CN105284371A - Planting method for improving yield of Radix Scrophulariae - Google Patents
Planting method for improving yield of Radix Scrophulariae Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284371A CN105284371A CN201510747574.XA CN201510747574A CN105284371A CN 105284371 A CN105284371 A CN 105284371A CN 201510747574 A CN201510747574 A CN 201510747574A CN 105284371 A CN105284371 A CN 105284371A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for improving yield of Radix Scrophulariae. The problem that a traditional fertilizing method for Radix Scrophulariae in the prior art is low in fertilizer absorption rate is solved. The planting method comprises the following steps: seed selecting, land selection and soil preparation, planting, fertilizing, preventing and treating of plant diseases and insect pests and harvesting. A perforating injection applying mode serves as a main fertilizing mode, fertilizers can rapidly reach a soil layer of a root system of the Radix Scrophulariae, so that direct nutrient absorption of the Radix Scrophulariae is facilitated. The method adopts macroelement water-soluble fertilizers containing as main applied fertilizers, so that nutrition is comprehensive, and nutrition absorption rate is high. Compared with a traditional mode, the whole planting method has the features that absorption rate of nutrition elements is greatly improved, and the yield of the Radix Scrophulariae is also greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
Traditional Chinese medicine field of planting of the present invention, a kind of implantation methods improving radix scrophulariae output of specific design.
Background technology
Radix scrophulariae is perennial herb.Plant height 90cm ~ 160cm.Underground block root manure is large, conically or spindle, and the normal bifurcated in bottom, crust sallow or taupe.Stem is upright, and four prismatics, have rill.Inferior leads is to life, and upper leaf is alternate sometimes, tool short handle, avette oval to ovum shape, long 7cm ~ 20cm, wide 3.5cm ~ 12cm, tip point, basal circular or closely cut shape, the fine and closely woven sawtooth of edge tool, close raw fine, soft fur on blade back or tender stem.Cyme is evacuated in top, the long 1cm ~ 3cm of total bennet, and rhachis and bennet are all by glandular hairs; Long 2cm ~ the 3cm of calyx, 5 split and severally reach base portion, sliver subcircular, edge film quality; Corolla mulberry, long 8mm ~ 9mm, the oblique gyalectiform in pipe portion, top 5 is split, above 2 slivers longer and large, side 2 sliver takes second place, below 1 sliver minimum; Can educate 4 pieces, stamen, staminodium 1 piece, subcircular, adhesion is on corolla pipe; Ovary is upper, and Room 2, style is elongated.Capsule, ovoid, long 8mm ~ 9mm, the short point of tip.July at florescence ~ August, fruit the phase August ~ September.
Investigate according to modern medicine, radix scrophulariae has reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, softening blood vessel, prevention of cardiac, cerebral thrombus, effect of the treatment such as arteriosclerosis cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, it has the irreplaceable effect of Western medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular chronic diseases, the parent being more and more subject to consumer looks at, extend volume growth just gradually, Nanjing Jinling Pharmaceutical Factory produce as hemangiectasis, improve microcirculation, increase CBF and anticoagulation, thrombus dissolving is the clinical treatment peripheral vessels of main pharmacological, the national Chinese medicine protection medicine MAILUONING ZHUSHEYE of cerebrovascular occlusion disease, one of its main component is exactly Studying Chinese Crude Drug Figwort root, according to the statistics display of traditional Chinese medicine sky earth mat information centre, the market demand of national radix scrophulariae in 2010 is more than 7000 tons, 2012 end of the years just increased more than 20000 tons, so its market prospects are boundless.The producing region of radix scrophulariae is mainly distributed in the ground such as Henan, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and the radix scrophulariae of most domestic main producing region does per mu yield at about 300 kilograms according to investigations, can not meet the demand in market far away.
