CN113150787A - Silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil improvement. The raw materials of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner mainly comprise dolomite, medical stone and other minerals, the source of the materials is wide, the price is low, and the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner contains a large amount of elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like and can be used as a fertilizer. The application is applied to the heavy metal pollution remediation of soil for the first time, in particular to the heavy metal pollution remediation of northern alkalescent calcareous soil. In the embodiment of the invention, pot culture and field experiments prove that the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner can improve the pH value of soil by 0.48-0.91 and obviously reduce the DTPA (transformation induced plasticity) state cadmium content of the soil; the exchangeable cadmium content and the carbonate combined cadmium content of the soil are obviously reduced, and the combined cadmium content, the organic combined cadmium content and the residue cadmium content of the iron-manganese oxide are improved; the cadmium content in each organ of the wheat is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The soil heavy metal pollution example caused by the rapid development of industry and agriculture is visible everywhere, and especially the content of heavy metal Cd in the soil exceeds the standard. Cadmium in the soil can be absorbed and enriched by crops and enters human bodies through food chains, so that certain threat to human health is formed. Furthermore, the biotoxicity of heavy metals and their ability to accumulate in the body is not determined by their total amount, but by their morphology and their bioavailability. Therefore, the cadmium-polluted soil is repaired, and the mobility and the effectiveness of the cadmium in the soil are reduced by changing the occurrence form of the cadmium in the soil, so that the cadmium-polluted soil has an important effect on the national and world-wide food safety production.
Among the numerous soil heavy metal pollution remediation methods, the in-situ passivation inhibition control technology is widely concerned due to the characteristics of low cost, short period, high efficiency and good stability, but the selection of the passivator in the technology is a key. The in-situ passivation prevention and control technology is more applied to the control of Cd pollution in southern acidic paddy fields, and the main action mechanism of the in-situ passivation prevention and control technology is to reduce the effectiveness of Cd in soil by increasing the pH of the soil. And for the slightly alkaline soil in the north, if the pH value of the soil is excessively increased, the soil is easily hardened, the fertility is reduced, and the yield of crops is reduced. Therefore, the research and development of the passivation resistance control material suitable for controlling the Cd pollution of the northern subalkaline soil are particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner has wide raw material sources, can remarkably passivate cadmium in slightly alkaline soil, and can reduce the absorption of cadmium by crops.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner which comprises the following effective components in percentage by mass: SiO 2220％～25％，CaO 20％～25％，MgO 7％～11％， K 24 to 8 percent of O and 25 to 35 percent of medical stone.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner comprise dolomite, potash feldspar, limestone and medical stone; the mass ratio of the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the limestone and the medical stone is (40-42): (33-37): (31-37): (25-35).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps: and calcining dolomite, potassium feldspar and limestone at the high temperature of 1160-1200 ℃, and mixing with medical stone to obtain the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner.
The invention also provides an application of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method in passivation of heavy metals in slightly alkaline soil, wherein the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
The invention also provides a method for passivating heavy metals in slightly alkaline soil, which comprises the following steps: the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method is scattered on the surface of slightly alkaline soil and raked into the soil; the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
Preferably, the spreading quality of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is 0.5-3% of the quality of the subalkaline soil plough layer soil.
Preferably, the heavy metal comprises cadmium.
The invention also provides application of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method in reducing the heavy metal absorption of crops.
Preferably, the crop comprises wheat.
The invention also provides a method for reducing heavy metal absorption of crops, which comprises the following steps: the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method is scattered on the surface of slightly alkaline soil and raked into the soil; the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
The invention provides a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, which is prepared from raw materials mainly comprising dolomite, medical stone and other minerals, has wide material source and low price, contains a large amount of elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like, and can be used as a fertilizer. The method is applied to the heavy metal pollution remediation of the soil for the first time, in particular to the heavy metal pollution remediation of northern slightly alkaline calcareous soil. The pot culture and field experiments prove that the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner can improve the pH value of soil by 0.48-0.91 and obviously reduce the DTPA (cadmium tolerant phosphate power) state content of the soil; the exchangeable cadmium content and the carbonate combined cadmium content in the soil are obviously reduced, and the combined cadmium content, the organic combined cadmium content and the residual cadmium content of the iron-manganese oxide are improved; the cadmium content in each organ of the wheat is obviously reduced, so that the technical effect of passivating and repairing the alkalescent soil Cd pollution is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SEM image (x 700) of a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner;
FIG. 2 is an EDS energy spectrum of a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner;
FIG. 3 is the effect of a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on the pH value of soil;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on the content of cadmium in the DTPA extracted state in soil;
FIG. 5 is the effect of a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on the morphological distribution of cadmium in soil;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on the cadmium content of different organs of wheat;
FIG. 7 shows the effect of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on the cadmium content of wheat grains.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner which comprises the following effective components in percentage by mass: SiO 2220％～25％，CaO 20％～25％，MgO 7％～11％，K 24 to 8 percent of O and 25 to 35 percent of medical stone.
The active ingredients of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner preferably comprise the following components in percentage by mass: SiO 2222％，CaO 23％，MgO 9％，K2O6% and 30% of medical stone. Hair brushThe raw materials for preparing the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner preferably comprise dolomite, potassium feldspar, limestone and medical stone; the mass ratio of the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the limestone and the medical stone is preferably (40-42): (33-37): (31-37): (25-35), more preferably 41:36:34: 30. The sources of the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the limestone and the medical stone are not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial ores in the field can be utilized. The pH value of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is 10.44, the total cadmium content is 0.324mg/kg, the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is scanned and shot by a scanning electron microscope energy spectrum (SEM-EDS), and when the magnification is 700 times, the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is corrugated and has a smooth surface (figure 1); EDS (electronic discharge spectroscopy) shows the content ratio of various elements in the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner contains a large amount of elements such as Si, Ca and the like (figure 2).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps: and calcining dolomite, potassium feldspar and limestone at the high temperature of 1160-1200 ℃, and mixing with medical stone to obtain the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner.
After the dolomite, the potassium feldspar and the limestone are calcined at high temperature, the dolomite generates MgO and CaO, the limestone generates CaO, and K in the potassium feldspar2O·Al2O3·6SiO2Reacting, and mixing with medical stone fine powder to obtain the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner.
The invention also provides an application of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method in passivation of heavy metals in slightly alkaline soil, wherein the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
The slightly alkaline soil is preferably northern slightly alkaline soil, and the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5. In the embodiment of the invention, a pot experiment is preferably carried out by using calcareous moisture soil (the pH is 8.24, the organic matter content is 22.10g/kg, the alkaline nitrogen content is 75.32mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 27.69mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 134.69mg/kg, and the total cadmium content is 4.93mg/kg), and a field experiment is preferably carried out by using cadmium polluted soil (the pH is 8.03, the organic matter content is 20.35g/kg, the alkaline nitrogen content is 72.46mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 24.36mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 120.53mg/kg, and the total cadmium content is 1.7-2.2 mg/kg) in the Xinxiang city of the south of Henan province.
The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner can passivate heavy metals in soil, and the heavy metals preferably comprise cadmium. In the embodiment of the invention, the soil conditioner for the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is used for pot culture experiments and field experiments, so that the DTPA state cadmium content of the soil can be obviously reduced, and the DTPA state cadmium content of the soil is reduced along with the increase of the application amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer; the content of exchangeable cadmium and the content of carbonate-bound cadmium in the soil can be obviously reduced, and the reduction range of the content of exchangeable cadmium and the content of carbonate-bound cadmium is increased along with the increase of the addition amount; meanwhile, the cadmium content of the iron-manganese oxide in a combined state, the cadmium content of the organic combined state and the cadmium content of the residue state are improved, and the cadmium content of the three states is increased along with the increase of the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
The invention also provides a method for passivating heavy metals in slightly alkaline soil, which comprises the following steps: the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method is scattered on the surface of slightly alkaline soil and raked into the soil; the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
The spreading quality of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is preferably 0.5-3% of the soil quality of the slightly alkaline soil plough layer; the plough layer soil is preferably soil with the surface layer of 0-20 cm. The heavy metal of the present invention preferably includes cadmium.
The invention also provides application of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method in reducing the heavy metal absorption of crops.
The crop of the present invention preferably comprises wheat. In the embodiment of the invention, the wheat is used for pot experiments and field experiments, the cadmium content in each organ of the wheat can be obviously reduced by adding the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and the reduction degree of the cadmium content in the root and stem leaves of the wheat is increased along with the increase of the adding amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner; the cadmium content in the wheat glumes and grains can be obviously reduced by adding the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and the cadmium content of the wheat glumes and grains is reduced along with the increase of the adding amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner.
The invention also provides a method for reducing heavy metal absorption of crops, which comprises the following steps: the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method is scattered on the surface of slightly alkaline soil and raked into the soil; the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
The method of the present invention is preferably the same as the above method, and will not be described herein.
The soil conditioner for silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but the invention is not to be construed as being limited by the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is prepared from raw materials including dolomite, potassium feldspar, limestone and medical stone in a mass ratio of 41:36:34: 30; crushing dolomite, potash feldspar, limestone and medical stone, drying, and grinding into fine powder (120 mesh) by ball mill>95 percent of dolomite, potassium feldspar and limestone according to the mass ratio of 41:36:34, evenly mixing, calcining in a muffle furnace at the high temperature of 1160-1200 ℃ for 35min, taking out, cooling, and grinding into fine powder (120 meshes)>95%) and medical stone fine powder. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner has the pH value of 10.44 and the total cadmium content of 0.324mg/kg, and comprises the following specific components: SiO 22 22％，CaO 23％，MgO 9％，K2O6% and 30% of medical stone.
Scanning and shooting the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer conditioner by using a scanning electron microscope energy spectrum (SEM-EDS), wherein the magnification is 700 times. As shown in figure 1, the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is corrugated, and the surface is smooth. EDS (figure 2) shows the content ratio of various elements in the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer contains a large amount of elements such as Si, Ca and the like.
Example 2
1. Pot culture test scheme
The test soil is calcareous moisture soil, 0 ~ 20cm soil on the sewage irrigation district farmland top layer, and the soil nature of rationalizing basically: the pH value is 8.24, the organic matter content is 22.10g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 75.32mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 27.69mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 134.69mg/kg, and the total cadmium content is 4.93 mg/kg. The wheat variety is vortex wheat 66, and each pot contains about 8kg of polluted soil. Applying base fertilizer to obtain compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O-24-14-8), and quantitatively watering to maintain the relative water content of the soil to be about 60%. The experiment totaled three treatments, three replicates for each treatment, respectively: (1) no conditioning agent (CK 1); (2) 1.2 percent of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner (G1); (3) 3 percent of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner (G2); wherein the percentage of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner in the soil is the same as the percentage of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner in the soil.
2. Field test scheme
The basic physicochemical properties of the field soil are that the pH is 8.03, the organic matter content is 20.35g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 72.46mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 24.36mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 120.53mg/kg, the total cadmium content is 1.7-2.2 mg/kg, and the wheat variety is dwarf 58. The field trial totaled 3 treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times. Respectively as follows: (1) no conditioning agent (CK 2); (2) 0.5 percent of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner (G3); (3) 1% of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner (G4). Each cell area is 20m2(4 m.times.5 m). 1m interval is reserved between cells, and 1m protection rows are reserved around the cells. And uniformly scattering the soil conditioner on the surface of the soil, and then raking the soil into 0-20 cm of surface soil. Applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N-P) according to local habits2O5-K2O＝24-14-8)750kg/hm2Used as a base fertilizer. The water is irrigated for 3 times in the whole growth period of the wheat, the watering mode is district flood irrigation, and water is independently fed into each district without mutual interference.
3. Influence of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on pH value of soil
The results are shown in fig. 3, and the pH of the soil can be significantly increased by the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner treatment compared with the control whether the pot culture or the field is treated, and the pH of the soil is increased along with the increase of the application amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner. In the pot experiment, the pH value of the soil is increased by 0.91 unit when the soil conditioner is treated by the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer (G2). In a field test, the pH value of the soil is increased by 0.48 unit when the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is treated by 1 percent (G4).
4. Influence of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on DTPA (draw textured PA) extracted cadmium content of soil
The DTPA state cadmium content of the soil is an important index for measuring the pollution degree and the hazard degree of heavy metal cadmium in the soil, and the DTPA state cadmium content of the soil is easily absorbed and utilized by plants. As shown in fig. 4, the content of DTPA state cadmium in the soil can be significantly reduced by the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner treatment, regardless of whether the pot culture or the field culture is performed, compared with the control, and the content of DTPA state cadmium in the soil is reduced along with the increase of the application amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner. In pot experiment, the effect of reducing the content of cadmium in the soil in a DTPA extraction state is best when the soil conditioner containing silicon, calcium and magnesium fertilizer is treated by 3 percent (G2), the content of cadmium is reduced from 2.31mg/kg to 0.61mg/kg, and the reduction range reaches 73.60 percent. In field experiments, the effect of reducing the content of cadmium in the soil in a DTPA extraction state is best when the soil conditioner containing silicon, calcium and magnesium fertilizers is treated by 0.5 percent (G3), the content of cadmium in the soil in a DTPA extraction state is reduced from 0.79mg/kg to 0.48mg/kg, and the reduction amplitude reaches 39.24 percent.
5. Influence of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on chemical form of soil cadmium
Treating soil sample by Tessier continuous extraction method to extract exchangeable state (EX), carbonate bound state (CA), iron manganese oxide bound state (OM), organic bound state (OX), and residue state (RE) cadmium. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the cadmium form in the soil is mainly exchangeable, carbonate-bound and iron-manganese oxide-bound. Compared with a contrast, the soil conditioner added with the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer can obviously reduce the exchangeable cadmium content and the carbonate combined cadmium content of soil, and the reduction range of the exchangeable cadmium content and the carbonate combined cadmium content is respectively 53.05-63.30% and 32.36-59.72% along with the increase of the addition amount; (ii) a Correspondingly, the added silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner improves the cadmium content of iron-manganese oxide in a combined state, an organic combined state and a residue state (the increase ranges are 401.83-479.63%, 29.78-90.52% and 23.97-56.20% respectively), and the increase range of the cadmium content of the three forms is increased along with the increase of the added silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer.
6. Influence of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on Cd contents of different organs of wheat
The Cd contents of different organs of wheat are different, and the absorption and transportation of heavy metals by wheat are influenced by various factors, such as the pH value of soil, the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the forms of heavy metals in the soil and the like. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the addition of the Si-Ca-Mg fertilizer soil conditioner can significantly reduce the cadmium content in each organ of wheat, compared with the control. With the increase of the addition amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, the reduction range of the cadmium content of the wheat roots and the stems and leaves is increased, wherein when the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is treated by 3 percent (G2), the cadmium content of the wheat roots is reduced from 21.48mg/kg to 0.51mg/kg, and the cadmium content of the stems and leaves is reduced from 4.0mg/kg to 1.43mg/k (the reduction range reaches 64.30%). Compared with a control, the cadmium content in the wheat glumes and grains can be obviously reduced by adding the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner, and the cadmium content of the wheat glumes and grains is reduced along with the increase of the adding amount of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner. Compared with the control, when the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is treated by 1.2 percent (G1), the cadmium content of the wheat glumes and grains is reduced to the best effect, wherein the cadmium content of the glumes is reduced to 0.26mg/kg from 1.91mg/kg, the reduction range is 86.39 percent, and the cadmium content of the grains is reduced to 0.44mg/kg from 4.81mg/kg, and the reduction range is 90.85 percent.
7. Influence of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner on Cd content of wheat grains
As shown in fig. 7, in both potted plants and field, the cadmium content of the wheat grains can be significantly reduced by the treatment with the soil conditioner containing silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer compared with the control, and the cadmium content of the wheat grains is reduced with the increase of the addition amount of the soil conditioner containing silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer. In a pot experiment, compared with a control, when the soil conditioner containing the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is treated by 1.2 percent (G1), the cadmium content of the wheat grains is best reduced, the cadmium content of the grains is reduced from 4.81mg/kg to 0.44mg/kg, and the reduction range is 90.85 percent. In field experiments, compared with a control, when the soil conditioner containing silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is treated by 0.5% (G3), the cadmium content of the wheat grains is best reduced, the cadmium content of the grains is reduced from 0.23mg/kg to 0.16mg/kg, and the reduction amplitude is 30.43%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following effective components in percentage by mass: SiO 2220％～25％，CaO 20％～25％，MgO7％～11％，K24 to 8 percent of O and 25 to 35 percent of medical stone.
2. The silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation raw materials of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner comprise dolomite, potassium feldspar, limestone and medical stone; the mass ratio of the dolomite, the potassium feldspar, the limestone and the medical stone is (40-42): (33-37): (31-37): (25-35).
3. A method for preparing a silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and calcining dolomite, potassium feldspar and limestone at the high temperature of 1160-1200 ℃, and mixing with medical stone to obtain the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner.
4. The application of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner as defined in claim 1 or 2 or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method as defined in claim 3 in passivating cadmium in slightly alkaline soil, wherein the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
5. A method for passivating heavy metals in slightly alkaline soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner of claim 1 or 2 or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of claim 3 is scattered on the surface of slightly alkaline soil and raked into the soil; the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the broadcasting quality of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is 0.5-3% of the quality of the slightly alkaline soil plough layer soil.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the heavy metal comprises cadmium.
8. The use of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner as defined in claim 1 or 2 or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method as defined in claim 3 for reducing the heavy metal absorption of crops.
9. Use according to claim 8, wherein the crop comprises wheat.
10. A method of reducing heavy metal uptake by a crop, comprising the steps of: the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner of claim 1 or 2 or the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method of claim 3 is scattered on the surface of slightly alkaline soil and raked into the soil; the pH value of the slightly alkaline soil is 7.5-8.5.
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