JP2007246296A - Fly ash-based fertilizer and vegetation improving method by fly ash-based fertilizer - Google Patents
Fly ash-based fertilizer and vegetation improving method by fly ash-based fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、フライアッシュ系肥料及びフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法に関するもので、詳しくは、強酸性物質で汚染された酸性土壌を中性化し、更には土層を団粒化させて透水性及び通気性を高めることで泥濘化或いは粘土化を防止して土壌菌の活性化を促すことにより、不毛の大地を植生豊かな土壌に変換することができる優れた機能を有するフライアッシュ系肥料及びフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to fly ash fertilizer and a method for improving vegetation using fly ash fertilizer, and more specifically, neutralizes acidic soil contaminated with a strongly acidic substance, and further aggregates the soil layer to make water permeability. And a fly ash fertilizer having an excellent function capable of converting barren land into vegetation-rich soil by preventing mudification or clay formation by enhancing air permeability and promoting the activation of soil fungi, and The present invention relates to a method for improving vegetation using fly ash fertilizer.
従来から植林や農業分野では、強酸性化した土壌を植物の生育に適したｐＨ５．５〜６．５の弱酸性域にもどす手段としては、炭酸カルシウム等の石灰系薬剤を散布するなどの方法が一般的に用いられてきた。 Conventionally, in the field of afforestation and agriculture, as a means of returning strongly acidified soil to a weakly acidic range of pH 5.5 to 6.5 suitable for plant growth, a method of spraying lime based chemicals such as calcium carbonate Has been commonly used.
また、植物の生長を更に促進させるためには、必須栄養素であるカリウム、窒素、リンが調合された化学肥料を投与する方法が一般的に用いられてきた。 In order to further promote the growth of plants, a method of administering a chemical fertilizer formulated with essential nutrients potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus has been generally used.
しかし、これら従来の方法では、石灰系薬剤中の（アルカリ土類金属である）カルシウムと土壌中の酸性物質との中和反応により、単に当該強酸性土壌を中性化させるに過ぎない。また、石灰系薬剤の過剰投与は水酸イオン濃度が上昇し、植物の生育に必要な栄養素である鉄やマンガンなどが結合し植物が吸収できない状態になってしまう。 However, in these conventional methods, the strongly acidic soil is merely neutralized by a neutralization reaction between calcium (which is an alkaline earth metal) in the lime-based drug and acidic substances in the soil. In addition, excessive administration of lime-based drugs increases the concentration of hydroxide ions, and iron or manganese, which are nutrients necessary for plant growth, binds and the plant cannot be absorbed.
また、鉄塩やカルシウム塩が多すぎると電気伝導度が高くなり植物が生育障害に陥る大きな要因となるので、元々鉄分の多い酸性土壌を石灰系薬剤で中和する場合には、使用量に注意する必要がある。 If too much iron or calcium salt is used, the electrical conductivity increases and the plant becomes a major factor that causes growth failure. You need to be careful.
強酸性土壌を植林可能な中性土壌に改善するには、石灰を散布し、カリウム・窒素・リンなどの栄養成分を付加すれば一時的には達成できる。
しかしながら、中和目的のアルカリ成分と栄養成分の補充だけでは、恒常的に植物の発芽や生長が極めて早い優れた植林地や農地に変えるには十分ではなく、根本的に土質を変える植生改良方法が求められていた。
To improve strongly acidic soil to neutral soil that can be planted, it can be temporarily achieved by spraying lime and adding nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.
However, supplementation with alkali and nutrients for neutralization is not enough to constantly change to excellent plantation and farmland where plants germinate and grow very quickly, and a method for improving vegetation that fundamentally changes soil quality. Was demanded.
特許文献１には、フライアッシュをアルカリで処理しゼオライトとして結晶化したものを土壌に対して１０〜２０％程度混合することで、植物の成長を促進するようにした土壌改良材が提案されている。
しかし、この特許文献１の場合、土壌に対する土壌改良材の混合量が１０〜２０％程度と大量に必要になるという問題がある。
However, in the case of this patent document 1, there exists a problem that the mixing amount of the soil improvement material with respect to soil will be required in large quantities as about 10-20%.
本発明は、従来における上記事情に鑑みて開発されたものであり、従来の石灰や化学肥料を使用した植生改良方法における上記したような種々の問題を解決するための諸々の機能を兼ね備えた新規のフライアッシュ系肥料及びフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been developed in view of the above circumstances in the past, and is a novel combination of various functions for solving the various problems as described above in conventional methods for improving vegetation using lime and chemical fertilizers. An object of the present invention is to provide a fly ash fertilizer and a vegetation improvement method using fly ash fertilizer.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係るフライアッシュ系肥料は、主成分であるフライアッシュ１００重量部に対して、必須成分である硫酸カルシウム０．９〜９重量部、硫酸アルミニウム０．９〜９重量部、二酸化ケイ素０．９〜９重量部が配合されていることを最も主要な特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the fly ash fertilizer according to the present invention is composed of 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of calcium sulfate as an essential component and 0.9 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate with respect to 100 parts by weight of fly ash as a main component. The main feature is that -9 parts by weight and 0.9-9 parts by weight of silicon dioxide are blended.