In the process of present plantation radix scrophulariae, comprise seed selection, selection of land wholely, plantation, fertilising, the several step of the extermination of disease and insect pest, and in the process of fertilising, if apply liquid fertilizer, as fecaluria and so on, normally directly water and be sprinkling upon on radix scrophulariae surface soil, go down from the infiltration of table soil, for the nutrition of radix scrophulariae root absorption, but be individual process slowly due to this, running into rains is easy to cause the loss of fertilizer.If apply solid kind fertilizer, as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, in being directly manured into soil in conjunction with farming before sowing, be then vegetative period open banded wide ditch in the field of radix scrophulariae plantation at radix scrophulariae, fertilizer applied in ditch, because solid-state fertilizer needs the process of a slow releasing and dissolving, could absorb by radix scrophulariae, not only the time cycle is longer, and when water deficient in soil, just cannot discharge and dissolve the whole nutrients contained in fertilizer completely.As the volatile fertilizer such as nitrogenous fertilizer all need deep placement, avoid the volatilization of nitrogen to run off, but radix scrophulariae root system only has tens centimetres, relatively shallow, therefore radix scrophulariae well cannot absorb the nutrient of this kind of fertilizer.The existence of these problems, make to adopt traditional fertilization mode, radix scrophulariae is lower for the absorption ratio of fertilizer, can not meet radix scrophulariae normal growth and grows the nutrition needed, cause radix scrophulariae to yield poorly.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to provide a kind of implantation methods improving radix scrophulariae output, adopt traditional fertilization method, the problem that the absorption ratio for fertilizer is low to solve present radix scrophulariae.
Improve an implantation methods for radix scrophulariae output, comprise seed selection, selection of land wholely, plantation, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results, described fertilising comprises double teacher:
1) in the process on whole ground, the phosphobacterin of every mu of use 1.5 ~ 2.5kg and azotobacteria fertilizer are mixed in 400kg fertilizer, coordinate real tillage, mix with soil;
2) after planting earthing, potassium chloride and fused calcium magnesium phosphate are dissolved in the water, obtain water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer, wherein each constituent content is 20% potassium, 33% phosphorus, 0.6% magnesium, 0.9% calcium, the other perforate in cave, and 0.5kg water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer is injected in every hole;
3) when the neat seedling of radix scrophulariae, in the other punching of strain, fill up in hole by the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, earthing covers hole;
4) as height of seedling 30 ~ 35cm, in the other punching of strain, be dissolved in the water by macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, obtain mixed aqueous solution, then in hand-hole, 0.6kg is injected in every hole;
5), when bud appears in radix scrophulariae, in the other punching of strain, be dissolved in the water by macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, obtain mixed aqueous solution, then in hand-hole, 0.5kg is injected in every hole.
Adopt the beneficial effect of this programme:
In the process on whole ground, add phosphobacterin fertilizer and azotobacteria fertilizer, improve soil structure and fertility.Phosphobacterin fertilizer can impel in soil and can not be converted into available phosphorus by the organic of crop utilization or Inorganic phosphorus compound, thus improves the phosphorus nourishing in soil, can absorb phosphorus rapidly after radix scrophulariae is planted.Azotobacteria fertilizer can utilize the organic matter of the organic matter in soil or root system secretion to make carbon source, fix the nitrogen in air, or directly utilize inorganic nitrogen compound in soil, be converted into the absorbable ammonia of Scrophulariaceae, and then provide synthetic protein necessary nitrogen nutrition for it, and relatively reduce the usage amount of nitrogenous fertilizer thus, avoid a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that uses to the pollution of soil.
Potassium chloride and fused calcium magnesium phosphate are dissolved in the water, obtain water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer, suffer because various element has all been dissolved in water, more easily directly absorbed by radix scrophulariae, be dissolved in soil without the need to needing oneself as solid fertilizer and could be absorbed by radix scrophulariae, applied by the mode of punching injection again, the position at root system place can be entered fast, prevent and water according to liquid state the mode of spreading, the loss of fertilizer process of osmosis in soil, fast obviously, radix scrophulariae absorbs more sufficient, therefore higher for its absorption ratio in effect.
By the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, fill up in the other uniform hole of post, such fertilizer has distribution at the every aspect of soil, and in the process of growth of radix scrophulariae, root system can constantly increase, therefore such fertilization mode, and root system constantly can absorb nutrient, is convenient to it and absorbs.
Macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is a kind of full water-soluble fertilizer of multielement that can be completely water-soluble, it can promptly be dissolved in the water, wherein not only there is macroelement nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), also has micronutrient boron (B), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), each element ratio follows Chinese agriculture professional standard NY1107-2010, nutritious and comprehensive, the nutritional need of radix scrophulariae different growing stages can be provided, be dissolved in the water to plough and be easy to absorb, absorption rate is also relatively high, utilization rate of fertilizer is 2-3 times of conventional composite chemical fertilizer, comprehensive nutrition, consumption is few, instant effect.And if such water-soluble fertilizer adopts traditional mode of executing of watering to apply fertilizer, nutrient component damages is comparatively large, and adopts the punching injection type of this programme to apply mode, can arrive the soil horizon at root system place fast, be convenient to the direct absorption of radix scrophulariae.
Adopt the fertilization mode of this programme, rationally sufficient nutritive element can be provided in each stage of radix scrophulariae plantation, and according to the collocation in each stage, meet the growth needs of radix scrophulariae different times, and the punching injection system in this programme, namely the hole of several certain sizes is beaten plant, by in fertilizer hand-hole, each edaphic fertility is not only made to have increase, and greatly reduce the loss of nutrient component, more traditional fertilization mode, adds the absorption rate of fertilizer, makes the output of radix scrophulariae increase.
Further, above-mentioned stage 2) to 5) hole depth be 15 ~ 23cm, aperture is 4cm, and direction is straight down, is positioned at root system side 4 ~ 5cm place.15 ~ 23cm is the place soil region of root system, fertilizer is applied in this degree of depth, the abundant absorption of root system can be ensured, hole straight down, and is positioned at root system side, and the direct passing hole of fertilizer can be made to arrive the place soil horizon of root system, fastest, effective, being positioned at root system side 4 ~ 5cm is that absorption too far away is insufficient in order to prevent fertilizer distance root system from too closely causing flooding seedling.
Further, also comprise sterilisation step between described seed selection and the whole ground of selection of land, the sub-bud being about to choose immerses and fills in the bucket of 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, and the sub-bud of submergence answered by liquid, soaks 30min ~ 50min, pull out dry for subsequent use.Carbendazim is a kind of broad-spectrum germicide, have good killing effect to multiple by fungi (as imperfect fungus, many sac fungis), and use extensively, safety is high, test proves, through the sub-bud of disinfecting, after plantation, can less by the impact of damage by disease and insect, it is more vigorous that growing state is not also comparatively sterilized, higher to the absorption ratio of nutrient component, root system expands, and output is higher.
Embodiment
Control group:
Utilize traditional method plantation radix scrophulariae, step is as follows:
1) choose seeds: select disease-free, sturdy, lateral bud is few, the white indefinite bud of long 3-4 centimetre;
2) selection of land wholely: selection soil layer is deep, draining good, loose fertile sand loam, every mu of manuring or compost 1500-2500 kilogram make base fertilizer, add soil, coordinate real tillage, with soil interacting depth 30cm ~ 40cm, after leveling rake is thin, furrow surface is arc, the wide 120cm of furrow, furrow width 25cm;
3) plant: during late January mid-December to next year, on ready furrow face, open cave by distance between rows and hills 35 × 35 centimetres, the dark 10cm in cave, every cave to be put kind and is planted 1, makes kind to plant bud head upwards, flush uneven tail during earthing, and ground answers height to sprout a 3cm;
4) apply fertilizer: carry out three fertilisings in the vegetative period of radix scrophulariae, execute the 1st fertilizer after neat seedling, every mu applies fecaluria 500-1000 kilogram, impels growth of seedling.When height of seedling 30 ~ 35 centimetres, carry out the 2nd fertilising, every seedling executes night soil 1000-1500 kilogram, barnyard manure 1500 kilograms, impels the prosperous length of plant on the ground.July, early and middle ten days radix scrophulariae came into bloom, and carry out the 3rd fertilising, every mu of ditch spread superphosphate 50 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, executes rear blinding, expands to impel radix scrophulariae block root;
5) extermination of disease and insect pest: carry out water management, timely draining when rainfall is large, removes weeds in field, and damage by disease and insect initial stage of origination is removed the sick leaf of diseased plant in time and had worm branches and leaves, takes out of outside field and destroys.After radix scrophulariae results, clean rural area.Crop rotation answered by radix scrophulariae, should with shift of crops such as grass family 2 years ~ 3 years.Can not with the shift of crops such as Chinese cabbage, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, the root of herbaceous peony.Select the agricultural chemicals of counterpart to prevent and treat, table 1 is the main damage by disease and insect of radix scrophulariae and occurrent time thereof, and the agricultural chemicals of correspondence:
6) gather in the crops: after the Beginning of Winter, when wither on the ground by cauline leaf for radix scrophulariae, select fine day to excavate.First prescind cane, dig pine stump border surrounding soil, radix scrophulariae has been dug, cut block root with instruments such as stainless steel knife or bamboo instruments, transport block root back indoor processing.
