CN107603632B - Inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner and application thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner, which comprises medical stone, sepiolite, a calcium source, iron powder, biochar, humate and a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the calcium source is an oxide or hydroxide of calcium; wherein the particle size of the iron powder is 10-40 μm; the particle size of the medical stone, the sepiolite and the calcium source is 150-400 meshes; the grain sizes of the biochar, the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the humate are 1-2 mm. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the conditioner. Through a large amount of researches, the inventor discovers that the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner with granular morphology can be prepared by compounding the components with the particle size range without auxiliary granulation additives. The preparation method is simple, the application is convenient, the heavy metal polluted soil can be repaired and treated, the grain safety is ensured, the soil structure can be improved, the grain quality is improved, and the application and the acceptance are convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment and improvement technology of heavy metal polluted farmland soil, in particular to preparation and application of an inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner.
Background
Heavy metal pollution of farmland soil becomes a serious environmental problem threatening the safe production of food in China and reaches the extent that the pollution cannot be ignored. The country in 4 months in 2014 starts the heavy metal polluted farmland restoration and treatment work, and through research, pilot plant and demonstration work in recent years, a large amount of soil conditioner products aiming at the restoration of the heavy metal polluted farmland appear, but most of the products are powder. For example: the Chinese patent document with the publication number of CN 105131961A discloses a modifier for cadmium-contaminated soil, which comprises the components of 110-140 meshes of medical stone, 110-140 meshes of humic acid mineral powder, 110-140 meshes of sepiolite, 110-140 meshes of plant ash, 110-140 meshes of kaolin and 110-140 meshes of zeolite. The particle size of the catalyst waste agent is less than or equal to 10 nm. The soil conditioner disclosed in this prior art is a powder.
For another example, the four commercially available soil conditioners used in the release and absorption of cadmium and lead by the four soil conditioners of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences and the institute of agricultural compartmentalization [ M ]. the research on the adsorption of cadmium and lead by the four soil conditioners of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences and the institute of agricultural compartmentalization [ china soil and fertilizer, 2012 (4)).
A large number of research results show that the soil conditioner is practical and effective for repairing and improving the soil with obstacles, but the market popularization of the current soil conditioner products is not ideal enough, and the main reasons are that the consciousness of farmers is low, the cognition on the products is low, the acceptance is low, the existing farmland soil repairing powder is inconvenient to broadcast, the effect is single, and the main factor is unacceptable. (Sun thrips front, Wang Xue. research and application progress of soil conditioner [ M ]. research of agricultural resources and agricultural division of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences. Chinese soil and fertilizer, 2013 (1)). Under the large background of developing modern agriculture, research institutions and enterprises should strengthen research and develop products applicable to road alignment and aiming at typical obstacle soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at solving the problems of inconvenient spreading, single effect and large popularization difficulty of the existing farmland soil repairing agent which is powder; the invention aims to provide an inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner (also called soil conditioner for short), and aims to provide a granular farmland soil repairing agent which is beneficial to popularization and has excellent heavy metal treatment effect through the compound thought of materials and material shapes. Meanwhile, the fertilizer has the functions of improving the granular structure of the soil and enhancing the self-purification capability of the soil.
An inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner comprises medical stone, sepiolite, a calcium source, iron powder, biochar, humate and a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the calcium source is an oxide or hydroxide of calcium;
wherein the particle size of the iron powder is 10-40 μm;
the particle size of the medical stone, the sepiolite and the calcium source is 150-400 meshes;
the grain sizes of the biochar, the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the humate are 1-2 mm.
Through a large amount of researches, the inventor discovers that the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner with granular morphology can be prepared by compounding the components with the particle size range without auxiliary granulation additives. The soil conditioner is beneficial to broadcasting and application and popularization; the heavy metal treatment effect can be synergistically improved, and the content of absorbed heavy metals in crops is reduced; in addition, it can also provide the elements of silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium, etc. necessary for plant growth, and has a certain effect of increasing yield. The soil conditioner can repair and treat heavy metal contaminated soil to ensure grain safety, can improve the soil structure to improve the grain quality, and is convenient to apply.
