JP6250861B1 - Seedling production method - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to increase the yield of high-quality fruits while reducing the amount of work after replanting. A method for producing seedlings in which seedlings are grafted after replanting seedlings of seedlings, and when the soil to which the rootstock is replanted is not a predetermined weak acidity, the acidity of the soil is set to a predetermined value. It includes an acidity adjustment step for adjusting to weak acidity, and a basic fertilization step for applying a feed containing soybeans and corn to the soil as a basic fertilizer before replanting the rootstock. [Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing seedlings.

  Some plants make edible fruits after the flowers bloom. For example, Satsuma mandarin, which is one of the edible fruits, is bred by grafting, and the sugar content is improved by multi-cultivation that covers the soil with multi-sheets such as polyethylene film. It has been done to ship fruit of the shape. Many planting distances suitable for increasing the yield of high-quality fruits have also been proposed. As described above, various techniques and methods are applied to the plants that bear fruits in order to improve the quality and increase the yield.

  For example, when planting Citrus unshiu, it has been proposed that the planting distance be about 3.6 m × about 5.5 m and that the number of plants per about 10a be 50 (for example, Non-patent document 1). Also, Unshu mikan has been proposed to increase the number of plants to be planted, enabling harvesting equivalent to mature trees from the time of young trees, and dense planting cultivation in which thinning is carried out when trees become large and overcrowded.

Goro Takahashi, “citrus”, Sakurakai Press, Taisho 15th, p. 115-116

  For example, in conventional cultivation of Citrus unshiu, the main trunk was cut back and the roots were cut down on the seedlings, and a large planting hole for planting one by one was dug and planted. In addition, many operations were required after planting, such as pruning, laying multi-sheets, and annual fruit picking. In addition, conventionally, in order to increase the yield sufficiently, it is necessary to grow a large tree, and there is a problem that it takes time until the yield increases. In addition, when the trees grew large, it was difficult to harvest the fruits from high places. In the past, the results were often biennial.

  An object of this invention is to provide the production method of the seedling which makes it possible to increase the yield of a fruit with good quality, reducing the amount of work after transplanting.

  A seedling production method according to an aspect of the present invention is a seedling production method in which a seedling is grafted after transplanting a seedling rootstock, and the soil to which the rootstock is transplanted is not a predetermined weak acidity The acidity adjustment step of adjusting the acidity of the soil to a predetermined weak acidity, and the original fertilization step of fertilizing the soil with feed containing soybeans and corn as the original fertilizer before replanting the rootstock, It is characterized by including. Thereby, protein, cytokinin, and auxin can be effectively provided to the rootstock, and the seedling can be tilted to reproductive growth.

  Moreover, in the seedling production method according to an aspect of the present invention, the rootstock includes a stock fertilization step in which fertilization is performed only during a period other than the rooting period, only at a predetermined position away from a seedling stock in a predetermined direction. It is produced by a method. Thereby, since it can prevent giving a fertilizer with a high density | concentration to a root, and the shift | offset | difference of the rooting time by a fertilizer can be prevented, root growth can be promoted. Also, the direction in which the roots extend can be directed to a predetermined direction.

  The present invention can increase the yield of high-quality fruits while reducing the amount of work after replanting.

It is a figure which shows an example of the form of cultivation of the mandarin tree by the cultivation method of citrus concerning one Embodiment. (A) is a figure which shows the seedling of the mandarin orange in an Example. (B) is a figure which shows the mandarin orange seedling in a comparative example. (A) is a figure which shows typically an example of the state which sowed the seeds of rootstock, such as Karachi. (B) is a figure which shows typically an example of the state which planted two rows of seedling rootstock stocks. (A) is a figure which shows the example of a schedule of the 1st year of production of a seedling. (B) is a figure which shows the example of a schedule of the 2nd year of production of a seedling. (C) is a figure which shows the example of a schedule of the 3rd year of production of a seedling. It is a figure which illustrates the fertilization design in the case of producing a seedling. It is the figure which showed typically an example of a mode that the planting groove which plants a seedling is formed. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the process in which a several planting groove is formed with a bulldozer. It is a figure which shows an example of the state which arranged the seedling which suppressed drying in the planting groove | channel. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the state which put the shaved soil to the planting groove, and covered the root of each seedling. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the method of forming a drainage groove in a working road. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the formation example of the water drain in an orchard. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the modification of the formation of the drainage in an orchard. (A) is a figure which shows the seedling of the Example by which the fixed planting was carried out. (B) is a figure which shows the seedling of the comparative example planted. It is a figure which shows an example of the state by which the seedling of the comparative example was planted. It is a figure which shows an example of the cultivation management schedule of a fixed planting 1st year. It is a figure which shows an example of the cultivation management schedule of the 2nd year after planting. It is a figure which shows an example of the cultivation management schedule from the 3rd year to 15th year after planting. (A) is a figure which shows typically an example of the positional relationship of the row | line | column of two mandarin orange trees, and a work path. (B) is a figure which shows typically an example of the state of the citrus tree of 1 row. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the state of the harvest time of the citrus tree of the comparative example which passed several years after planting. It is a figure which shows an example of the form of cultivation of the conventional mandarin tree.

  Below, one Embodiment of the cultivation method of citrus fruits is described using drawing. Here, as an example, an embodiment of a method for cultivating citrus fruits will be described using Satsuma mandarin (hereinafter simply referred to as mandarin orange).

  FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of cultivation of the conventional mandarin tree 10. Conventionally, for example, cutting or embankment is performed on a slope of a mountain to create a flat ground 101, a stone wall 102 or a windbreak fence is provided on a slope, and a mandarin tree 10 is planted on the flat ground 101. The citrus tree 10 has different cultivation conditions depending on the area, topography, and soil conditions. In Japan, the mandarin tree 10 is well drained, the soil is not too fertile, the west is long, the sunshine is long, and the warm air along the ocean is warm. It is often planted on the slopes of large mountains.

  Drawing 1 is a figure showing an example of the form of cultivation of mandarin tree 20 by the cultivation method of citrus concerning one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, in the citrus cultivation method according to one embodiment, mandarin orange trees 20 are planted so as to form a plurality of rows in an orchard. Specifically, the mandarin orange tree 20 is planted at a seedling stage so that the row A is about 4 m and the space (between trees) B is about 1 m, for example, densely planted so that there are about 250 trees per 10a. Cultivated. The distance between the rows A and B may be shifted by about 10%. Thus, since the row A is wide, the citrus tree 20 is irradiated with sufficient sunlight, and the topsoil is also easily dried.

  A work path C having a width of about 2 m is formed between the rows A. The work path C is configured such that a work machine such as a bulldozer or a speed sprayer (SS) can pass through. Since the inter-row A is an appropriate interval, application of agricultural chemicals and liquid fertilizer by SS, harvesting work and the like are also easy.