Embodiment 1
The difference of embodiment 1 and control group is only: choosing seeds and increasing sterilisation step between the whole ground of selection of land, namely choose after planting, immersed by the sub-bud chosen and fill in the bucket of 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, the sub-bud of submergence answered by liquid, soak 30min ~ 50min, pull out dry for subsequent use.All the other steps are all identical.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is only with the difference of embodiment 1: by embodiment 1, during selection of land whole ground, every mu of manuring or 1500 ~ 2500 kilograms, compost make base fertilizer, replace with: during selection of land whole ground, the phosphobacterin of every mu of use 1.5 ~ 2.5kg and azotobacteria fertilizer are mixed in 400kg fertilizer, add soil.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 is only with the difference of embodiment 2: potassium chloride and fused calcium magnesium phosphate are dissolved in the water after planting earthing, obtain water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer, wherein each constituent content is 20% potassium, 33% phosphorus, 0.6% magnesium, 0.9% calcium, limit, cave perforate straight down 3, hole depth 15cm, aperture 4cm, is positioned at root system side 5cm place, and 0.5kg water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer is injected in every hole.
Embodiment 4
Embodiment 4 is only with the difference of embodiment 3: by embodiment 3, the 1st fertilizer is executed after Qi Miao, every mu applies fecaluria 500-1000 kilogram, replace with: when the neat seedling of radix scrophulariae, punch 4 straight down in strain is other, hole depth 17cm, aperture 4cm, be positioned at root system side 5cm place, fill up in hole by the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, earthing covers hole.
Embodiment 5
Embodiment 5 is only with the difference of embodiment 4: by enforcement 4, when height of seedling 30 ~ 35 centimetres, carries out the 2nd fertilising, every seedling executes night soil 1000-1500 kilogram, barnyard manure 1500 kilograms, replaces with: as height of seedling 30 ~ 35cm, punches 4 straight down in strain is other, hole depth 20cm, aperture 4cm, is positioned at root system side 5cm place, macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is dissolved in suitable quantity of water, then, in hand-hole, 0.6kg is injected in every hole.
Embodiment 6:
Implement 6 to be only with the difference of embodiment 5: by embodiment 5, July, early and middle ten days radix scrophulariae came into bloom, carry out the 3rd fertilising, every mu of ditch spread superphosphate 50 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, executes rear blinding, replace with: during radix scrophulariae bud, punch 4 straight down in strain is other, hole depth 23cm, aperture 4cm, be positioned at root system side 5cm place, macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is dissolved in suitable quantity of water, then, in hand-hole, 0.5kg is injected in every hole.
Choose 7 mu of soils, adopt the method for above-mentioned control group and embodiment 1 to 6 to plant respectively, after each fertilising, test radix scrophulariae respectively to the 30d absorption ratio of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and after results, weigh respectively, obtain data as shown in table 2:
As shown in Table 2, along with in the present invention, each fertilising step increases gradually, through five fertilisings, the absorption of radix scrophulariae to nutrition reaches the highest, apply fertilizer again afterwards, absorption ratio no longer increases, namely by fertilising step of the present invention, the output of radix scrophulariae can be promoted, adopt the punching injection system in the present invention in addition, more traditional pouring mode, more be conducive to the quick absorption of root system to nutritive element, use water soluble fertilizer also more reasonable and abundant than the collocation of traditional solid fertilizer nutritive element, and nutrition is dissolved in the water, be convenient to the direct absorption of radix scrophulariae, therefore its absorption ratio is relatively higher.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and in scheme, the general knowledge such as known concrete structure and characteristic does not do too much description at this.Should be understood that; for a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from structure of the present invention, some distortion and improvement can also be made; these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these all can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.The protection domain that this application claims should be as the criterion with the content of its claim, and the embodiment in specification etc. record the content that may be used for explaining claim.
Claims (3)
1. improve an implantation methods for radix scrophulariae output, comprise seed selection, selection of land wholely, plantation, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results, it is characterized in that, described fertilising comprises double teacher:
In the process on whole ground, the phosphobacterin of every mu of use 1.5 ~ 2.5kg and azotobacteria fertilizer are mixed in 400kg fertilizer, coordinate real tillage, mix with soil;
After plantation earthing, potassium chloride and fused calcium magnesium phosphate are dissolved in the water, obtain water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer, wherein each constituent content is 20% potassium, 33% phosphorus, 0.6% magnesium, 0.9% calcium, the other perforate in cave, and 0.5kg water-soluble potassium phosphorus composite fertilizer is injected in every hole;
When the neat seedling of radix scrophulariae, in the other punching of strain, fill up in hole by the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, earthing covers hole;
As height of seedling 30 ~ 35cm, in the other punching of strain, be dissolved in the water by macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, obtain mixed aqueous solution, then in hand-hole, 0.6kg is injected in every hole;
When bud appears in radix scrophulariae, in the other punching of strain, be dissolved in the water by macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, obtain mixed aqueous solution, then in hand-hole, 0.5kg is injected in every hole.
2. a kind of implantation methods improving radix scrophulariae output according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described stage 2) to 5) hole be 3 ~ 4 good, hole depth is 15 ~ 23cm, and aperture is 4cm, and direction is straight down, is positioned at root system side 4 ~ 5cm place.
3. a kind of implantation methods improving radix scrophulariae output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also sterilisation step is comprised between described seed selection and the whole ground of selection of land, the sub-bud being about to choose immerses and fills in the bucket of 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, the sub-bud of submergence answered by liquid, soak 30min ~ 50min, pull out dry for subsequent use.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN106465640A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-01 | 道真仡佬族苗族自治县瑞发农业科技开发有限公司 | Radix Scrophulariae implantation methods |
| CN107624578A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市庆军家庭农场 | A kind of sowing implantation methods for improving radix scrophulariae active constituent content |
| CN108617449A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-09 | 道真仡佬族苗族自治县瑞发农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of radix scrophulariae |
| CN109429965A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-08 | 山东中医药大学 | A kind of cultivation management method for reducing Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pest and disease damage and occurring |
| CN110214613A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-09-10 | 四川战友兴农科技有限公司 | A kind of red kiwi fruit is improved the soil cultivating superior high-yield method of applying fertilizer |
| CN111887088A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-06 | 北京京彩弘景园林工程有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating yellowing of leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106465640A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-01 | 道真仡佬族苗族自治县瑞发农业科技开发有限公司 | Radix Scrophulariae implantation methods |
| CN107624578A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市庆军家庭农场 | A kind of sowing implantation methods for improving radix scrophulariae active constituent content |
| CN108617449A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-09 | 道真仡佬族苗族自治县瑞发农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of radix scrophulariae |
| CN109429965A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-08 | 山东中医药大学 | A kind of cultivation management method for reducing Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pest and disease damage and occurring |
| CN110214613A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-09-10 | 四川战友兴农科技有限公司 | A kind of red kiwi fruit is improved the soil cultivating superior high-yield method of applying fertilizer |
| CN111887088A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-06 | 北京京彩弘景园林工程有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating yellowing of leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim |
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