本発明によれば以下の効果を奏する。
請求項１乃至３記載の発明及び請求項７乃至９記載の発明によれば、強酸性土壌等の改良対象土壌の土質改良による植生改良に際して、本発明に用いるフライアッシュ系肥料の散布によって（鉄、マンガンその他微量成分）栄養素の吸収阻害及び環境破壊、電気伝導度の上昇による植物の生育障害等を起こすことなく、植物の生育に適したｐＨ５．５〜６．５の弱酸性域に調整し、更には土層を団粒化させて透水性及び通気性を高めることで泥濘化或いは粘土化を防止して土壌菌の活性化を促すことにより根本的に土質を改良して恒常的に植物の発芽や生長が極めて早い優れた植林地や農地に変えることができる。
しかも、本発明において用いるフライアッシュ系肥料の原料の主成分が火力発電所などから排出される石炭灰であることから、その廃棄処分コスト及びリサイクルによる原料費低減等の顕著な経済効果をもたらすとともに、併せて環境リスクの低減をも図ることができる。
The present invention has the following effects.
According to the invention described in claims 1 to 3 and the invention described in claims 7 to 9, when vegetation is improved by improving the soil quality of the soil to be improved such as strongly acidic soil, the fly ash fertilizer used in the present invention is dispersed (iron , Manganese and other minor components) Adjust to a weakly acidic range of pH 5.5-6.5 suitable for plant growth without inhibiting absorption of nutrients, destroying the environment, or causing plant growth damage due to increased electrical conductivity. In addition, the soil layer is agglomerated to improve water permeability and air permeability, thereby preventing mud or clay, and promoting soil fungus activation, thereby improving the soil quality and constantly planting. It can be converted into an excellent plantation or farmland that germinates and grows very quickly.
Moreover, since the main component of the fly ash fertilizer used in the present invention is coal ash discharged from a thermal power plant or the like, it brings about significant economic effects such as disposal costs and reduction of raw material costs due to recycling. At the same time, environmental risks can be reduced.
請求項４乃至６記載の発明及び請求項１０乃至１２記載の発明によれば、請求項１乃至３記載の発明に係る構成に更に中和助剤として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物４〜５０重量部が配合されているフライアッシュ系肥料を改良対象土壌に対して０．５〜１０重量％の範囲で添加して改良対象土壌の中性化及び植生向上を図るものであるから、請求項１乃至３記載の発明及び請求項７乃至９記載の発明の場合と同様な効果を奏するとともに、改良対象土壌の中性化補助、粒度調整及び団粒化補助の機能を発揮させることができる。 According to the invention described in claims 4 to 6 and the invention described in claims 10 to 12, the structure according to the invention described in claims 1 to 3 is further made of limestone, quartzite, iron oxide, clay as a neutralizing aid. A fly ash fertilizer containing 4-50 parts by weight of a composition obtained by adding gypsum to a clinker that has been sintered and melted by heating and melting fine powder and a composition containing finely divided aluminum sulfate is applied to the soil to be improved. In the case of the invention according to claims 1 to 3 and the inventions according to claims 7 to 9, it is intended to neutralize and improve vegetation of the soil to be improved by adding in the range of 0.5 to 10 wt%. In addition, the functions of neutralization assistance, particle size adjustment and aggregate formation assistance can be exhibited.