  In this way, the mandarin tree 20 that has been densely cultivated while ensuring sufficient sunlight has a long period of inclination to reproductive growth by the method described below, and grows a fruit equivalent to an adult tree from a young tree, and becomes a large tree. Suppressed, it produces high-quality fruits with high sugar content every year. Hereinafter, as an example of a method for cultivating the mandarin tree 20, seedlings, planting, and cultivation management will be described in order.

(Seedling)
First, a seedling of the mandarin tree 20 will be described. An operator produces the seedling 21 of the mandarin tree 20 by the method shown below.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example and a comparative example of mandarin orange seedlings. Fig.2 (a) shows the seedling 21 of the mandarin tree 20 in an Example. FIG.2 (b) shows the seedling 11 of the mandarin tree 10 in a comparative example.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the seedling 21 of the mandarin tree 20 in the embodiment is a spikelet obtained from another mandarin tree 20 having a relatively large number of results compared to, for example, the rootstock 210 of Karachi. 211 is produced by grafting (grafting process). Here, the hogi 211 is acquired by giving priority to a tree having a high tree number and a relatively large number of results, thereby allowing the seedling 21 to inherit the characteristics of reproductive growth having a fruit formation. As for the hogi 211, the shorter the internodes, the better. For example, the one having about 2 to 3 cm between the nodes is selected for the graft. Hogi 211 preferably has a smaller leaf as it approaches the tip. In addition, for the seedling 21, the root of the rootstock 210 is not cut down, and the sapling of the grafted earwood 211 and the main trunk are cut back when the predetermined height is exceeded ( Pinching process).

  In the seedling 21, the root is not cut off, so that the formation of the so-called pioneer root 12 in which the thick main root extends and absorbs only moisture is suppressed. That is, the sapling 21 suppresses the formation of the pioneer route 12 that tends to extend deeply into the ground, and thus promotes the formation of many fine roots 22 that are likely to spread in the lateral direction. Here, the fine roots 22 include side roots and root hairs having a high ability to absorb nutrients, and are, for example, roots having a thickness of 2 mm or less. In particular, the side roots and root hairs having a thickness of 1 mm or less have high physiological activity and absorb many nutrients.

  In addition, the seedling 21 is prevented from being concentrated in the top bud because the shoots are not removed without cutting back the main trunk that promotes the growth in the height direction, and the lateral direction is higher than the height direction. It becomes a branch seedling that spreads. Making the seedlings 21 into branch seedlings contributes to suppressing the formation of thick main roots and increasing the number of fine roots 22. Moreover, the formation of the thick main root of the seedling 21 and the increase in the number of fine roots 22 contribute to the seedling 21 becoming a branching seedling.

  Thus, the seedling 21 is strongly inclined to vegetative growth (vegetative growth) that grows into a large and large tree by suppressing the formation of thick main roots, increasing the number of fine roots 22 and branching seedlings. It can be easily and strongly inclined to reproductive growth (reproductive growth) in a short period of time.

  Thereafter, the seedling 21 that has been made into a branching seedling is pinched (truncated, pinched) when, for example, the height exceeds 40 cm in order to prevent it from becoming a top bud dominant. If the height of the seedling 21 is not high and is sufficiently branched, the pinching does not have to be performed. In this way, the seedling 21 is formed with a tree-shaped foundation in which both branches and roots are grown not horizontally but horizontally.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the seedling 11 of the mandarin tree 10 in the comparative example is a single seedling (stick seedling) tailored to a tree stand in which a spike 111 is grafted to a rootstock 110 of Karachi, for example. It is. The hogi 111 of the comparative example is obtained from another mandarin tree 10 that has grown greatly. That is, the hogi 111 allows the seedling 11 to inherit the characteristics of vegetative growth that grows greatly. In the seedling 11, the root of the rootstock 110 is cut off, the buds of the grafted hogi 111 are removed, and the main trunk is cut back. In other words, the seedling 11 is strongly inclined to vegetative growth that grows into a large and large tree, as the formation of a pioneer route 12 that tends to extend deeper into the ground is promoted, and the main trunk is encouraged to extend upward. Yes.

  Next, the production method of the seedling 21 of the mandarin tree 20 in an Example is demonstrated.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a procedure for producing seedlings 210 of seedlings. FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a state in which the seed 212 of the rootstock 210 such as Karachi is sowed. FIG. 3B is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a state in which two lines of the stock 213 of the seedling rootstock 210 are planted.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the seed 212 of the rootstock 210 is sown in a paddy field or the like so as to form a row of a plurality of seeds, germinated, and allowed to cure for about one year. It becomes stock 213 of rootstock 210. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the stock 213 of the seedling rootstock 210 is planted in the second year, for example, about 15000 to 16000 per 10a in units of double row planting.

  In the double row planting, the stock 213 has an inter-strain E of about 12.5 cm and an inter-row F of about 21 cm. Moreover, the Oma G between the double row planting and the double row planting is about 60 to 70 cm. Thus, Oma G can be passed by a machine that applies fertilizer to strain 213.

  Thereafter, fertilization of the strain 213 is performed only by fertilization to the Oma G. That is, fertilization with respect to the stock 213 is not performed around the stock 213 but is performed on a surface layer at a predetermined position away from the stock 213 in a predetermined direction (stock fertilization step). In this way, the strain 213 is fertilized on a surface layer at a predetermined position separated in a predetermined direction, so that the root does not go into the ground but extends in the lateral direction with the fertilizer. That is, the stock 213 is directed so that the number of fine roots 22 (surface layer roots) extending to the surface layer of the land increases.

  Moreover, since the stock | strain 213 absorbs a nutrient from a surface layer, the efficiency of the absorption of the nutrient with respect to a fertilizer application amount becomes good, and a fertilizer application amount can be reduced conventionally. Here, the total amount of fertilizer applied to the stock 213 (mainly nitrogen) is about 20 to 30% less than before, but the number of times of fertilization is increased more than before. In this way, by carrying out a small amount of fertilization divided into many times, the concentration of the fertilizer to be fertilized at one time is lowered, and the poor growth of fine roots 22 due to the high concentration fertilizer is prevented. Yes. In addition, the strain 213 grows while being tilted to a reproductive growth state by extending the fine roots 22 laterally on the surface layer, and branching is further promoted.