In the soil conditioner, iron powder with small particle size is used; medical stone, sepiolite and calcium source with medium particle size; and the biochar with large particle size, the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the humate are mutually cooperated, so that the components are mixed with water and then granulated, the auxiliary binder is not needed in the prior art, and the pesticide effect release of the soil conditioner is facilitated.
According to the invention, the weight parts of the components are reasonably regulated and controlled, so that direct granulation and heavy metal treatment effects are facilitated.
Preferably, the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-40 parts of medical stone;
10-20 parts of sepiolite;
8-20 parts of a calcium source;
8-13 parts of iron powder;
8-15 parts of biochar;
10-20 parts of humate;
8-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Further preferably, the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
26-36 parts of medical stone;
10-18 parts of sepiolite;
8-13 parts of a calcium source;
8-13 parts of iron powder;
8-15 parts of biochar;
10-20 parts of humate;
8-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. In the preferable ratio range, the treatment effect of the heavy metal is better, and the granulation rate effect of the material is better.
Preferably, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 26 to 36 percent of medical stone, 10 to 18 percent of sepiolite, 8 to 13 percent of hydrated lime, 8 to 13 percent of iron powder, 8 to 15 percent of biochar, 10 to 20 percent of potassium humate and 8 to 15 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Further preferably, the particle size of each component is further finely controlled in the above component ratio, so that the granulation effect and the heavy metal treatment effect can be further improved.
Preferably, the particle size of the medical stone, the sepiolite and the calcium source is 150-200 meshes.
Preferably, the particle size of the iron powder is 10 to 30 μm.
Preferably, the particle size of the biochar, the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the humate is 1.5-2 mm.
Preferably, the particle size of the medical stone is 150-200 meshes. The preferable weight portion of the medical stone is 20-30 portions. The particle size of the sepiolite is 150-200 meshes. The preferable weight portion of the sepiolite is 15-20 portions. The particle size of the calcium source is 150-200 meshes. The preferable weight portion of the calcium source is 8-10 portions. The particle size of the iron powder is 10-40 μm. The preferable weight part of the iron powder is 8-10 parts. The particle size of the biochar is 1-1.8 mm. The preferable weight portion of the biochar is 8-10 portions. The particle size of the humate is 1-1.8 mm. The preferable weight part of the humate is 10-15 parts. The grain size of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 1.5-2.0 mm. The preferable calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 8-10 parts by weight. Through research, the inventor unexpectedly finds that the granulation rate can reach as high as 90% and the content of heavy metals can be further obviously improved at the further preferable material particle size and weight portion.
Preferably, the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizerMiddle, full phosphorus (as P)2O5Calculated by MgO is more than or equal to 16 percent, magnesium (calculated by MgO) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and calcium (calculated by CaO) is more than or equal to 15 percent.
In the present invention, the calcium source is preferably hydrated lime. The inventor finds that the calcium salt subjected to hydration treatment is more beneficial to granulation and improvement of treatment effect of heavy metals.
More preferably, Ca (OH) is contained in the slaked lime2≥96％。
In the present invention, the humate may be used in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. The humate is preferably potassium humate. The inventor unexpectedly finds that the potassium humate is more beneficial to subsequent granulation and the improvement of the treatment effect of heavy metals.
In the invention, the medical stone can be 150-mesh and 200-mesh powder which is prepared by screening, crushing and grading crude medical stone ores. The sepiolite is 150-mesh 200-mesh powder prepared by air drying and crushing raw sepiolite ores. The slaked lime is 400 mesh powder. The iron powder is porous reduced iron powder with the particle size of 10-40 mu m.
The biochar can be obtained by carbonizing the existing carbon raw materials (such as straws, crop wastes and the like) by the existing method. The biochar particles obtained by carbonizing a shell raw material are preferred.
