh plant ash, make otch be stained with plant ash equably, then plant；Through experiment, after the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi processed in this way seeds into the ground, one can play sterilization, it is to avoid bacterial invasion wound, reduces by rotten kind of phenomenon, reaches Seedling full stand prosperous；Two is that plant ash belongs to potash fertilizer, is Rhizoma Solani tuber osi growth, requisite key element of luming。If spreading fertilizer over the fields plant ash in the furrow planted to do seed manure, and effect of increasing production can becoming apparent from。
(2) mulch sowing
In late April, the full film furrow drill of 2CM-2 type developed by engineering college of Gansu Agriculture University is adopted to sow。Can once complete sowing, fertilising, ridging, suppression shaping, full-film covering, propose soil seat soil integration of operation。Realizing mechanization to carry soil, point soil and film top and sit soil growth-promoting technology, namely above potato seed, film top covers 5cm soil, and solving seedling can not be unearthed and the burn seedlings problem that causes by rupture of membranes。
(3) plant protection
In order to prevent and treat potato blight, introducing Rhizoma Solani tuber osi pest control equipment, improve according to cropping pattern, supporting 20 horsepowers of wheeled tractors, wheel is walked on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is installed by corresponding line-spacing so that it is meet full film furrow bed planting technology。
The key technical indexes:
Spray medicine frame broadening/m6.6；
Spray medicine height/mm400-1000。
(4) results of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
1) harvest time
Frost occurs for mountain area, Dingxi early, and frost-free period is short, for preventing potato block from enduring cold, can after autumn end frost, and overground part major part is withered and yellow, reaches physiological maturity。Leaf complexion changed Huang turns withered；Tuber umbilical part easily departs from stolon；Tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops。
3) seedling is killed
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or soil is wet glues important place block, receives first 3 days (or according to circumstances natural law can be some more again) and cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, it is simple to results。
Seedling killing machine requires: kills clean rate >=95%, does not hinder mulch film。
4) results
The two-stage separate type potato lifter that Gansu Agriculture University develops is adopted to carry out row is excavated, guarantee do not cut and tear up mulch film, make mulch film remain attached on ground, when soil potato separates, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, do not stay residual film。This machine adopts elevator chain type potato soil separating mechanism and one side flexibility Ji Tiao mechanism, meets Rhizoma Solani tuber osi full film furrow agronomy job requirements, once completes skinning, excavation, soil potato separation and lay operation。Digger blade and elevating chain tilt adjustable, oscillation intensity is adjustable, can operation on the heavy soil within moisture content 25%, middle clay and sandy loam, hinder potato rate≤4%, soil separation rate is between 73～81%。
Experimental example 2: below by concrete test, the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of dry farming Potato Mechanization of the present invention full film ditch ridge cultivating method plantation is emerged, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration, the soil moisture, soil moisture content, yield, tuber are turned green degree by earthing on roasting Seedling and film impact is analyzed。
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Adopt randomized block design, repeat 3 times, if 2 process, each process plot area 28m2(10m × 2.8m), every community 160 post, all adopt a film duplicate rows, flat furrow overlay film, both sides, film limit are sowed, totally 6 communities。Film is from 90cm, film web width 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, planting density 3800 plants/acre。Process one (A): not earthing on film, process two (B): on film, earthing (after planting 20d) spreads earthing, thickness of earth covering 3-5cm。Other agronomic measures all identical (wholely, fertilising, kind, field management etc.), and carry out the field operation of equal quality。
2 results and analysis
2.1 Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is emerged, the impact of roasting Seedling
Overlay film Rhizoma Solani tuber osi causes the higher easily roasting Seedling of temperature under film when emerging owing to mulch film accepts sunlight, so, need to carry out artificial film of drawing in time before emerging and put Seedling。As shown in Table 1, on film, earthing will not bake Seedling, and emergence rate all has notable difference than not earthing with Phase ofsprouting。Mainly due to the temperature reduced after earthing under touching。
On table 1 film earthing Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is emerged, the impact of roasting Seedling and Phase ofsprouting