  About two years after the seed 212 is sown, the strain 213 is cut at a position of about 5 cm above the ground while being planted so that the fine roots 22 do not die, and is made into a rootstock 210, and a hogi 211 is grafted. . In the stock 213 to which the hogi 211 is grafted, the spring bud at the tip is picked. Then, the grafted strain 213 is fertilized, for example, in the same manner as in the second year, grown for about one year, and becomes a third-year seedling 21 inclined to reproductive growth and used for permanent planting. Note that the fertilization management is performed according to the state of the stock 213.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a production schedule when the seedling 21 is produced using the seedling rootstock 210. FIG. 4A shows a schedule example for the first year of production of the seedling 21. FIG. 4B shows a schedule example of the second year of production of the seedling 21. FIG. 4C shows an example of a schedule for the third year of production of the seedling 21. Moreover, FIG. 5 is a figure which illustrates the fertilization design in the case of producing the seedling 21.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (a), in the first year in which the seedling 21 is produced, seeds 212 of Karachichi are planted in paddy fields in the middle of January (see FIG. 3 (a)). At this time, the original fertilizer is reduced to be less than that of the conventional fertilizer to prevent the root from becoming difficult to come out and to prevent the rootstock 210 from being inclined to vegetative growth from the beginning. In particular, it is noted that the raw manure does not contain too much nitrogen N.

  After the seed 212 germinates, fertilization is performed during a period other than the rooting time to grow a seedling Karachii strain 213 (see FIG. 3B). The rooting time of the stock 213 is, for example, three times / year from late May to mid-June, from late July to mid-August, and mid-November. The rooting time is basically prohibited from fertilization.

  Then, the stock 213 is grown in paddy fields for about one year (seedlings of rootstock 210). Further, around October of the first year when the seedlings 21 are produced, raw fertilizer is given to the planting destination of the stock 213 (see FIG. 3B). For example, about 3 months before the replanting time of the stock 213, the fertilizer to be given to the planting destination is performed. If the soil to which the plant 213 is replanted is not weakly acidic, for example, ph4 or more and less than 7 (preferably ph5-6), adjust the acidity of the soil to ph4-7 (preferably ph5-6) weakly acidic. (Acidity adjustment step). And an operator applies fertilizer containing soybean and corn to the soil as a basic manure (original manure process). Dietary soybeans are rich in protein, cytokinin and auxin. In addition, feed corn is rich in protein, cytokinin and auxin. According to the results of testing with this feed manure, the strain 213 is tilted to reproductive growth with many fine roots 22 (see FIG. 2). In this strain 213, it is considered that the growth of side buds was promoted and double buds appeared.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, 20 kg of lime nitrogen, 100 kg of calcium silicate, and 200 kg of wood ash are included in the base manure as shown in FIG. 5. Further, the raw manure may include oil cake, rice bran, soybean cake, wheat cake, and the like. However, since cocoons contain nitrogen, it is necessary to prevent the amount of nitrogen in the original manure from becoming too much. In addition, chemical fertilizer is not included in the original fertilizer. In the original fertilizer, when the nitrogen is excessively contained or the chemical fertilizer is contained, the fine roots 22 are likely to wither.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (b), in the second year in which the seedling 21 is produced, the stock 213 is replanted from the paddy field in the middle of January to make a two-row planting (see FIG. 3 (b)). Then, fertilization is performed on the two-row planted stock 213 while avoiding the rooting time.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, in the second year of producing the seedlings 21, for example, around the end of February, a strain 213 planted with two rows of 100 kg of oil cake (5-3-2) per 10 a is used. give. Note that 5-3-2 indicates a composition containing 5% nitrogen N, 3% phosphoric acid P, and 2% potassium K. Subsequently, 60 kg of chemical fertilizer (8-8-8) in late April, 100 kg of oil cake (5-3-2) in late July, In the middle of September, give 80 kg of chemical fertilizer (6-3-1). In addition, it is preferable that the fertilizer given at each time is divided and given in multiple times, for example, the fertilizer frequency is divided into 7 to 8 times a year, and the fertilizer concentration per one is increased by suppressing the fertilizer amount per time. Is preferably prevented. In addition, the total amount of fertilizer applied annually is limited to an amount that can promote rooting and germination three times a year, so that fertilization is not performed at a high concentration.

  The seedling 21 with the fine roots 22 arranged on the surface layer efficiently absorbs nutrients with a surface layer that is easy to dry. For example, nitrogen N given as fertilizer tends to flow due to rain, but the seedling 21 absorbs only nitrogen N given. Since nitrogen N grows greatly in plants, if it is given too much to the seedling 21, it will vigorously increase vegetative growth. Therefore, the amount of fertilization is reduced during the period when the reproduction growth of the seedling 21 is vigorous.

  Phosphoric acid P hardly flows in the rain, and the seedling 21 does not absorb phosphoric acid P more than necessary. Phosphoric acid P mainly promotes reproductive growth, but it stays in the fertilized place and is relatively difficult to be absorbed, so it is absorbed by the fine roots 22 on the surface layer of the seedling 21.

  Potassium K flows to some extent due to rain, but the seedling 21 absorbs only potassium K given. Since potassium K also acts on root growth, it is absorbed by the fine roots 22 on the surface layer of the seedling 21 like the phosphoric acid P, thereby promoting reproductive growth.

  In the third year of producing the seedling 21, grafting is performed with the plant 213 being planted so that the fine roots 22 do not die. As with the second year, fertilization of the seedling 21 is performed by dividing the number of times into 7 to 8 times a year and suppressing the amount of fertilization per time. Fertilization management is performed according to the state of the seedling 21.

  Moreover, the bamboo shoot extract extracted from the bamboo shoot is sprayed on the grafted sapling 21 as a liquid manure during the period when the spring buds grow. Bamboo shoot extract is a liquid fertilizer that is extracted overnight by soaking chopped bamboo shoots in the same amount of brown sugar and weighting with heavy stones. Bamboo shoot extract is diluted about 2000 times, mixed with a herbicide and sprayed on the leaves. Bamboo shoot extract is used only during the period when the spring buds grow, and seems to have the effect of extending the branches long while maintaining reproductive growth. Even if the seedling 21 to which the bamboo shoot extract is sprayed is not sown, the number of summer / autumn buds extending from the spring buds is limited to one or two. Thus, the bamboo shoot extract has been confirmed to have an effect of eliminating the need for shoots and pruning on the seedling 21.

  Moreover, since the seedling 21 is inclined to reproductive growth, it may flower after grafting. Almost all the flowers of the seedling 21 after grafting are flowered (flowering process). In addition, since the seedling 21 is inclined to reproductive growth as it is flowered, it may be used for permanent planting in the second year.

  As described above, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the method for producing the seedlings 21 includes a grafting step of grafting the scion 211 obtained by giving priority to a tree having a relatively large number of results to the rootstock 210, and And a pinching step for pinching the rootstock of the rootstock 210 when it exceeds a predetermined height without cutting back the shoot and main trunk of the grafted scion 211. And This makes it possible to form the basis of a tree that grows both branches and roots horizontally rather than vertically, while increasing the number of growth branches that are the main branches, while inheriting the fruit guse by grafting. . Also, by not reducing the growth branches and roots, it is possible to tilt the reproduction growth from both the branches and roots.

