SU738551A1 - Method of cultivating seed potato at seed production centers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to seed farming of potatoes, and can be used in the propagation of clonal, super-superelite, and other seed material and in the propagation of breeding material in the development of new varieties of potatoes.

There is a method of growing potatoes with a square-nesting method of planting 70 X 70 cm, 2-3 tuber in nest 1.

In order to produce the original seed potatoes, this method is unacceptable, since, when the primary material is blended, each source plant that gives rise to offspring, must be grown and tested separately from the others.

The known method of intensive multiplication of potatoes at the first stage of seed production under cutting and intensive hilling conditions 2.

In this method, reproduction in order to increase the multiplication factor, the initial tubers after harvesting in August-September are treated with rindite and smoothed. After the formation of stable sprouts, the tubers are placed at 20-22 ° C and a relative humidity of 80-90% in

a room where, a week later, the lighting of lamps of 1500-2000 lux alternates with periods of dimming. The upper part of sprouts 2-3 cm long is cut off and this causes them to strengthen branching. The preliminary, but germinated tubers immersed in a special solution that increases the branching sprouts. In March, the shoots are divided into pieces and rooted on wet filtered paper at 27 ° C and relative humidity and on the fourth day they are transferred to a mixture of peat and earth.

10 From one tuber, 80-150 seedlings are obtained, of which sprout plants are grown in greenhouses in greenhouses. After the termination of night frosts, these plants are planted in open ground,

15 moreover, at planting, they are laid horizontally and covered with soil so that the leaves and the tops of the shoot remain uncovered. At a height of 15-20 cm, the plants begin several times the hemming, which

20 continue until ripening. In this way, a stepped formation of a ridge is achieved, in which the boring plant, due to the violation of apical dominance, releases lateral shoots

on which additional stolons begin to form. With the help of grafting and maximum hilling, the multiplication factor is increased from 1: 250 to 1: 7000.

The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the preliminary work, which is unacceptable in large-scale production.

The known production method of accelerated reproduction of the initial seed material is tuberous units 3. In this method, large tubers in each clone are cut into several pieces, leaving 1-2 eyes on each piece. All the pieces from the cut tuber constituting the tuberous unit are placed in a paper bag with the clone number. Packages from one clone are placed in a separate container. Borders between clones at planting are marked with pegs, and tuberous units are separated from each other by gaps. As a result of cutting the tubers, the clone yield in the nursery of the first year rises from 7–9 kg to 10–14 kg. In the next (third) year of cultivation in the nursery of a super-super-elite under the conditions of a 1: 5 breeding coefficient, 50 to 70 kg of super-super-elite are obtained from this amount of material. In order to produce 100 tons of supersuperlity, at least 1300 original bushes will be planted in the first year of cultivation. The superelite is produced on the 4th and elite of potatoes on the 5th year of cultivation.

The disadvantage of the intended method is the low yield of seed material, as a result of which the need for a larger number of original bushes, the generators of clones, increases. When cutting seed tubers, there is a danger of infection entering the primary seed, which requires additional measures to eliminate this danger.

A well-known industrial method of growing seed potatoes in primary seed breeding plants for bugs of the original plants is known, including laying and seeding whole tubers and caring for plants under the conditions of common agricultural technology of potatoes and harvesting clones, and the distance between plants ranges from 30 to 40 cm and the width between the rows is 70 cm 4. From growing and selecting the original bushes (parent promoters of clones) to producing a super-super-elite of potatoes, seed is checked and propagated from 3 to 5 years, and elites receive 4-7 years of growing. The number of tubers in the yield of one source bush according to the planned method is on average no more than 10 5. The crop of clones in the second year of cultivation (in the first year nursery for testing) an average of 90 tubers (with an estimated weight of tubers 100 g to 9 kg) and

in the third year of pulling (in the nursery of the second year), 500 tubers, i.e. up to 50 kg of seed material. In order to obtain 100 tons of super-super-elites, it will be necessary to select in the first year of cultivation and

separate separately according to the four-year pattern of release of the elite 2100, according to five years, 900, six-year, 400, and seven-year, 200 original bushes.

The disadvantages of the generally used production method are as follows.

0 Potato shrubs when planted in rows from 30 to 40 and between rows of 70 cm grow together both in rows and between the spaces relatively early, as a result of which the possibility of examining each of the plants separately worsens, and this contributes to the distribution of material, in quality inappropriate primary seed production.

The multiplication factors are insufficient with this method. To get 100t

0 super-super elites require more than 200 original plants and long reproduction periods (6-7 years).

The purpose of the present invention is to increase the yield and quality of seed potatoes.

The goal is achieved by laying the tubers through one furrow with a distance between the planted furrows of 120-150 cm and the distance between the tubers in the furrow of 20-120 cm, and in the process of leaving after the appearance of the shoots, the stalks of bushes repeatedly diluted to the side and covered with soil from non-planted ridges with the formation of grooved ridges along rows of plants.

The drawing shows schematically the method of propagation of seed potatoes in nurseries of primary seed production (1-8). The method is carried out as follows.

Q The clone nursery is placed on a flat, well-fertilized sandy, sandy or slightly loamy soil. Planting material (clone tubers) is laid in deep paired furrows with a distance of 20–120 cm in rows (in clone

i in the nursery from 70 to 120 cm, and in the super-super-elite and in other nurseries 20-50 cm) with inter-row spacing from 120 to 15O cm (1). When covered, the ridges are cut flat to better collect precipitation and warmth.

JJ Sun (2). Care until the emergence of shoots ordinary. Before the emergence of seedlings spud moshno (3). During the occurrence of sprouting, empty ridges are eliminated with a special unit that prepares the first tractor wheels, and empty soil

Claims (1)

the furrows with another aggregate are transferred to rows of plants, forming along the sides of the rows of plants grooves that collect precipitation with the aim of improving the water regime of planting (4). Hilling on sandy soils is carried out in rainy weather during rains, on sandy and perennial soils after the rain has stopped, as soon as the soil becomes cultivated. The resulting young shoots of bushes 15–25 cm in height are directed in different directions, in the middle of the bush they fill in damp ground and repeat the ridging with a special unit. After a week, sleep of the bushes and hilling with a special unit is repeated (5). After this, the hilling is carried out weekly (6). As a result of repeated earthing ups, the lateral sediment gutters are transferred closer and closer to the center on the growing powerful grooves. Plants are provided with additional reserves of moisture and nutrients. By deep hilling, the stalks of the bushes make them abundantly branched and the assimilative surface of the leaves increases. Many new roots and stolons are formed (7). This method of planting provides improved conditions for illuminating and leveling plants. This eliminates the possibility of the occurrence of late blight, fomoz and other fungal diseases, as well as contact transmissions of viral infections before serodiagnosis and the removal of latent virus carriers. The tops are removed before harvesting. The bushes selected on the original clones with an increased number of tubers (8) are manually harvested in a marked container and used for planting using a special technique. The crop of the remaining plants is harvested by a specially adapted combine or potato digger, stored in containers and allowed into the production of super-super elites. In experiments conducted at the Belarusian Research Institute of Potato and Fruit and Vegetable Growing, from one source tuber (depending on the characteristics of the variety, on fertility, fertility and soil cultivation and on the timeliness and quality of plant care), an average of 20 to 60 -and more tubers, with a total weight of 2 to b kg and more of the original material per bush, i.e. from one original bush, an average of 40 tubers (4 kg). In the second year, in the nursery, the first year clones are grown on an average of 40 bushes, giving together 1600 tubers with a total weight of 160 kg. Of this amount, in the third year of cultivation, 6000–8000 tubers with a weight of 6–8 quintals of supersuperelite material are obtained. When the multiplication factor in the nursery of a super-super-elite is 1: 5, to obtain 100 tons of super-super-elites, 625 source bushes are selected, i.e., more than twice - three times less than the amount needed when using well-known methods of planting and growing bugs in cut tuber mi or whole tuber .mi and half as much as when prsddke tuberous units. According to the proposed method, 100 tons of super-super-elites are produced in the third year of cultivation, i.e., 3-4 years earlier than the conventional method of cultivation. The high reproductive efficiency of the proposed method (the multiplication factors under the conditions of collective and state farm production from 1: 20 to 1: 60 allow, in comparison with conventional methods, to obtain from small numbers of selected initial plants by mechanized production in the shortest time of cultivation quantities of seed material with low labor and material costs. Formula of the invention The method of growing seed potatoes in seed nurseries, including the laying of Bnei into the furrows, embedding them with the formation of ridges and caring for plants, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield and quality of seed potatoes, tubers are planted through a single furrow with a distance between 120-150 cm planted furrows and tubers in the furrow of 20-120 cm, and in the process of leaving after the emergence of shoots, the stalks of the bushes are repeatedly diluted to the sides and covered with soil from unplanted ridges with the formation of grooved ridges along rows of plants. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Sb. “Potatoes, M., 1953, p. 285. 2.i. Natapp. Intensivvermehung der Kartoffel in .der Stufe der Erhaltungzrucht in the collection of works “Ziemniak. Potatoes The Potato. Materialy z symposjum "Hodowla i nasiennictwo Ziemniaka RWPG) Bonin, 1974. 3. Pisarev B. et al. Schemes of growing super-elites and elite of new varieties. “Potatoes and Vegetables, 1977, No. 7, p. 5-8. 4.Pisarev B. The book about potatoes. M., 1947, p. 191 - 194. 5. Zykin A. Four. Hletn scheme of growing potato elite. -Sat. “Potatoes and Vegetables, 1975, No. 6, p. 15 (prototype).