Note: after planting 30d measures and emerges and roasting Seedling rate, and after planting 25d surveys Phase ofsprouting。
The earthing impact on Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration on 2.2 films
As seen from Table 2, on film, earthing period of duration is not long for earthing process ratio, and each growing stage all shifts to an earlier date。This is owing on film, earthing changes environmental ecology somatomedin in the potato growth later stage, it is suppressed that the appearance of the plant senilism phenomenon caused due to overlay film, and performance birth is healthy and strong, period of duration is normal。
On table 2 film earthing on the impact of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi period of duration (unit: the moon. day, d)
The earthing impact on Rhizoma Solani tuber osi economic characters on table 3 film
The earthing impact on potato yield on 2.3 films
From film, on earthing and film, earthing Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is surveyed the result produced and can be seen that (see table 4), and on film, earthing is 8500kg/hm2, with the 10300kg/hm of earthing on film2Compare, on film earthing than on film not earthing volume increase 1800kg/hm2, on film, earthing is than not earthing increase of production 21% on film。In general, on film, earthing does not have certain effect of increasing production compared with earthing with on film。
The earthing impact (JIUYUE 20 days) on potato yield on table 4 film
The earthing impact on the soil moisture on 2.4 films
On table 57 months 1～20 day early 8:00 film, earthing is on the impact of the soil moisture (unit: DEG C)
On table 14:00 film on 67 months 1 noons on the-20th, earthing is on the impact of the soil moisture (unit: DEG C)
On table 20:00 film on 77 months 1 evenings on the-20th, earthing is on the impact of the soil moisture (unit: DEG C)
Ground temperature still is below 25 DEG C。Due to this phase potato ball Stem nematode and expanding stage just, required ground temperature is unfavorable for the growth of potato tubers more than 25 DEG C later, so, on film, earthing is conducive to the growth of potato tubers, expands and the accumulation of starch, on film, earthing ground temperature is not higher than 25 DEG C, it is unfavorable for the growth of potato tubers, expands and the accumulation of starch, have impact on the raising of the yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and commodity rate。
The earthing change to soil moisture content on 2.5 films
By table 8,9 it can be seen that Nonirrigated Potato growth period 0-60cm soil layer soil moisture content has in wavy decline variation tendency with the propelling of fertility, during 2 kinds of planting patterns fertilities, soil average moisture content changes at 12.30%-17.80%。6,7,8, JIUYUE 0-60mm soil average moisture content earthing higher than not earthing, soils remediation technolgy is also that earthing is higher than not earthing。Reduce the sunlight direct projection to mulch film after earthing, reduce the evaporation capacity of soil, so, Sealing soil reservoir storage and soil moisture content are above not earthing, are conducive to potato growth to grow。
The dynamic change of table 8 film overlying native potato fertility period 0～60cm soil moisture content
Fertility period 6～JIUYUE, the 0～60cm soil moisture content change of table 9 film overlying native potato
In sum, the present invention has the advantage that relative to prior art
Dry farming Potato Mechanization full film ditch ridge cultivation in, on film earthing be conducive to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to emerge and prevent mulch film from Rhizoma Solani tuber osi being emerged before roasting Seedling, neat and consistent of emerging；
On film, earthing has delayed the plant senilism caused due to overlay film, makes Rhizoma Solani tuber osi commodity rate, individual plant knot potato weight, individual plant potato heavily etc. all be higher than not overlay film, thus improve the commodity output of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi；
On film, earthing 3-5cm ground temperature is all at 8 DEG C-18 DEG C, is conducive to the growth of potato tubers；
Sealing soil reservoir storage and soil moisture content are above not earthing, are conducive to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi different times to grow；On film, earthing decreases green potato rate, is conducive to improving the commodity rate of potato tubers。
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention。
Claims (2)
1. the full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization, it is characterised in that step is:
(1) front preparation is broadcast:
1) selection of land:
Selection of land requires prepartion of land, and after volt autumn preceding crop results, deep ploughing stubble-cleaning in 10-15 days, adopts pivot plow to plough, and tilling depth reaches 25～30 centimetres, harrows a kind of farm tools after ploughing in 1～2 day；To plough shallowly before sowing, smooth earth's surface, adopt rotary cultivator rotary tillage, tilling depth reaches 15～20 centimetres, accomplish Land leveling, unrooted stubble, without clod, without residual film；