本発明は、不毛の大地を植生豊かな土壌に変換することができる優れた機能を有するフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法を提供するという目的を、主成分であるフライアッシュ１００重量部に対して、必須成分である硫酸カルシウム０．９〜９重量部、硫酸アルミニウム０．９〜９重量部、二酸化ケイ素０．９〜９重量部が配合されているフライアッシュ系肥料を、改良対象土壌に対して０．５〜１０重量％の範囲で添加して前記改良対象土壌の中性化及び植生向上を図ることにより実現した。
本発明は、主成分であるフライアッシュ１００重量部に対して、必須成分である硫酸カルシウム０．９〜９重量部、硫酸アルミニウム０．９〜９重量部、二酸化ケイ素０．９〜９重量部が配合されていることを特徴とするフライアッシュ系肥料であり、また、前記必須成分である硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素の総重量部は前記主成分であるフライアッシュの３〜２０重量部の配合比であるフライアッシュ系肥料であり、更に、前記主成分であるフライアッシュが石炭灰であるフライアッシュ系肥料である。
更にまた、本発明は、主成分であるフライアッシュ１００重量部に対して、必須成分である硫酸カルシウム０．９〜９重量部、硫酸アルミニウム０．９〜９重量部、二酸化ケイ素０．９〜９重量部、更に中和助剤として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物４〜５０重量部が配合されているフライアッシュ系肥料であり、また、前記必須成分の硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素、更に添加物として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物の総重量部は、前記主成分であるフライアッシュの８〜６０重量部の配合比であるフライアッシュ系肥料であり、更に、前記主成分であるフライアッシュが石炭灰であるフライアッシュ系肥料である。
更にまた、本発明は、主成分であるフライアッシュ１００重量部に対して、必須成分である硫酸カルシウム０．９〜９重量部、硫酸アルミニウム０．９〜９重量部、二酸化ケイ素０．９〜９重量部が配合されているフライアッシュ系肥料を、改良対象土壌に対して０．５〜１０重量％の範囲で添加して、前記改良対象土壌の中性化及び植生向上を図るフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法であり、また、前記必須成分の硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素の総重量部は、前記主成分であるフライアッシュの３〜２０重量部の配合比であるフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法であり、そして、前記主成分であるフライアッシュが石炭灰であるフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法である。
更にまた、本発明は、主成分であるフライアッシュ１００重量部に対して、必須成分である硫酸カルシウム０．９〜９重量部、硫酸アルミニウム０．９〜９重量部、二酸化ケイ素０．９〜９重量部、更に中和助剤として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物４〜５０重量部が配合されているフライアッシュ系肥料を、改良対象土壌に対して０．５〜１０重量％の範囲で添加して、前記改良対象土壌の中性化及び植生向上を図るようにしたフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法であり、また、前記必須成分の硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素、更に添加物として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物の総重量部は、前記主成分であるフライアッシュの８〜６０重量部の配合比であるフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法であり、そして、前記主成分であるフライアッシュが石炭灰であるフライアッシュ系肥料による植生改良方法である。
なお、前記主成分であるフライアッシュの機能効率を向上させるために、当該フライアッシュの主要成分Ｓｉ（けい素）／Ａｌ（アルミニウム）／Ｃａ（カルシウム）比の過不足を後述する必須成分によって調整する必要がある。
（１）硫酸カルシウムは、土壌中の酸性物質と、後述する硫酸アルミニウムの解離により生成する酸の中和剤としての機能を発揮すると同時に、凝集・固化反応助剤としての機能も持ち、団粒化にも寄与するが、０．９重量部未満ではこれらの機能を発揮するのに不十分であり、９重量部を超えるとフライアッシュの主要成分Ｓｉ／Ａｌ／Ｃａ比のバランスを崩すことで逆に固化反応を遅延させ団粒化を阻害してしまう。
（２）硫酸アンモニウムは、加水分解反応により酸化アルミニウムＡｌ2Ｏ3と硫酸Ｈ2ＳＯ4に解離する。酸化アルミニウムは更にコロイド状の水酸化アルミニウムＡｌ（ＯＨ）3とイオン化した水酸化アルミニウム〔Ａｌm（ＯＨ）n +〕からなる重縮合水酸化アルミニウムに転化する。この重縮合水酸化アルミニウムの機能は、改良対象土壌中の土粒子間の電位を低下させる。そのために、土粒子間のバランスは崩壊し微粒子化されるが、新たに微粒子は整理されて凝集が進行し団粒化させることであるが、０．９重量部未満ではこの機能を発揮するのに不十分であり、９重量部を超えると解離した硫酸により酸性が強くなり中和機能が低下してしまう。
（３）二酸化ケイ素は、不水溶性なので当該改良対象土壌中の水分に溶解することなく微粒子核として粒度調整と団粒化を助長する機能を有するが、０．９重量部未満ではこれらの機能を発揮するのに不十分であり、９重量部を超えるとフライアッシュの主要成分Ｓｉ／Ａｌ／Ｃａ比のバランスを崩すことで当該フライアッシュの有する機能を低下させてしまう。
また、前記必須成分の硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、及び二酸化ケイ素の総重量部は、前記主成分であるフライアッシュの主要成分Ｓｉ／Ａｌ／Ｃａ比の過不足を調整するためのものであり、総重量部が３重量部未満では当該フライアッシュの機能効率を向上させるには不十分であり、２０重量部を越えると過多となって植生に悪影響を及ぼしてしまう。
更に、前記改良対象土壌の酸性度が強い場合の中和助剤として夫々の必須成分である石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物（４〜５０重量部を配合）は、石灰の１部が加水分解させて強アルカリ性の水酸化カルシウムが生成して中性化を補助する。また、珪石の成分であるケイ酸アルミニウムは溶解することなく微粒子核として粒度調整と団粒化を補助する。その他に微量含まれる酸化鉄は炭化水素系油分の分解・固定・変換反応などにおける触媒として相乗効果を促す作用がある。しかし、４重量部未満ではこれらの作用効果を発揮するのに不十分であり、５０重量部を超えるとアルカリ性が強くなり過ぎて植生に適した中性域から外れてしまう。
更にまた、前記必須成分の硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素、更に添加物として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物の総重量部は、前記主成分であるフライアッシュに対する総重量部の配合比が８重量部未満では前記機能を発揮するのに不十分であり、６０重量部を超えるとアルカリ性が強くなり過ぎて植生に適した中性域から外れてしまう。そして、これらの必須成分は、改良対象土壌の中性化補助、粒度調整及び団粒化補助の機能を有するものである。
The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving vegetation using fly ash fertilizer having an excellent function capable of converting barren earth into vegetation-rich soil, with respect to 100 parts by weight of fly ash as a main component. , A fly ash fertilizer containing 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, and 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, which is an essential component, It was realized by neutralizing and improving the vegetation of the soil to be improved by adding in the range of 0.5 to 10% by weight.
The present invention relates to 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of calcium sulfate as an essential component, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, and 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of silicon dioxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of fly ash as a main component. The fly ash fertilizer is characterized in that the essential components of calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate and silicon dioxide are 3 to 20 parts by weight of the fly ash as the main component. The fly ash fertilizer is a fly ash fertilizer in which the main component fly ash is coal ash.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, and 100 to parts by weight of fly ash as the main component. 9 parts by weight, and a composition comprising a finely pulverized product obtained by adding gypsum to a clinker obtained by heating and sintering a mineral powder composed of limestone, silica, iron oxide and clay as a neutralizing aid, and finely divided aluminum sulfate A fly ash fertilizer containing 4 to 50 parts by weight of a product, and the mineral powder composed of calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, silicon dioxide as essential components, and limestone, quartzite, iron oxide, clay as additives. The total weight part of the composition in which finely pulverized material obtained by adding gypsum to clinker that has been heated and sintered and melted, and the composition containing finely divided aluminum sulfate is fly ash which is the main component. 8-60 is a fly ash-based fertilizers is compounding ratio of parts by weight, further, said a main component fly ash is fly ash fertilizer is coal ash.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, and 100 to parts by weight of fly ash as the main component. A fly ash system in which 9 parts by weight of a fly ash fertilizer is added in a range of 0.5 to 10% by weight with respect to the soil to be improved, thereby achieving neutralization and vegetation improvement of the soil to be improved It is a method for improving vegetation by using fertilizer, and the fly ash fertilizer in which the total weight parts of the essential components of calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and silicon dioxide are 3 to 20 parts by weight of fly ash as the main component And the vegetation improvement method using fly ash fertilizer in which the fly ash as the main component is coal ash.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, 0.9 to 9 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, and 100 to parts by weight of fly ash as the main component. 9 parts by weight, and a composition comprising a finely pulverized product obtained by adding gypsum to a clinker obtained by heating and sintering a mineral powder composed of limestone, silica, iron oxide and clay as a neutralizing aid, and finely divided aluminum sulfate A fly ash fertilizer containing 4 to 50 parts by weight of the product is added in a range of 0.5 to 10% by weight with respect to the soil to be improved, so as to neutralize and improve vegetation. A method for improving vegetation by using fly ash fertilizer, and a mineral comprising calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, silicon dioxide as essential components, and limestone, quartzite, iron oxide, clay as additives. The total weight part of the composition comprising the finely pulverized product obtained by adding gypsum to the clinker obtained by heating and sintering the fine powder and the finely divided aluminum sulfate is 8 to 60 parts by weight of the fly ash as the main component. It is a vegetation improvement method using fly ash fertilizer having a blending ratio, and a vegetation improvement method using fly ash fertilizer in which the fly ash as the main component is coal ash.
In order to improve the functional efficiency of the fly ash, which is the main component, the excess / deficiency of the main component Si (silicon) / Al (aluminum) / Ca (calcium) ratio of the fly ash is adjusted by the essential components described later. There is a need to.
(1) Calcium sulfate has a function as a neutralizing agent for acid generated by dissociation of acidic substances in soil and aluminum sulfate, which will be described later, and also has a function as an agglomeration / solidification reaction aid. However, if the amount is less than 0.9 part by weight, it is insufficient to exert these functions. If the amount exceeds 9 parts by weight, the balance of the main component Si / Al / Ca ratio of fly ash is lost. Conversely, the solidification reaction is delayed and aggregate formation is inhibited.
(2) Ammonium sulfate is dissociated into aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 and sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 by a hydrolysis reaction. The aluminum oxide is further converted into polycondensed aluminum hydroxide composed of colloidal aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 and ionized aluminum hydroxide [Al m (OH) n + ]. The function of this polycondensed aluminum hydroxide lowers the potential between soil particles in the soil to be improved. For this reason, the balance between the soil particles collapses and becomes fine particles, but the fine particles are newly arranged and agglomeration proceeds and aggregates, but this function is exhibited at less than 0.9 parts by weight. If the amount exceeds 9 parts by weight, the acidity is increased by the dissociated sulfuric acid and the neutralization function is lowered.
(3) Since silicon dioxide is insoluble in water, it has a function of promoting particle size adjustment and agglomeration as fine particle nuclei without being dissolved in moisture in the soil to be improved. When the amount exceeds 9 parts by weight, the function of the fly ash is deteriorated by breaking the balance of the main component Si / Al / Ca ratio of the fly ash.
The total weight parts of the essential components calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and silicon dioxide are for adjusting the excess / deficiency of the main component Si / Al / Ca ratio of the fly ash as the main component. If the part by weight is less than 3 parts by weight, it is insufficient to improve the functional efficiency of the fly ash. If the part by weight exceeds 20 parts by weight, it becomes excessive and adversely affects vegetation.
Furthermore, gypsum is applied to a clinker obtained by heating and sintering and melting mineral powders composed of limestone, silica, iron oxide, and clay, which are essential components as neutralization aids when the acidity of the soil to be improved is strong. The composition (comprising 4 to 50 parts by weight) containing finely pulverized product and pulverized aluminum sulfate added hydrolyzes 1 part of lime to produce strong alkaline calcium hydroxide to assist neutralization To do. In addition, aluminum silicate, which is a component of silica stone, assists particle size adjustment and agglomeration as fine particle nuclei without dissolving. In addition, iron oxide contained in a trace amount has an action of promoting a synergistic effect as a catalyst in decomposition, fixation, and conversion reactions of hydrocarbon oils. However, if it is less than 4 parts by weight, it is insufficient to exert these effects, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the alkalinity becomes too strong and the neutral region suitable for vegetation falls off.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned essential components calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, silicon dioxide, and mineral powder composed of limestone, quartzite, iron oxide, clay as additives are heated to sinter and melt the clinker added with gypsum. The total weight part of the composition containing the pulverized product and finely divided aluminum sulfate is insufficient to exert the above function when the blending ratio of the total weight part to the fly ash as the main component is less than 8 parts by weight. If it exceeds the parts by weight, the alkalinity becomes too strong and the neutral region suitable for vegetation falls off. And these essential components have the function of neutralization assistance of a soil for improvement, particle size adjustment, and agglomeration assistance.
以下に本発明の実施例を説明する。
本発明の実施例に係るフライアッシュ系肥料は、フライアッシュを主要成分とし、これに必須成分として硫酸カルシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、二酸化ケイ素が均一に配合されて構成されている。
前記フライアッシュは、高温燃焼された乾燥灰で比表面積が大きく、ケイ素、アルミニウム及びカルシウム成分を比較的多く含み、鉄やマンガンその他ミネラル成分も微量含有した石炭灰（fry ash of coal）を選定する。
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
The fly ash fertilizer according to the embodiment of the present invention includes fly ash as a main component, and calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and silicon dioxide are uniformly blended therein as essential components.
The fly ash is a dry ash combusted at high temperature, has a large specific surface area, contains a relatively large amount of silicon, aluminum, and calcium components, and also selects a fry ash of coal that contains a small amount of iron, manganese and other mineral components. .
特に改良対象土壌の酸性度が強い場合には、更に中和助剤として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物が添加されて構成されている。 In particular, when the soil to be improved is highly acidic, it is further pulverized by adding gypsum to a clinker that has been sintered and melted by heating mineral powder consisting of limestone, silica, iron oxide, and clay as neutralization aids. The composition which mix | blended the thing and the fine powder aluminum sulfate was added and comprised.
本実施例に係るフライアッシュ系肥料を構成する各成分の機能については、以下の通りである。
前記フライアッシュの機能は、含有するカルシウムその他のアルカリ成分が酸性土壌を中性化することである。また、その他にも以下に詳述する機能も併せ持っている。
すなわち、フライアッシュ（軽灰）のポーラス（多孔質）面に水分と共に有害物質、臭気を短時間で吸収する物理的作用と、一方では化学的作用として、成分中の水和化鉱物によって水和反応が起こり、速やかにエトリンガイトが生成する。このエトリンガイトは構造中に多数の結晶水を包含可能なために、その生成過程で多量の水分を吸収して、土質の含水比を低下させながら針状結晶化していく。この針状結晶には層状の隙間が多数あるので、その間に土粒子を吸着しながら土壌を迅速に団粒化していく。その結果、土層内部に空間が生じ透水性が良くなることで泥濘化や粘土化が防止され、植物の根腐れや生育障害が抑制される。
About the function of each component which comprises the fly ash type fertilizer which concerns on a present Example, it is as follows.
The function of the fly ash is to neutralize acidic soil by the contained calcium and other alkaline components. In addition, it also has the functions detailed below.
That is, the porous surface of fly ash (light ash) absorbs harmful substances and odors together with moisture in a short time, and on the other hand, it is hydrated by hydrated minerals in the components as a chemical effect. Reaction occurs and ettringite is rapidly formed. Since this ettringite can contain a large amount of water of crystallization in its structure, it absorbs a large amount of water during its formation process and crystallizes while reducing the moisture content of the soil. Since there are many layered gaps in this acicular crystal, soil is rapidly aggregated while adsorbing soil particles between them. As a result, a space is generated inside the soil layer and water permeability is improved, so that mudification and clay formation are prevented, and plant root rot and growth disturbance are suppressed.
一方、通気性も良くなるので土壌菌が活性化し、有機物の分解が促進されることで、土壌中にカリウム・窒素・リンなどが供給される。このような必須栄養成分の自然循環により、不毛な大地を植生豊かな林業、農業地に変換できる。 On the other hand, since air permeability is improved, soil bacteria are activated and decomposition of organic matter is promoted, so that potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. are supplied into the soil. Such natural circulation of essential nutrients can convert barren land into vegetation-rich forestry and agricultural land.
更に、上述の水和反応で生じた水和物が、土粒子中の鉱物と反応してボゾランを生成する。その形状は無数の粒子構造（多孔質粒子）をもち、吸着包含した土粒子の水分を飽和状態に保持する性質を持つため、保水性に優れ、旱魃（かんばつ）の被害を低減できる。 Furthermore, the hydrate produced by the above hydration reaction reacts with the mineral in the soil particles to produce bozolan. Its shape has an infinite number of particle structures (porous particles), and has the property of maintaining the moisture of the soil particles adsorbed and contained in a saturated state, so it has excellent water retention and can reduce damage to drought.
上記の機能効率を向上させるためには、改良対象土壌の酸性度によって、フライアッシュの主要成分Ｓｉ（けい素）／Ａｌ（アルミニウム）／Ｃａ（カルシウム）比の過不足を後述する必須成分によって調整する必要がある。 In order to improve the above functional efficiency, the excess / deficiency of the main component Si (silicon) / Al (aluminum) / Ca (calcium) ratio of fly ash is adjusted by the essential components described later according to the acidity of the soil to be improved. There is a need to.
本実施例に係るフライアッシュ系肥料の必須成分である硫酸カルシウムの改良対象土壌に対する作用、効果については、以下の通りである。
すなわち、土壌中の酸性物質と、後述する硫酸アルミニウムの解離により生成する酸の中和剤としての機能を発揮すると同時に、凝集・固化反応助剤としての機能も持ち、団粒化にも寄与する。
About the effect | action with respect to the soil for improvement of the calcium sulfate which is an essential component of the fly ash type fertilizer which concerns on a present Example, it is as follows.
In other words, it functions as a neutralizing agent for acid produced by the dissociation of acidic substances in the soil and aluminum sulfate, which will be described later, and at the same time has a function as an agglomeration / solidification reaction aid, contributing to aggregation. .
硫酸アルミニウムは、加水分解反応により酸化アルミニウムＡｌ2Ｏ3と硫酸Ｈ2ＳＯ4に解離する。酸化アルミニウムは更にコロイド状の水酸化アルミニウムＡｌ（ＯＨ）3とイオン化した水酸化アルミニウム〔Ａｌm（ＯＨ）n +〕からなる重縮合水酸化アルミニウムに転化する。この重縮合水酸化アルミニウムは、当該改良対象土壌中の土粒子間の電位を低下させる。そのために、土粒子間のバランスは崩壊し微粒子化されるが、新たに微粒子は整理されて凝集が進行し団粒化することになる。
二酸化ケイ素は、不水溶性なので当該改良対象土壌中の水分に溶解することなく、微粒子核として粒度調整と団粒化を助長する。
Aluminum sulfate is dissociated into aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 and sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 by a hydrolysis reaction. The aluminum oxide is further converted into polycondensed aluminum hydroxide composed of colloidal aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) 3 and ionized aluminum hydroxide [Al m (OH) n + ]. This polycondensed aluminum hydroxide reduces the potential between soil particles in the soil to be improved. For this reason, the balance between the soil particles collapses and becomes fine particles. However, the fine particles are newly arranged, and agglomeration proceeds and aggregates.
Since silicon dioxide is insoluble in water, it does not dissolve in moisture in the soil to be improved, and promotes particle size adjustment and aggregation as fine particle nuclei.
改良対象土壌の酸性度が強い場合の中和助剤として必須成分である石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物は、石灰の１部が加水分解されて強アルカリ性の水酸化カルシウムが生成して中性化を補助する。また、珪石の成分であるケイ酸アルミニウムは溶解することなく微粒子核として粒度調整と団粒化を補助する。その他に微量含まれる酸化鉄は炭化水素系油分の分解・固定・変換反応などにおける触媒として相乗効果を促す作用がある。 Fine grinding of gypsum added to clinker that is obtained by heating and sintering and melting mineral powder consisting of limestone, silica, iron oxide, and clay, which are essential components as neutralization aids when the soil to be improved is highly acidic In the composition containing the product and finely divided aluminum sulfate, part of the lime is hydrolyzed to form strong alkaline calcium hydroxide to assist neutralization. In addition, aluminum silicate, which is a component of silica stone, assists particle size adjustment and agglomeration as fine particle nuclei without dissolving. In addition, iron oxide contained in a trace amount has an action of promoting a synergistic effect as a catalyst in decomposition, fixation, and conversion reactions of hydrocarbon oils.
本実施例に係るフライアッシュ系肥料の添加量は、当該改良対象土壌の酸性度或いは含水比、本フライアッシュ系肥料の作用機構を阻害する油分その他の無極性物質の含有量によって決定されるが、極端な強酸性汚染土壌でなければ０．５〜１０重量％の範囲内で処理される。 The addition amount of fly ash fertilizer according to the present embodiment is determined by the acidity or water content ratio of the soil to be improved, the content of oil and other nonpolar substances that inhibit the action mechanism of the fly ash fertilizer. If the soil is not extremely strongly acidic, it is treated within the range of 0.5 to 10% by weight.
以下に本発明に係る具体的実施例を挙げて更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 Specific examples according to the present invention will be described below in more detail, but the present invention is not limited to these.
（実施例１）
１．フライアッシュ系肥料Ａの調整
主成分である石炭灰『主要成分含有比（重量％）：二酸化ケイ素４６，酸化アルミニウム３６，酸化第二鉄５，酸化カルシウム５，酸化チタン２，酸化マグネシウム１，酸化カリウム１，酸化ナトリウム１，五酸化リン１』１００重量部に対して、必須成分として硫酸カルシウム２．７重量部と、硫酸アルミニウム２．３重量部と、二酸化ケイ素２．３重量部を配合し、均一に混合して本実施例１のフライアッシュ系肥料Ａを調整した。
２．上記で調整したフライアッシュ系肥料Ａを使用して、鉄の含有量が多い酸性土壌、アルミニウムの含有量が多い酸性土壌の各土壌を改良対象原土とし、夫々の原土に対して当該フライアッシュ系肥料を０．５〜１０％の範囲で添加して、中性化及び植生向上化性能試験を実施した。その結果を表１と表２に示す。
Example 1
1. Adjustment of fly ash fertilizer A Main component coal ash “Main component content ratio (% by weight): silicon dioxide 46, aluminum oxide 36, ferric oxide 5, calcium oxide 5, titanium oxide 2, magnesium oxide 1, oxidation For 100 parts by weight of potassium 1, sodium oxide 1, phosphorus pentoxide 1), 2.7 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 2.3 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, and 2.3 parts by weight of silicon dioxide are blended as essential components. The fly ash fertilizer A of Example 1 was prepared by mixing uniformly.
2. Using the fly ash fertilizer A prepared as described above, acid soils with a high iron content and acid soils with a high aluminum content are used as improvement target soils. Ash-based fertilizer was added in a range of 0.5 to 10%, and a neutralization and vegetation improvement performance test was performed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
表１に示すように、鉄含有土壌には２．５〜５重量％、アルミニウム含有土壌では１．２５重量％添加すれば酸性土壌を植物の生育に適したｐＨ５．５〜６．５の弱酸性土壌に改良できる。 As shown in Table 1, when adding 2.5 to 5 wt% to iron-containing soil and 1.25 wt% to aluminum-containing soil, acidic soil is weak at pH 5.5 to 6.5 suitable for plant growth. Can improve to acidic soil.
表２に示すように、鉄含有土壌には５重量％添加すれば麦の収穫量は倍増し、アルミニウム含有土壌では０．５重量％添加で約３倍に増え、５重量％添加では７．６倍増の収穫が可能となる。 As shown in Table 2, when 5 wt% is added to the iron-containing soil, the yield of wheat doubles, and when the aluminum-containing soil is added 0.5 wt%, the yield increases approximately 3 times. A 6-fold increase in harvest is possible.
（実施例２）
１．フライアッシュ系肥料Ｂの調整
主成分である石炭灰「主要成分含有比（重量％）：二酸化ケイ素５８，酸化アルミニウム２５，酸化第二鉄４，酸化カルシウム３，酸化チタン２，酸化マグネシウム１，酸化カリウム１，酸化ナトリウム１」１００重量部に対して、必須成分として硫酸カルシウム３．２重量部と、硫酸アルミニウム２．７重量部と、二酸化ケイ素２．７重量部と、更に中和助剤として石灰石、珪石、酸化鉄、粘土からなる鉱物質粉末を加熱して焼結・融解させたクリンカーに石膏を加えた微粉砕物及び微粉硫酸アルミニウムを配合した組成物１５．８重量部を配合し、均一に混合して本実施例のフライアッシュ系肥料Ｂを調整した。
２．上記で調整したフライアッシュ系肥料Bを使用して、硫酸酸性土壌を改良対象原土とし、この原土に対して、当該フライアッシュ系肥料Ｂを０．５〜１０％の範囲で添加して中性化及び植生向上化性能試験を実施した。その結果を表３と表４に示す。
(Example 2)
1. Adjustment of fly ash fertilizer B Main component of coal ash "Main component content ratio (wt%): silicon dioxide 58, aluminum oxide 25, ferric oxide 4, calcium oxide 3, titanium oxide 2, magnesium oxide 1, oxidation For 100 parts by weight of potassium 1, sodium oxide 1 ”, 3.2 parts by weight of calcium sulfate, 2.7 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, 2.7 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, and further as a neutralizing aid. 15.8 parts by weight of a composition comprising a finely pulverized product obtained by adding gypsum to a clinker obtained by heating and sintering / melting a mineral powder composed of limestone, silica stone, iron oxide, and clay, and a composition containing finely divided aluminum sulfate, The fly ash fertilizer B of this example was prepared by mixing uniformly.
2. Using the fly ash fertilizer B adjusted as described above, sulfate acid soil is used as the improvement target soil, and the fly ash fertilizer B is added to the raw soil in a range of 0.5 to 10%. Neutralization and vegetation improvement performance tests were conducted. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
表３に示すように、硫酸酸性土壌には１．２５〜２．５重量％添加すれば、酸性土壌を植物の生育に適したｐＨ５．５〜６．５の弱酸性、乃至中性土壌に改良できる。 As shown in Table 3, when 1.25 to 2.5% by weight is added to sulfuric acid acidic soil, the acidic soil becomes weakly acidic or neutral soil having a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 suitable for plant growth. Can be improved.
表４に示すように、硫酸酸性土壌には０．５重量％添加で約３倍に増え、５重量％添加では８．５倍増の収穫が可能となる。 As shown in Table 4, the addition of 0.5% by weight to the sulfuric acid soil increases about 3 times, and the addition of 5% by weight makes it possible to harvest 8.5 times more.
本発明のフライアッシュ系肥料は、鉄、アルミニウムその他各種酸性物質の含有量が多い土壌の中性化、植生改良に幅広く適用可能である。 The fly ash fertilizer of the present invention can be widely applied to neutralization and vegetation improvement of soil with a high content of iron, aluminum and other various acidic substances.
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| CN108101666A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-01 | 威海市福斯特硅胶有限公司 | The preparation method and siliceous fertilizer of siliceous fertilizer composition and siliceous fertilizer |
| CN108249989A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-06 | 威海市福斯特硅胶有限公司 | The preparation method and siliceous fertilizer of siliceous fertilizer composition and siliceous fertilizer |
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- 2007-03-08 AU AU2007201032A patent/AU2007201032A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08157817A (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-18 | Dorimu Kk | Inorganic material for greening and stabilizing soil and spraying of thick-layer substrate seed or stabilization of soil using the same |
| JPH1036836A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Yamashita Kenji | Spraying soil stabilizer for planting |
| JP2004008904A (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2004-01-15 | Mikuni:Kk | Mud modification and solidification-stabilizing agent |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105669280A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆中合大正商贸有限公司 | Process for producing silicon fertilizer by utilizing electrothermal process calcium carbide furnace precipitator dust |
| JP6250861B1 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-20 | 克支 古賀 | Seedling production method |
| CN108101666A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-01 | 威海市福斯特硅胶有限公司 | The preparation method and siliceous fertilizer of siliceous fertilizer composition and siliceous fertilizer |
| CN108249989A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-06 | 威海市福斯特硅胶有限公司 | The preparation method and siliceous fertilizer of siliceous fertilizer composition and siliceous fertilizer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2007201032A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
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