  Further, the rootstock 210 is produced by a method including a strain fertilization process in which fertilization is performed only at a predetermined position away from a seedling stock in a predetermined direction. Thereby, since it can prevent giving a high concentration fertilizer to a root, root growth can be promoted. Also, the direction in which the roots extend can be directed to a predetermined direction.

  Further, the stock fertilization step is a step of applying fertilization by dividing the total fertilization amount that promotes rooting and germination three times a year into seven or more times a year. Thereby, since it can prevent giving a high concentration fertilizer to a root, root growth can be promoted. Moreover, it becomes possible to reduce the total amount of fertilization by increasing the frequency of fertilization.

  Moreover, the stock fertilization step is a step of applying fertilization during a period other than the rooting time. Thereby, the shift | offset | difference of the rooting time by a fertilizer can be prevented, and root growth can be promoted.

  In addition, the method for producing the seedling 21 further includes a flowering step of picking up almost all the flowers. Thereby, it can make it easy to continue inclining the seedling 21 to reproduction growth.

  In addition, the method for producing the seedling 21 further includes a step of spraying the bamboo shoot extract extracted from the bamboo shoot onto the sapling 211. For example, it may be possible to give the seedling 21 the speed of bamboo shoot growth. In addition, when bamboo shoot extract is sprayed on the hogi 211, the number of shoots of the seedling 21 can be reduced, and a small number of shoots can be regenerated without sprouting.

  In addition, the seedling 21 is a second grader. That is, the seedling 21 inclined to reproductive growth can be planted and cultivated even if it is a biennial, and the period until the first harvest can be shortened.

  The seedling 21 is a citrus fruit. Thereby, since citrus fruits continue to be reproductive growth, it is possible to prevent the height of the future tree from becoming too high, and it becomes possible to facilitate the harvesting work.

  The fine root 22 is a root having a thickness of 2 mm or less. In particular, fine roots 22 having a thickness of 2 mm or less are said to have a high ability to absorb nutrients from soil.

(Fixed planting)
Next, a method for planting the seedlings 21 inclined to reproductive growth in an orchard or the like will be described with reference to FIGS. An operator plants the seedling 21 by the method shown below.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a state where the planting groove 220 for planting the seedling 21 is formed.

  In order to plant the seedlings 21, an operator forms a plurality of planting grooves 220 using a bulldozer on a slope 222 that becomes an orchard formed by leveling a slope of a mountain, for example. The slope 222 has an inclination of about 10 degrees, for example, but may have an inclination larger than about 10 degrees or a small inclination. Further, the slope 222 may be a flat land without an inclination here.

  The bulldozer has, for example, an endless track (crawler) 30 on the left and right, and can move back and forth and right and left even on rough terrain. In addition, the bulldozer is provided with a soil removal board 31 that can adjust an angle angle, a tilt angle, and a pitch angle, for example, so that the soil can be pushed right or left while pushing the soil. Yes. The angle angle is an angle of the earth removal plate 31 with respect to the traveling direction of the bulldozer when the earth removal plate 31 and the bulldozer are viewed from above. The tilt angle is an angle of the earth removal plate 31 with respect to the horizontal direction when the earth removal plate 31 is viewed from the rear. The pitch angle is the angle of the cutting edge of the earth removal plate 31 with respect to the ground when the earth removal plate 31 and the bulldozer are viewed from the side. FIG. 6 schematically shows a state where only one end of the endless track 30 of the bulldozer and the earth removal plate 31 are viewed from the front.

  The operator advances the bulldozer in a direction slightly inclined with respect to the contour line of the slope 222, continuously scrapes the soil on the surface layer by the earth removing plate 31, and steps the soil by the endless track 30 in a predetermined direction. An extending planting groove 220 is formed. That is, the planting groove 220 has a lower surface 224 that has been scraped by the endless track 30 after being scraped off by the earth removal plate 31 and a side surface 226 that is scraped off and cut up.

  The lower surface 224 is hardened by pressurization by the endless track 30, thereby restricting the roots of the seedlings 21 from extending toward the lower surface 224. Further, the side surface 226 is hardened by being scraped off or pressed by the earth discharging plate 31, thereby restricting the root of the seedling 21 to extend toward the side surface 226. The lower surface 224 and the side surface 226 may be formed by a root-preventing member that restricts the direction in which the root extends, such as a root-preventing sheet or concrete.

  Next, the operator moves the bulldozer below the slope 222 to form a next planting groove 220 substantially parallel to the formed planting groove 220. Here, the interval between the planting groove 220 and the next planting groove 220 is set to about 4 m. Then, the operator further advances the bulldozer, and forms a plurality of planting grooves 220 substantially parallel to the orchard at an interval of about 4 m.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a process of forming a plurality of planting grooves 220 using a bulldozer. As shown in FIG. 7, for example, an operator forms a plurality of planting grooves 220 while advancing the bulldozer so that the orchard 221 formed at a slope of a mountain slightly tilts to the right or left with respect to the contour line. (Planting groove forming step). In addition, passages 223 that allow the bulldozer to move up and down the slope are secured on the left and right of the orchard 221, so that the bulldozer can continuously form a plurality of planting grooves 220 like a single stroke. ing.

  Next, a plurality of seedlings 21 are prepared in the vicinity of the planting groove 220 in order to arrange the seedlings 21 described above in the respective planting grooves 220 and plant them. As described above, the seedling 21 is inclined to reproductive growth, the formation of thick main roots is suppressed, and the number of fine roots 22 is increased. Therefore, since the seedling 21 has a small amount of water stored in the roots and is easy to dry, if it is left for 30 minutes or more in preparation for planting, for example, it will dry and the fine roots 22 will die.

  Therefore, in order to plant the seedlings 21 in the planting grooves 220 without drying the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21, the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21 are put in water near the planting grooves 220. Alternatively, water is applied to the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21, the fine roots 22 are wrapped with vinyl, and the seedlings 21 are placed in the shade to prevent the fine roots 22 from being dried. Moreover, in order not to dry the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21, time management may be performed so as to shorten the time until planting is completed.

  Since the seedling 21 is produced so that it does not have roots containing a lot of water and the number of fine roots 22 is increased, a process for suppressing drying more strongly than the conventional seedling is important. In particular, the fine roots 22 having a thickness of 1 mm or less have high physiological activity for absorbing nutrients from the soil, but are liable to wither and die. Thus, the seedling 21 is planted without dying while maintaining the characteristic of being easily and strongly inclined to reproductive growth in a short period of time by the drying suppression process that suppresses drying of the fine roots 22.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state in which the seedlings 21 whose drying is suppressed are arranged in the planting groove 220. As shown in FIG. 8, the roots of the plurality of seedlings 21 are arranged in the planting groove 220 at intervals of about 1 m. At this time, the operator bends the roots of the seedlings 21 toward the lower side of the slope 222 and disposes the roots of the seedlings 21 while suppressing the roots of the seedlings 21 from extending into the ground. A planting process is performed in which the plant is placed only on the surface of the land.

  More specifically, for example, the operator bends the root so as to be substantially orthogonal to the lower surface 224 and in the opposite direction to the side surface 226 and arranges the seedlings 21 in the planting groove 220. That is, in the fixed planting process, the root bending that suppresses the root of the seedling 21 from extending toward the ground by bending the root of the seedling 21 in the direction intersecting or opposite to the direction toward the ground. Process. Further, in the planting process, the roots of the seedlings 21 are extended toward the ground by restricting the direction in which the roots extend by the lower surface 224 and the side surface 226 solidified by weight or pressure, or the root-preventing member. It also includes a restraining direction limiting step.

  Here, in order to arrange the seedlings 21 at an interval of about 1 m, for example, a string that is marked every 1 m is stretched on the planting groove 220, lime is spread for each mark, and the position of the lime is used as a standard for arranging the seedlings 21. Also good.

  Then, in a state where the plurality of seedlings 21 arranged in the planting groove 220 are supported and supported by a plurality of collaborators, the worker removes the soil on the slope 222 above the planting groove 220 by using the bulldozer excavating plate 31. While cutting, the scraped soil is brought into the planting groove 220 and the roots of the seedlings 21 are covered with the soil. Each of the seedlings 21 may be supported by being fixed to a support (not shown).

  FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a state in which the shaved soil is brought into the planting groove 220 and the roots of the seedlings 21 are covered with the soil. As shown in FIG. 9, the worker removes the slope 222 between the seedlings 21 and the seedlings 21 in the other rows with the bulldozer's earth removing plate 31, thereby forming the work path 228 and sideways the soil. The sapling is placed on the seedling 21 below the slope 222 (soil squeezing step). In FIG. 9, the bulldozer shows only the earth discharging plate 31 viewed from the front.

  In this way, the soil is brought together with the bulldozer to cover the seedlings 21. For example, 500 seedlings 21 can be planted in 30 minutes, or 3500 seedlings 21 can be planted in 2.5 ha per day. is there. In addition, when the seedling 21 is deeply buried with soil, the seedling is pulled up and the grafted portion is put out on the ground. This is because if the grafted portion is in the ground, damage such as insects (such as longhorn beetles) invades from the grafted portion.

  Here, the distance (row A: see FIG. 1) between the row of seedlings 21 and the row of lower seedlings 21 is about 4 m. The work path 228 is formed so as to have a width of about 2 m at the approximate center of the distance A between the rows of about 4 m. The work path 228 is formed between the rows A above the slope 222, and is then formed between the rows A below. After the soil gathering with respect to the seedling 21 and the formation of the work path 228 are finished, the space A between the rows is leveled with a bulldozer.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a method for forming the drainage groove 230 on the work path 228. After the planting of the seedlings 21 is finished, the operator attaches a shaving plate 32 for forming the drainage groove 230 to the lower part of the bulldozer discharge plate 31. The shaving plate 32 is, for example, an iron plate formed in an inverted isosceles triangle with a central portion protruding downward by approximately 15 cm so that a drainage groove 230 having a depth of approximately 15 cm can be formed at the center of the work path 228. It is a member. The operator advances the earth removal plate 31 to which the shaving plate 32 is attached on the work path 228 to form a drainage groove 230 having a depth of about 15 cm at the approximate center of the work path 228 (drainage groove forming step). In FIG. 10, the bulldozer shows only the earth removal plate 31 and the shaving plate 32 as viewed from the front.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the formation of the drainage groove 230 in the orchard 221. The drainage groove 230 is inclined so that rainwater flows between two rows of seedlings 21 in the left and right directions, and the length D inclined in one direction is, for example, 70 to 80 m. This is because if the distance that rainwater flows in one direction is too long, the water flow becomes too strong and the soil will be washed away.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a modification of the formation of the drainage groove 230 in the orchard 221. The drainage groove 230 is inclined so that rainwater flows between the rows of the seedlings 21 to the left or right, and the length inclined in one direction is, for example, 70 to 80 m. Moreover, when the horizontal length of the orchard 221 exceeds 160 m, for example, is about 500 m, the vertical water channel 232 may be provided every 70 to 80 m.

  The vertical water channel 232 allows rain water flowing from the drainage channel 230 to flow along the slope of the mountain. The vertical water channel 232 is a water channel solidified with concrete, for example, because the amount of flowing water is larger than that of the drainage groove 230.

  Thus, the planting shown in FIG. 1 is realized by the method described with reference to FIGS. Then, the worker seeds, for example, Italian ryegrass seeds around the work road 228 and its surrounding area (inter-row A), and prevents the soil from flowing due to rain, etc., by the force that the root of the Italian ryegrass holds the soil. Maintain the form of planting (seeding process). That is, the Italian ryegrass functions as a retaining ring that prevents the orchard 221 from being deformed. Italian ryegrass grows vigorously when ammonium sulfate or urea is applied.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the seedlings 21 of the example planted and the seedlings 11 of the comparative example. FIG. 13A shows the seedling 21 of the planted example. FIG.13 (b) shows the seedling 11 of the comparative example planted.

  As shown in FIG. 13 (a), the seedling 21 of the embodiment is bent and rounded without expanding toward the lower side of the slope 222 so that the fine root 22 does not extend toward the lower surface 224 and the side surface 226. The fine roots 22 are easily extended toward the surface layer. In addition, the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21 often extend to a place 10 cm or less from the ground surface and may come out to the ground surface. The seedlings 21 are drained because they are planted in an inclined place, and because of the approximately 4 m row A where the work path 228 is formed, they are both sunny and ventilated. In other words, the seedling 21 is easily subjected to drought stress caused by soil that is easily dried.

  The place where fertilization is applied to the seedling 21 is made constant. Specifically, fertilization is performed above the slope 222 with respect to the seedling 21, and the seedling 21 absorbs the fertilizer flowing downward due to rain or the like with the fine roots 22 on the surface layer. In particular, phosphoric acid P is difficult to flow in the rain or the like and does not enter the ground, so it is absorbed by the fine roots 22 on the surface layer. In this way, the seedlings 21 are fertilized only at predetermined positions that are good at the flow of rainwater (fertilization process). Fertilization may be performed between the seedlings 21.

  As described above, the fine root 22 is generally a root having a thickness of 2 mm or less. In particular, the fine roots 22 having a thickness of 1 mm or less have high physiological activity for absorbing nutrients from the soil, but are liable to wither and die. The fine roots 22 supply nutrients to the soil when they die in the soil due to drying or the like. That is, the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21 are placed on the surface layer, so that they are placed in an environment that easily absorbs nutrients and an environment that is easy to dry, and are further spread over the surface layer while repeating growth and death. For example, when the seedling 21 grows, the fine root 22 extends to the center of the work path 228 (see FIG. 10).

  However, since the fine roots 22 do not root when the fertilizer concentration is high, the amount of fertilization is reduced. In this way, the seedlings 21 are prevented from becoming large trees because the period during which the seedlings 21 are inclined to reproductive growth is increased by drought stress with less moisture and starvation stress with less fertilizer. The seedling 21 can be temporarily recovered by fertilization or foliar application of liquid fertilizer immediately after planting, or when the planting after the third year after planting becomes too weak.

  As shown in FIG. 13 (b), the seedling 11 of the comparative example is planted in a deep and large planting hole 103 so that the roots are deeply and thickly extended for the purpose of increasing the size as soon as possible. In the planting hole 103, compost is introduced into the lower layer, and a state where the compost is covered with soil is created, and the seedlings 11 are planted one by one. The seedlings 11 are strongly inclined toward vegetative growth in which the roots extend thick and long toward the ground with compost and the branches grow large and high. In this way, the seedling 11 that is strongly inclined to vegetative growth at the time of planting cannot be easily inclined to reproductive growth. Therefore, there is a strong tendency for the result time to become a large tree, and the period until the result is long.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state in which the seedling 11 of the comparative example is planted. As shown in FIG. 14, the seedling 11 of the comparative example is planted on a flattened land and is strongly inclined to vegetative growth. In addition, about 33 to 100 seedlings 11a were planted per 10a to make a large tree. Moreover, if the seedling 11 is cultivated in multiple cultivation, the ground temperature will rise to 60-70 degree | times, and the fine root 22 will die. Further, if it is attempted to obtain a yield of 5 t per 10a, it is necessary to increase the yield per tree, so the seedling 11 needs to be made into a large tree. It took 15 years for the seedling 11 to become a large tree. However, it became a biennial result and it was difficult to raise the sugar content of the fruit.

  As described above, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 13 is a drying suppression step for suppressing the fine roots 22 of the seedlings 21 from drying, and the roots of the seedlings 21 are prevented from extending toward the ground while suppressing the fine roots. 22 is arranged only on the surface layer of the land, and a planting step of planting the seedlings 21 is included. As a result, it is possible to encourage the fine roots 22 that contain a small amount of water and tend to die off to spread on the surface layer of the land, and to prevent the roots from extending into the ground and the seedlings 21 from being strongly inclined to vegetative growth. That is, the seedlings 21 can increase the number of active surface roots that absorb nutrients from the surface layer, and after the planting is stabilized, the seedlings 21 can be easily and strongly inclined to reproductive growth in a short period of time.

  In addition, the planting step is a root bending step that suppresses the root of the seedling 21 from extending toward the ground by bending the root of the seedling 21 in a direction that intersects or reverses the direction toward the ground. It is characterized by including. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the root (pioneer route 12: refer FIG.2 (b)) which grows thick toward the underground and mainly absorbs only water | moisture content can be suppressed easily.

  Moreover, the fixed planting process includes a direction limiting process for suppressing the root of the seedling 21 from extending into the ground by solidifying the soil by weighting or pressing, or by limiting the direction in which the root extends by the root-preventing member. It is characterized by including. Thereby, since it can suppress that the pioneer route 12 extends toward the ground, a surface layer root can be increased and the seedling 21 can be easily inclined to reproduction growth.

  In addition, the planting process includes a planting groove forming process in which a planting groove 220 extending in a predetermined direction on the surface layer of the slope is formed by a bulldozer, a fine root 22 is arranged in the planting groove 220, and soil is brought together by the bulldozer to And a mulching process for covering the roots with soil. Thereby, since the planting groove 220 extending in a predetermined direction can be easily formed, it is not necessary to dig a large planting hole 103 (see FIG. 13B) for planting the seedlings 21 one by one. Furthermore, it is easy to cover the roots of the seedlings 21 with soil, and the fine roots 22 can be easily arranged only on the surface layer of the land.

  Further, the planting groove forming step is a step of forming a plurality of planting grooves 220 arranged substantially in parallel, and the soil squeezing step is a seedling planting the soil while forming work paths 228 between the plurality of planting grooves 220 by a bulldozer. It is a process of covering the root of 21 with soil. As a result, it is possible to carry out the earthing of covering the roots of the seedlings 21 with the soil and the formation of the work path 228 in parallel, thereby improving the work efficiency.

  Further, the method further includes a drain groove forming step of forming a drain groove 230 in the work path 228 that is inclined so as to drain substantially parallel to the planting groove 220. Thereby, it is possible to easily form a well drained environment for the seedlings 21 while preventing the land that has been planted from being destroyed by rain or the like.

  Further, the method further includes a sowing step of sowing seeds of other plants that hold the soil with roots so that the soil does not flow on the work path 228. Thereby, it can prevent easily that the form of the land which planted was destroyed by rain etc.

  In addition, the plurality of planting grooves 220 are each about 4 m apart, and the work path 228 is about 2 m wide. Thereby, sufficient irradiation of sunlight and ventilation can continue to be given to the seedling 21. In addition, various machines can be passed through the work path 228, and foliar spraying using the machine becomes easy.

  Moreover, the fixed planting process is a process in which a plurality of seedlings 21 are arranged at intervals of about 1 m in each of the plurality of planting grooves 220 and planted. Thereby, a fixed planting process can be facilitated and the yield per unit area can be increased. In addition, while providing sufficient sunlight irradiation and ventilation to the seedling 21, it becomes dense planting after the seedling 21 has grown, thereby creating an opportunity for the leaves that overlap only in a predetermined direction to block the sunlight from each other, Even after the seedling 21 grows, it is possible to partially give stress that continues to tilt the reproduction growth. Moreover, even when the mandarin tree 20 is densely planted, it is possible to continue reproductive growth while continuing to provide sufficient sunlight irradiation and ventilation. Moreover, since the mandarin orange tree 20 continues to be reproductive growth, it is possible to prevent the height of the tree from becoming too high, and the harvesting operation can be facilitated.

(Cultivation management)
Next, cultivation management of the planted seedling 21 (citrus tree 20) will be described.

  FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cultivation management schedule for the first year of planting. An operator performs the following processes in the year in which the seedling 21 (citrus tree 20) is planted.

  First, when the seedling 21 is planted at the beginning of February (S100), for example, urea diluted to 1000 times is irrigated (S102) to improve the survival. Further, the planted seedlings 21 are supported by being tied to a support or the like (S104). Then, in order to prevent the soil around the row of seedlings 21 from flowing due to rain or the like, for example, seeds of Italian ryegrass are seeded and fertilized (S106).

  Fertilization is performed on the seedling 21 from one week after the planting until the first rooting time around the end of May (S108). In addition, at this time, the wakame extract extracted from the seaweed and the bamboo shoot extract extracted from the bamboo shoot are sprayed on the leaves (S110).

  Wakame extract is a seaweed liquid fertilizer that is extracted by alternately putting finely chopped wakame and the same amount of brown sugar into a tank and immersing the wakame in brown sugar for 3 to 4 months. Seaweed fertilizer is said to activate plant photosynthesis.

  Wakame extract is diluted about 2000 times and applied to the leaves. For example, wakame extract is mixed with herbicide and sprayed by SS about every 10 days. Wakame extract has the effect of restoring the tree vigor by foliar spraying, but if the flowers are sprayed in full bloom, it will encourage the physiological fall of the fruit. In addition, wakame extract may mottle the skin when sprayed after mid-August. For this reason, wakame extract is mainly used from March to May. The seaweed extract is an example of a seaweed extract, and the seaweed liquid fertilizer used for foliar application is not limited to the seaweed extract and may be other seaweed extracts.

  Here, the seedlings 21 are temporarily inclined to vegetative growth from immediately after planting to the first rooting time. However, since the seedling 21 is produced so that it can be easily tilted to reproductive growth, it is switched to reproductive growth in a short period in the second half of the first year of planting.

  Since the seedling 21 is produced so that it grows and grows in fruit and grows around the fruit, it grows around June just after planting. (S112: Whole fruit removal step). When the time of all fruit removal is too early, the seedling 21 will be inclined to vegetative growth. Moreover, when the time of all fruit picking is late, the seedlings 21 will not grow an autumn branch. The time of total fruit picking is preferably when the fruit is about 1 to 1.5 cm. In this way, in the year of planting, all the fruits are removed and the result is a mother branch. In the following year, no fruit will be picked.

  Thereafter, fertilization is performed on the seedling 21 by the second rooting time from around the end of July (S114). A feed containing soybeans and corn may be used for fertilization here. The number of times of fertilization from one week after planting to the end of July is, for example, about four times. The first and second fertilization amounts are about a handful of ammonium sulfate and urea for each mandarin tree 20. The amount of fertilization applied for the third and fourth times is set to several kg per mandrel (or human feces, chemical fertilizer) for the mandarin tree 20.

  As described above, fertilization is prohibited during the rooting period to promote rooting. In the first year of planting, fertilization is not performed to tilt the seedling 21 to reproductive growth after the second rooting time from the end of July. During this period, the seedling 21 functions to maintain homeostasis by being subjected to drought stress and starvation stress, and produces many high-quality results in the second year of planting.

  FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cultivation management schedule for the second year after planting. An operator performs the following processes in the second year after planting the seedling 21 (citrus tree 20).

  In the second year after the planting of the mandarin tree 20, fertilization is not performed unless the orchard is thin. Spring grass is weeded in January (S116), and when spring buds are confirmed in April, weeding is carried out around May (S118), and summer grass is removed around July (S120). Spring weeding after February is not necessary. From the second year after planting, the flower buds may be adjusted by thinning and pruning when the flowers are in full bloom. Weeding is also prohibited during the rooting season in June. Then, around November to December, many high-quality fruits are harvested from the citrus tree 20 whose height is suppressed from increasing (S122). Thus, since the second year after the planting of the mandarin tree 20 does not require pruning or fertilization, the necessary work is much less than in the past.

  In addition, the mandarin tree 20 is reproductive and has a low tree height. In addition, many fruits are formed and the branches hang down, so that the harvesting operation is easy. The yield is, for example, 5t per 10a. At this time, if 250 mandarin trees 20 are planted per 10a, a yield of 20 kg per tree may be sufficient. In addition, the mandarin orange tree 20 has a thin fruit branch and a group result, and the number of leaves per fruit is 10 or less. In addition, the mandarin tree 20 also forms flower buds during the harvest period, and a growing branch as a result mother branch is also taken out from the base, and results are obtained every year. The mandarin tree 20 from which no fruit has been harvested tends to lean toward vegetative growth. Therefore, after harvesting, so-called fertilization is prohibited even if the mandarin tree 20 is in a deflated state.

  FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cultivation management schedule from the third year to the 15th year after planting. An operator performs the following processes in the period from the 3rd year to the 15th year after the planting of the seedling 21 (citrus tree 20).

  From the 3rd year to the 15th year after the planting of the mandarin tree 20, it is confirmed that the formation of flower buds in January is completed, and fertilization is carried out between mid-January and around April. (S124). The fertilization here is a fertilization amount enough to return the tree of the mandarin tree 20 subjected to drought stress or starvation stress to some extent. When it is confirmed that the spring buds are appearing in April, weeding is performed around May (S126), and summer weeding is performed around July (S128). Weeding is also prohibited during the rooting season in June. Fertilization is done according to the tree vigor. In addition, since the mandarin tree 20 has grown since the third year after planting, the undergrowth of the mandarin tree 20 is shaded, so that the growth of summer grass is reduced and the weeding work is also reduced.

  Then, around November to December, many high-quality fruits are harvested from the mandarin tree 20 whose height is suppressed from increasing (S130). Even after the third year after planting, the mandarin tree 20 does not require pruning for, for example, four or five years or more, and the required work is much less than in the past. This is because if pruning is performed, it tends to vegetative growth. In addition, the mandarin orange tree 20 is low in reproductive growth and has no thick and large branches, so many fruits hang down as a result of grouping, and the height is about 2 m even after 10 years. It is. For example, the mandarin tree 20 takes out a result branch directly from the main trunk. As described above, fertilization is prohibited for the mandarin tree 20 that has lost its fruit after harvesting.

  FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a state of harvest time of the mandarin tree 20 of the embodiment that has passed several years after planting. FIG. 18A schematically shows an example of the positional relationship between the row of two citrus trees 20 and the work path 228. FIG. 18B schematically shows an example of the state of the mandarin tree 20 in one row.

  Since the mandarin tree 20 at the harvest time has many fruits attached to the thin branches that have continued reproductive growth for a long time, there are also branches that droop greatly with the weight of the fruits and approach the ground. In addition, the mandarin tree 20 has many branches hanging down, so that the weight of the fruit and resultant stress are applied, and the tree height is not easily increased due to the reproductive growth. Therefore, many of the mandarin orange trees 20 have a tree height of about 1.3 m to 2 m, and can be harvested at the height of the eyes of the worker.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 18 (a), the mandarin orange tree 20 is provided with work paths 228 between the rows, so that it can receive sufficient sunlight even after it grows, has good ventilation, Drying is also encouraged. In addition, since many branches of the mandarin tree 20 hang down due to the weight of the fruit, it is easy to receive sunlight from above as a whole. Even if the tangerine tree 20 breaks due to the weight of the fruit, it does not sprout by reaction.

  Generally, a mandarin orange has a good quality fruit in a range of about 1 m from the outside exposed to sunlight. Fruits that are on the inner side than the range of about 1 m from the outside tend to be low-quality fruits, such as not increasing the sugar content. Since the mandarin tree 20 of an Example attaches a lot of fruit, hanging a branch only in the range of about 1 m from the outside which hits sunlight, it is a good quality fruit as a whole. Since the mandarin tree 20 is unplucked, each fruit is smaller than when it is plucked, but the skin and fungus are thin and the sugar content is high. As before, large fruits do not increase sugar content.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.18 (b), the mandarin tree 20 is densely planted in the row | line | column. That is, the leaves of the mandarin tree 20 come into contact with the leaves of the mandarin tree 20 planted next, and are subjected to stress. The leaves of the mandarin tree 20 absorb a lot of red light in sunlight and become a dark green color. The leaves and buds of the mandarin tree 20 whose sunlight is blocked by the leaves of the adjacent mandarin tree 20 are not able to absorb red light sufficiently and sense that the sunlight has been blocked. It grows in the direction you can receive. If it still does not receive enough sunlight, the mandarin tree 20 is said to be inclined to produce reproductive growth. In this way, the mandarin tree 20 is formed as a single tree by combining a row of mandarin trees 20 while some leaves are stressed so as to be inclined to reproductive growth after growth. Therefore, the mandarin tree 20 does not need to be thinned even if it grows and becomes densely planted. Also, the mandarin tree 20 does not need to be pruned for more than 4 or 5 years.

  The mandarin tree 20 has no problem because it is easy to harvest if the height is not too high even after 20 years have passed since planting. However, the mandarin orange tree 20 has been used for 15 years after planting, when recovery after being subjected to drought stress or starvation stress has slowed, or when the height has become too high to be harvested. May be updated (replanting the seedling 21).

  FIG. 19 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a harvesting time state of a mandarin orange tree 10 (see FIG. 20) of a comparative example that has passed several years after planting. The mandarin tree 10 of the comparative example has a long period of leaning to vegetative growth strong in the period after seedlings and planting, for example, the tree height is 4 m or more. Further, the mandarin orange tree 10 of the comparative example has a width of 3 to 4 m.

  As described above, a mandarin orange tends to be a fruit of low quality, such as a sugar that does not increase in sugar content when the fruit is on the inner side of a range of about 1 m from the outer side exposed to sunlight. Therefore, the mandarin orange tree 10 stretches the main branch, the sub-main branch, the side branch, and the resultant branch, and wears a low-quality fruit on the inside. In addition, when the mandarin tree 10 is pruned to apply sunlight to the inside, a good-quality fruit is attached to the inside, but no fruit is attached to the outside. The mandarin orange tree 10 of the comparative example takes a long time to grow large and can be harvested, it is difficult to harvest high places, and produces a low quality fruit inside.

  As described above, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 18 is characterized by further including a whole fruit-picking step for fruiting almost the first fruit after the planting process. Thereby, it can make it easy to continue inclining to reproduction growth.

  In addition, the fruit after the whole fruit removal process is characterized by no fruit removal. Thereby, the harvest number of the fruit after the 2nd year after planting can be increased.

  The seedling 21 is further characterized by further including a fertilization step in which fertilization is performed only at a predetermined position that is a good skill in the flow of rainwater. Thereby, since it can prevent giving a high concentration fertilizer to the fine root 22, the growth of the fine root 22 can be promoted. Further, the direction in which the fine roots 22 can be directed to the direction in which rainwater flows.

  Moreover, the fertilization process is a process of fertilizing in periods other than a rooting time. Thereby, the shift | offset | difference of the rooting time by a fertilizer can be prevented, and the growth of the fine root 22 can be promoted.

  In addition, the fertilization process is a process in which fertilization is performed in a period other than a period from the second rooting time of the year in which the planting process is performed to the end of flower bud formation in the following year. Thereby, it can prevent that the seedling 21 leans to vegetative growth in the second half of the year which performed the planting process, and can improve the certainty of the annual result which bears fruit every year.

  Moreover, the fertilization process is a process of fertilizing in periods other than the year following the year in which the planting process was performed. Thereby, it can prevent that the seedling 21 leans to vegetative growth while it is young, and can improve the certainty of a continuous result.

  Moreover, the fertilization process is a process of fertilizing other than the period from the harvesting of the year following the planting process to the end of flower bud formation. The harvest period is also the flower bud formation period and needs to be reproductive for the results of successive years. In addition, plants are more likely to shift to vegetative growth when the fruits are gone. Thereby, it is possible to prevent leaning to vegetative growth by not performing so-called fertilizer, which is a fertilizer to be given to recover the tree vigor after harvesting, and to increase the certainty of the results of consecutive years.

  Moreover, after performing a planting process, it is characterized by not pruning for 4 years. Thereby, while being able to reduce work amount, the number of the growth branches used as a result branch which bears a fruit later can be increased.

  Further, the method for cultivating the mandarin tree 20 further includes a step of spraying bamboo shoot extract on the seedlings 21 planted by the planting step. Thereby, for example, it seems possible to give the seedlings 21 the speed of bamboo shoot growth.

  The method for cultivating the mandarin tree 20 further includes a step of spraying the seedling 21 with a seaweed extract extracted from seaweed. For example, when the seaweed extract is sprayed on the leaves of the seedlings 21, photosynthesis by the leaves can be promoted.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the yield of high-quality fruits while reducing the amount of work after replanting.

  In addition, the plant cultivated by the cultivation method mentioned above shall contain not only citrus fruits but the whole plant which grows a fruit, for example. In addition, the fruit includes spices derived from fruit berries, florets and fruit branches. In addition, fruits include those that are classified as fruitless fruits or fruits, which are fruitless fruits. Specifically, fruits include, for example, strawberries, cucumbers, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers, garlic, watermelons, beans, and rice.

20 ... Tangerine tree, 21 ... Sapling, 22 ... Fine root, 210 ... Rootstock, 211 ... Hogi, 212 ... Seed, 213 ... Strain, 220 ... Planting groove, 221 ... orchard, 222 ... slope, 223 ... passage, 224 ... lower surface, 226 ... side surface, 228 ... work path, 230 ... drainage groove, 232 ... Vertical water channel, 30 ... Endless track, 31 ... Soil removal board, 32 ... Shaving board

Claims (2)

A seedling production method in which a safflower is grafted after replanting seedling rootstock,
If the soil of the rootstock planting destination is not a predetermined weak acidity, an acidity adjustment step of adjusting the acidity of the soil to a predetermined weak acidity,
A method of producing seedlings, comprising: a manure step of applying fertilizer containing soybean and corn as manure before replanting the rootstock. In the seedling production method according to claim 1,
The rootstock is
A method for producing a seedling, characterized in that the seedling is produced by a method including a stock fertilization step in which fertilization is performed only at a predetermined position away from a seedling stock in a predetermined direction during a period other than the rooting time.

Images