2) sterilization:
The cutter that stripping and slicing uses is sterilized with the potassium permanganate of 0.5%；The potato block of well cutting plant ash is dressed seed, makes otch be stained with plant ash equably, then plant；Or spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash and make base fertilizer in the furrow of plantation；
(2) mulch sowing:
In late April, full film furrow drill is adopted to sow, 2 row, line-spacing 55～60cm, spacing in the rows 25～35cm, depth of planting 10～13cm, then kind of ditch is carried out suppression of soil；Side dressing 2 row chemical fertilizer, line-spacing 55～60cm inside 2 row potato seeds simultaneously；The mechanism that fetches earth on planting machine fetches earth in the middle of 2 row potato seeds, forms the groove of wide 25～30cm, deep 10～15cm after fetching earth；Pass through the film covering device on planting machine with wide 135～140cm mulch film to covering with broadcasting simultaneously；Soil in small, broken bits is covered in furrow and plants on row by the defeated soil on last planting machine, Fen Tu mechanism, and wherein planting row top height to earth up is 3～5cm；During next time operation of full film furrow drill, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes 2 row mulch film gaplesss；Full film furrow drill carries soil casing mechanism film top above potato seed and covers 3-5cm soil；
(3) plant protection: sprayed medicine at after planting 15-20 days；Using wheeled tractor, wheel is walked on micro-ridge, and shower nozzle is arranged by corresponding line-spacing；
(4) results of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi；
1) harvest time:
After autumn end frost, leaf complexion changed Huang turns withered, reaches physiological maturity；Tuber umbilical part easily departs from stolon；Tuber epidermis toughness is big, and cortex is thick, and color and luster is normal, can gather in the crops；
2) seedling is killed:
Normal plot shifts to an earlier date 1 day and stem seedling is cut off；Field humidity is big or soil is wet glues important place block, within 2-5 days, cuts off stem seedling, in order to soil water evaporation, it is simple to results before receiving；Seedling killing machine requires: kills clean rate >=95%, does not hinder mulch film；
3) results:
Adopt two-stage separate type potato lifter that row is excavated, it is ensured that do not cut and tear up mulch film, making mulch film remain attached on ground, when soil potato separates, mulch film is packed up simultaneously, at first order separating mechanism end, mulch film is separated with potato soil, in ground, do not stay residual film。
2. the full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step is:
Described ground film thickness is 0.008～0.012mm, and width is 135～140cm；
Described seeder potato seed side fertilising, line-spacing 55～60cm；
Described seeder dose is 30～70 kgs/acre；
Described film top earthing takes from wide 25～30cm, deep 10～15cm furrow in the middle of potato seed；
Described earthing is that 135～140cm mulch film carries out furrow firming, and planting the upper height to earth up of row is 3～5cm；
When described full-film covering is next time operation of seeder, half land wheel is pressed on the 15cm broadly film limit covered, and makes mutually overlay film gapless before leaving。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410482464.0A CN104221682B (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2014-09-19 | The full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410482464.0A CN104221682B (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2014-09-19 | The full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104221682A CN104221682A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| CN104221682B true CN104221682B (en) | 2016-06-22 |
Family
ID=52211305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410482464.0A Active CN104221682B (en) | 2014-09-19 | 2014-09-19 | The full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104221682B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105875130A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-08-24 | 华池县农业技术推广中心 | Whole-film double-furrow side seeding technology for soybeans in arid land |
| CN104904450A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-16 | 韩文贺 | Spring potato film earthing planting method |
| CN105557275A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Potato riding, film-covering and planting method |
| CN105052524A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-18 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Planting method for interplanting potatoes in young orchard |
| CN105684692B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2018-09-25 | 西南大学 | A kind of non-irrigated three ripe interplanting methods of the potato/corn being suitable for machine receipts/sweet potato |
| CN106472092A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-08 | 西昌学院 | One kind safely and efficiently potato sowing method |