The humate and the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer can be prepared by the existing method or purchased from commercial products.
In the invention, the components and the control of the particle sizes of the components can solve the technical problems of inconvenient application, unsatisfactory application effect and the like caused by the existing powdery conditioner. All components are nontoxic and harmless to organisms; and contains a large amount of elements such as silicon, iron, magnesium and the like required by plant growth; the composite material has the effects of complexing, precipitating, adsorbing, passivating, ion exchanging and the like on heavy metals in soil, and is beneficial to adsorbing and fixing the heavy metals in the soil, so that the heavy metal ions are converted into a stable form, and the effects of treating the heavy metals in the soil, improving the silicon deficiency of the soil and the like are achieved.
In the invention, the particle size of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner is 2-5 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner, which is obtained by mixing the components with water and granulating.
According to the preparation method, granulation can be realized without granulating additives (such as adhesives) through the cooperation of the shapes and the components; the prepared soil conditioner is more beneficial to application, and is easy to disintegrate after application and release the pesticide effect.
The preparation method of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing powdery components (small-particle-size components) such as medical stone, sepiolite, iron powder, hydrated lime and the like according to a proportion, uniformly mixing granular materials (large-particle-size components) such as biochar, potassium humate, calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the like according to a proportion, spraying the powdery mixture into the granular mixture while spraying water, and fully mixing to obtain the granular inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner.
Preferably, the water spraying amount in the preparation process is 3.5-5%. The amount of water sprayed is the weight percent of water relative to the total weight of the soil conditioner. That is, the water spraying amount is the percentage of the weight of water to the weight of (medical stone, sepiolite, calcium source, iron powder, biochar, humate and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer).
The invention also comprises an application of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner, and the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner is applied to the soil of the polluted cultivated land.
The conditioner is preferably applied to farmland soil, can help to reduce the heavy metal content of crops planted in the soil after application of the conditioner, and has a certain yield increasing effect.
Preferably, the application amount of the soil conditioner per mu is 50-150 kg.
Preferably, the application is as follows: about ten days before farming, the soil conditioner is uniformly spread on the soil surface by adopting manpower or machinery, then ploughing and mixing uniformly, standing and reacting for one week, and then carrying out normal crop planting.
Further preferably, the soil conditioner is applied to the soil surface of the cultivated land 5-7 days before the farming, then the soil conditioner is ploughed and mixed, and after standing and reacting for 3-5 days, the normal crop planting is carried out.
Has the advantages that:
1. the composite soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can be used for regulating the pH value of soil and simultaneously reducing the bioavailability and the mobility of heavy metals through a series of actions such as adsorption, complexation, ion exchange, oxidation reduction and precipitation, and has a good repairing effect.
2. The composite soil conditioner contains a large amount of silicon elements, can inhibit the absorption of crops on heavy metals, can improve the condition of lacking silicon in large-area cultivated land in China, and enhances the self-cleaning capability of soil. Meanwhile, the added components such as biochar, potassium humate and the like can supplement the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, improve the soil fertility and improve the yield and quality of crops.
3. The main raw materials of the composite soil conditioner are natural minerals, so the composite soil conditioner is environment-friendly and has wide sources. The granular soil conditioner is formed by naturally mixing and bonding the powder and the small granules, and can quickly release effective components to react with heavy metals in soil. And the granular fertilizer is convenient to spread and popularize.
4. Through the compounding synergy of the materials with different particle sizes, the granulation rate after mixing with water is up to more than 90 percent; convenient application, favorable release of drug effect and obviously improved removal rate of heavy metals such as cadmium.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. The raw materials used in the following examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified;
total phosphorus (as P) in calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer2O5Calculated by MgO is more than or equal to 16 percent, magnesium (calculated by MgO) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and calcium (calculated by CaO) is more than or equal to 15 percent.
In the slaked lime, Ca (OH)2≥96％。
Example 1
Mixing the following powdery raw materials: 30kg of medical stone (150-: 10kg of biochar (1-1.5mm), 15kg of potassium humate (1-1.5mm) and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer (1.5-2mm) are uniformly mixed, then the powdery mixture is sprayed into the granular mixture while spraying water (the water amount is 4 percent of the total mass), and 100kg of granular inorganic-organic compound soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 2
Mixing the following powdery raw materials: 20kg of medical stone (150-: 10kg of biochar (1-1.5mm), 10kg of potassium humate (1-1.5mm) and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer (1.5-2mm) are uniformly mixed, then the powdery mixture is sprayed into the granular mixture while spraying water (the water amount is 4 percent of the total mass), and 100kg of granular inorganic-organic compound soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 3
Mixing the following powdery raw materials: 40kg of medical stone (150-: 10kg of biochar (1-1.5mm), 10kg of potassium humate (1-1.5mm) and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer (1.5-2mm) are uniformly mixed, then the powdery mixture is sprayed into the granular mixture while spraying water (the water amount is 4 percent of the total mass), and 100kg of granular inorganic-organic compound soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
The soil conditioner prepared in example 1, example 2 and example 3 was added to 10kg of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil in a mass fraction of 0.15%, mixed well and left for 5 days to perform a rice potting test, and each treatment was repeated three times while 3 blank Controls (CK) were set. The cadmium content of the rice is detected after the rice is mature, and the effect comparison is shown in an attached table 1.
TABLE 1
| CK | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Cadmium content of rice (mg/kg) | 0.27 | 0.092 | 0.17 | 0.14 |
| Cadmium reduction efficiency of rice (%) | 65.93％ | 37.04％ | 48.15％ |
Examples 1 to 3 show that the treatment effect is more excellent in the range of the ratio of example 1, and the granulation effect of example 1 is more excellent than that of examples 2 and 3.
Comparative example 1
Mixing the following powdery raw materials: 30kg of medical stone (200 meshes), 15kg of sepiolite (200 meshes), 10kg of hydrated lime (200 meshes) and 10kg of iron powder (30 mu m) are uniformly mixed, and the granular raw materials are prepared by the following steps: 10kg of biochar (200 meshes), 15kg of potassium humate (200 meshes) and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer (200 meshes) are uniformly mixed, then the powdery mixture is sprayed into the granular mixture while spraying water (the water amount is 4 percent of the total mass), and the 100kg of inorganic-organic compound soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
Comparative example 2
Mixing the following powdery raw materials: 30kg of medical stone (200 meshes), 15kg of sepiolite (200 meshes), 10kg of quicklime (200 meshes) and 10kg of iron powder (30 mu m) are uniformly mixed, and the granular raw materials are prepared by the following steps: 10kg of biochar (1.5mm), 15kg of humic acid (200 meshes) and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer (2mm) are uniformly mixed, then the powdery mixture is sprayed into the granular mixture while spraying water (the water amount is calculated by 4 percent of the total mass), and 100kg of the inorganic-organic compound soil conditioner is obtained after uniform mixing.
The soil conditioners prepared in the embodiment 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are added into 100g of cadmium-polluted farmland soil according to the mass fraction of 0.15%, the soil conditioners are uniformly mixed and stand for 5 days, the content of effective cadmium in the soil is detected, and the effect comparison is shown in an attached table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 4
The composite soil conditioner prepared in example 1 was used to perform a restoration effect test in three places, namely Changsha county, Tanzhou county and Hunan Tan county, and the background values of the three places before restoration are shown in attached Table 3.
TABLE 3 background values before repair
| Location of a site | pH of soil | Total cadmium content of soil (mg/kg) | Content of available cadmium (mg/kg) |
| Changsha county | 5.7 | 0.26 | 0.11 |
| Zhou county | 5.9 | 0.78 | 0.36 |
| Xiangtan county | 6.0 | 0.36 | 0.15 |
Each spot test set was 2 treatments without any Conditioner (CK) and 100kg of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner of the present invention (soil conditioner) per acre, each treatment was replicated three times and randomly arranged. Cell area 5m x 6m (30 m)3) The space between every two districts is 0.5m, single-row single irrigation is carried out, ridges between every two districts are higher than 15cm, plastic films are wrapped on the ridges of all the districts to be lower than 20cm, and the phenomenon that fertilizer and water are mixed between every two districts is avoided. The rice (Xiang early indica 32) is uniformly planted in each treatment, the planting density is 17cm multiplied by 23cm, and 4-5 basic seedlings are planted in each hole.
The soil conditioner is applied together with base fertilizer before ploughing, and other measures such as fertilization, pest control, water management and the like are consistent with local planting habits.
After the rice is mature, the pH value of the soil, the content of cadmium in an effective state and the content of cadmium in rice are detected, and the yield is measured in a unified mode. The detailed results are shown in attached tables 4, 5 and 6.
Table 4 attached repair test results in Changsha county
Repair test results of Tanzhou county in appendix 5
Supplementary table 6 Hunan Tan county repair test result
The results show that after the soil conditioning is used for repairing farmlands in Changsha county, Tanzhou county and Hunan Tan county, the pH of the soil is respectively increased by 0.3, 0.2 and 0.7; the effective cadmium in the soil is respectively reduced by 16.36 percent, 58.56 percent and 48.00 percent; the cadmium content in the rice is respectively reduced by 45.63 percent, 40.63 percent and 31.00 percent; the rice yield is increased by 1.14%, 2.87% and 3.43% respectively. The soil improvement and cadmium passivation effects are obvious, and the yield increase effect is achieved to a certain extent.
Claims (9)
1. An inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner is characterized by comprising medical stone, sepiolite, a calcium source, iron powder, biochar, humate and a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer; the calcium source is an oxide or hydroxide of calcium;
wherein the particle size of the iron powder is 10-40 μm;
the particle size of the medical stone, the sepiolite and the calcium source is 150-400 meshes;
the particle sizes of the biochar, the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and the humate are 1-2 mm;
the weight parts of the components are as follows:
20-40 parts of medical stone;
10-20 parts of sepiolite;
8-20 parts of a calcium source;
8-13 parts of iron powder;
8-15 parts of biochar;
10-20 parts of humate;
8-15 parts of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer.
2. The inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of maifanite is 150-200 mesh; the particle size of the sepiolite is 150-200 meshes; the particle size of the calcium source is 150-200 meshes; the particle size of the iron powder is 10-40 mu m; the particle size of the biochar is 1-1.8 mm; the particle size of the humate is 1-1.8 mm; the grain size of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 1.5-2.0 mm.
3. The inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to claim 2,
20-30 parts of medical stone;
15-20 parts of sepiolite;
8-10 parts of a calcium source;
8-10 parts of iron powder;
8-10 parts of biochar by weight;
the weight part of the humate is 10-15 parts;
the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 8-10 parts by weight.
4. The inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein P is added to the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer2O5The total phosphorus is more than or equal to 16 percent; calculated by MgO, the magnesium is more than or equal to 2 percent; calculated by CaO, the calcium is more than or equal to 15 percent.
5. The inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calcium source is hydrated lime;
in the slaked lime, Ca (OH)2≥96%；
The humate is potassium humate.
6. A method for preparing the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner is obtained by mixing and granulating the components with water.
7. The method of preparing the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the amount of water sprayed during the preparation process is 3.5% to 5%.
8. The use of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner is applied to the soil of the polluted cultivated land, wherein the application amount per acre is 50-150 kg.
9. The use of the inorganic-organic composite soil conditioner according to claim 8, wherein the soil conditioner is applied to the soil surface of a cultivated land 5 to 7 days before cultivation, and then mixed by turning over, left to stand for reaction for 3 to 5 days, and then normal crop planting is performed.
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