| CN106879340A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-23 | 平凉市农业科学院 | Flax film lateral sulcus broadcasts mechanized farming method |
| CN107517704A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-29 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of method of Dryland Mechanization sowing herbage volume increase |
| CN107509565A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2017-12-26 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of row broadcasts garlic sprouts bud film breaking machine |
| WO2019113991A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-20 | 南通市通州区十总镇益胜农机专业合作社 | Mechanized potato full-film furrow-ridge cultivation method |
| CN108668582A (en) * | 2018-03-17 | 2018-10-19 | 定西市种子管理站 | A kind of new-type fertilizer compounding application method in the full film potato planting in Dryland |
| CN108990443A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-14 | 甘肃洮河拖拉机制造有限公司 | The full film-laying machine of soil list furrow in rotary tillage |
| CN108901732A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method |
| CN109831961A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-06-04 | 李涛 | A kind of irrigated area high-efficiency water-saving Potato Mechanization ridge film furrow irrigation implantation methods |
| CN109804752A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-05-28 | 李涛 | A kind of entire mechanization production method of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture |
| CN112889374B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2024-04-30 | 滨州学院 | Full-automatic integrated machine for cultivating, transplanting, watering, fertilizing and ridging |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101822162A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-09-08 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Full film double-furrow seeding method |
| CN103460967A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Micro-ridge film-mulched side-sown agronomic method for dry farming potatoes |
-
2014
- 2014-09-19 CN CN201410482464.0A patent/CN104221682B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101822162A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-09-08 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Full film double-furrow seeding method |
| CN103460967A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Micro-ridge film-mulched side-sown agronomic method for dry farming potatoes |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 临洮县马铃薯全膜双垄沟播栽培技术;苏仲华;《甘肃农业科技》;20121231(第8期);52-53 * |
| 旱地马铃薯全膜双垄沟播栽培增产效果简报;郭正昆等;《甘肃农业科技》;20081231(第4期);23-24 * |
| 旱地马铃薯全膜垄沟转换高产栽培技术;王本辉等;《中国蔬菜》;20111231(第3期);49-50 * |
| 马铃薯三膜覆盖栽培技术;刘伟;《中国园艺文摘》;20111231(第9期);175-176 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104221682A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104221682B (en) | The full film ditch ridge cultivating method of dry farming Potato Mechanization | |
| CN102986405B (en) | Planting technology of potato-rice multiple cropping mode | |
| CN101180935B (en) | Flavescent sophora root growth and processing technology | |
| CN105340514A (en) | Efficient cultivation method for increasing yield and starch content of canna edulis | |
| CN103081697B (en) | Paddy rice direct seeding light cultivation method | |
| CN105230319A (en) | High-yield planting method for pumpkins | |
| CN105027947A (en) | Efficient cultivating method suitable for stereoscopic planting of South peonies for oil extraction and pear trees | |
| CN104303771B (en) | Potato layering knot potato cultural method | |
| CN108901732A (en) | Potato Mechanization full-film covering, kind row earthing, furrow cultural method | |
| CN103733857A (en) | High-yield potato cultivating method | |
| CN106386114A (en) | Oilseed rape seedling-raising transplanting method | |
| CN104041275A (en) | Spring corn planting method in rain-fed dry-farming area of Heilonggang area | |
| CN108739207A (en) | Flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation method | |
| CN104285658A (en) | Method for planting teasel roots and tartary buckwheat in relay intercropping mode | |
| CN104938168A (en) | Half-height ridge mulching and self-germination type potato cultivation method | |
| CN103583195A (en) | Plastic-film cultivation method of corn | |
| CN103493653A (en) | No-tillage method for cultivating potatoes through straw mulching | |
| CN105284371A (en) | Planting method for improving yield of Radix Scrophulariae | |
| CN103190261A (en) | Mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes | |
| CN104904466A (en) | Planting method for herba epimedii | |
| CN109169111A (en) | A kind of potato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method | |
| CN105850434A (en) | Cultivation method of Moringa oleifera interline interplanting with Orthosiphon aristatus | |
| CN103703973B (en) | A kind of breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis | |
| CN105746111A (en) | Crop rotation method of taros and brassica campestris | |
| CN1136764C (en) | Rice transplanting dry farming cultivation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |