CN111348964A

CN111348964A - Conditioner for treating farmland cadmium-polluted soil based on momordica grosvenori waste materials and preparation method of conditioner

Info

Publication number: CN111348964A
Application number: CN202010325139.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何安乐; 刘庚贵; 黄华学
Original assignee: Hunan Huacheng Biotech Inc
Current assignee: Hunan Huacheng Biotech Inc
Priority date: 2020-04-23
Filing date: 2020-04-23
Publication date: 2020-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-23
Also published as: CN111348964B

Abstract

The invention provides a farmland cadmium pollution treatment soil conditioner based on momordica grosvenori waste materials, which comprises momordica grosvenori residue rotten material, momordica grosvenori flocculation residues, momordica grosvenori chromatographic column effluent liquid, basic salt and seaweed extracts. The utilization rate of the soil conditioner on the waste materials of the momordica grosvenori is close to 100%, the recycling degree is extremely high, the whole production process is simple, the requirement on equipment is not high, meanwhile, the absorption effect of the soil conditioner on heavy metal cadmium of plants is obvious, the food safety of agricultural products is improved, and the products and the quality of the agricultural products are not influenced. The cadmium content in farmland can be reduced by about 70%, the cadmium content in grain crops can be reduced by about 50%, and the rice yield is not affected or even improved.

Description

Conditioner for treating farmland cadmium-polluted soil based on momordica grosvenori waste materials and preparation method of conditioner

Technical Field

The invention relates to a soil conditioner for treating cadmium pollution of a farmland and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a soil conditioner for treating cadmium pollution of the farmland based on waste momordica grosvenori and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The Momordica grosvenori is named as Momordica grosvenori (Momoradica grosvenorii Swingle), is dry fruit of Momordica grosvenori (Momordica grosvenori) belonging to Cucurbitaceae, Momordica grosvenori, has cool nature, sweet taste, no toxicity, and effects of moistening lung, relieving cough, cooling blood, and lubricating intestine, and can be used for treating lung fire dry cough, pharyngalgia aphonia, and constipation due to intestinal dryness. Guangxi Yongfu and Lingui counties are the origin centers of cultivation of fructus momordicae, and have more than 300 years of medicinal history among people in China, and are listed in the first list of varieties which are both food and medicine by the national ministry of health and the administration of traditional Chinese medicine.

The fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii contains strong sweetener component, i.e. cucurbitane type triterpene component. The cucurbitane triterpenoid extracted and identified from the momordica grosvenori fruits comprises the following components: mogroside IV, mogroside V, mogroside IV A, mogrol I, benzoic acid, mogroside III, mogroside IIA 1, siamenoside I, 11-oxo-mogroside V, mogroside II E, mogroside III E, mogroside A and the like. The components are main sweet components of the momordica grosvenori, the total content of the momordica grosvenori in dried momordica grosvenori is 3.755% -3.858%, wherein the sweetness of the mogroside V is 256-344 times that of cane sugar; siamenoside I is the sweet component in cucurbitane triterpenoid glycoside, and one ten thousandth concentration of siamenoside I is 563 times of sweetness of 5% sucrose. The cucurbitane type compounds extracted and identified from momordica grosvenori roots are: mogroside A and mogroside B.

The momordica grosvenori mainly comprises a substance for extracting strong sweet, namely momordica grosvenori sweet glycoside, more than 95% of the remaining substances are treated by waste materials, and the waste materials are partially used as organic fertilizers, partially used as feed substrates or extracted squalene and the like. However, because the waste materials of the momordica grosvenori are huge in quantity, the waste materials are not completely properly treated, and a considerable part of the waste materials are randomly discarded, so that the pollution risk is brought to the ecological environment.

A soil conditioner is a material that is used primarily to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil to make it more suitable for plant growth, rather than primarily to provide plant nutrients. The soil conditioner can be divided into an inorganic soil conditioner and an organic soil conditioner according to the components. Different soil conditioners are selected according to different soil problems.

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements, the harm is extremely serious, the excessive cadmium in the soil can inhibit the normal growth of plants, and the residue on the edible parts can also influence the health of human bodies through food chains. When cadmium enters a plant body and is accumulated to a certain degree, the plant can show toxic symptoms, and generally, growth retardation, short and small plants, green fading, yield reduction, quality reduction and the like can occur. Cadmium is absorbed by human body and distributed in liver and kidney, and combines with low molecular protein to form metalloprotein. Cadmium poisoning is mainly manifested by impairment of kidney function and lung damage, resulting in renal cortex necrosis, renal tubular damage, emphysema, pulmonary edema, and may also cause cardiac dilatation and hypertension. Long-term intake of cadmium can lead to osteoporosis, embrittlement, lumbar disease, and spinal deformity. In addition, cadmium can cause damage to the male reproductive system. In 2014, 17 th month, the ministry of environmental protection and the united nations department of China published survey bulletin on the condition of soil pollution in China, and the bulletin shows that the exceeding standard rate of the cadmium in the soil in China reaches 7.0 percent, wherein the proportion of the heavily polluted cadmium in the point position is 0.5 percent. The heavy metal cadmium in the soil is mainly from non-ferrous metal smelting, chemical fertilizer, automobile exhaust and inherent soil background.

The method for treating the heavy metal cadmium in the soil mainly comprises the methods of phytoremediation, soil leaching, in-situ passivation, soil dressing, deep ploughing, comprehensive treatment and the like, but the treatment effect is not obvious enough, for example, the phytoremediation has strict requirements on planted crops, the soil leaching has high nutrient loss on the soil, the in-situ passivation has high requirements on a passivator and is easy to rebound, the workload of the soil dressing is very large, a large amount of foreign soil is needed, the deep ploughing is only carried out for short-term repair and can rebound after years, the comprehensive treatment effect has higher requirements on the cost, so that the repair cost is too high, and the planting difficulty is relatively higher. Therefore, a simple and easy treatment method with good effect for the heavy metal cadmium in the soil is imperative.

CN106242758 discloses a utilization method of momordica grosvenori residues, which is specifically to mix and ferment momordica grosvenori residues, rice bran, brewer's grains and water to obtain an effluent, add humic acid potassium, polyacrylamide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium tetraborate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, gibberellin, magnesium chloride and citric acid into the effluent, and uniformly mix to obtain a liquid fertilizer. Adding crop straws and chicken manure into the remaining solid, and composting again to obtain the solid fertilizer. The method is used for preparing the common fertilizer, namely the common fertilizer mainly comprising organic matters andor nutrients N, P, K.

CN110746978A discloses a rice cadmium-reducing soil conditioner, which specifically comprises the following main components: one or a combination of any two of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thereof; and (B) component: one or the combination of any two of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate; and (3) component C: one or a combination of any two of the microporous activated minerals; the formula contains a large amount of inorganic compounds, and the organic matter 8-hydroxyquinoline and the derivatives thereof have low toxicity and certain potential safety hazards to crops. And a large amount of trace element fertilizer applied to farmlands is easy to cause fertilizer damage due to improper dosage application.

CN110698288A discloses a mineral substance nutrition balance soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and specifically comprises 37-42 parts of phosphate ore, 5-7 parts of dolomite, 18-22 parts of silica, 7-10 parts of limestone, 10-13 parts of nitrogen and 8-11 parts of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. And (4) physically mixing to obtain the product. The formula contains a large amount of minerals, the minerals are main active ingredients of the soil conditioner, the soil conditioner has the effect of conditioning soil by mainly utilizing the effects of adsorbing and adjusting the pH value, but the mineral ingredients are very complex, and inherent toxic and harmful heavy metals are easy to enter the soil along with the mineral ingredients to cause secondary pollution.

CN108998042A discloses a soil conditioner for restoring heavy metal pollution of farmland soil by passivation and a preparation method thereof, which specifically comprises the following three raw materials: 5-7 parts of potassium feldspar, 3-5 parts of quick lime and 2-3 parts of mineral humic acid. The heavy metal passivation agent mainly plays a role in passivating heavy metals by utilizing the effects of complexing heavy metals and increasing the pH value, but the mineral composition is very complex, and inherent toxic and harmful heavy metals easily enter soil along with the mineral composition to cause secondary pollution.

CN109134147A discloses a paddy field soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, and the paddy field soil conditioner specifically comprises the following raw materials: 13-15% of silicon, 27-28% of calcium, 6-7% of magnesium, 0.03-0.05% of nitrogen, 1-2% of phosphorus pentoxide, 0.4-0.5% of potassium oxide and 38-39% of manure; the pH value of the conditioner is 10-11. The pH value of the soil is improved to reduce the effectiveness of heavy metal, and the activity of organic matter complexing heavy metal is increased to passivate the activity of the organic matter complexing heavy metal. However, hormones and trace elements are easy to remain in the manure, even harmful germs exist, and the like, and the long-term use of the manure can cause the problems of crop safety, overproof certain trace elements in soil and the like.

CN109294590A discloses a soil conditioner for improving acidic and heavy metal contaminated farmland soil, specifically, a material reservoir is a composition of at least one soil conditioner (such as polyacrylamide and zeolite) and minerals (containing Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mn, Mo and the like), wherein the polyacrylamide is an organic macromolecular substance, is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, has very stable property, has a good adsorption function as zeolite, but is not suitable for degradation, and is easy to leave harmful chemical substances in chemical products, and is easy to bring into soil to cause secondary pollution; the zeolite is also a natural mineral substance in one day, and is very easy to contain toxic and harmful trace elements, so that the secondary pollution of the soil is easily caused. And soil hardening is easy to cause after long-term application.

CN109370608A discloses a soil conditioner for repairing farmland pollutants and a preparation method thereof, and the soil conditioner is specifically composed of soybean meal, peat humic acid, toosendanin, magnesium oxide, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, slow-release boron, cinnamon, a microbial agent, sodium alginate and traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials comprise aizoon stonecrop herb, common achyranthes herb, blumea balsamifera, dysosma versipellis, quercus fuberidactyloides, sweet osmanthus flower and negundo chastetree root, and are prepared by the process flows of material selection, impurity removal, grinding, drying, uniform mixing and the like. The method mainly comprises agricultural wastes, humic acid, inorganic nutrients and microbial agents, wherein peat humic acid belongs to exhausted non-renewable resources, the quality of peat is not well controlled, secondary pollution is easily caused, and the inorganic nutrients such as magnesium oxide, potassium nitrate and zinc sulfate belong to quick-acting fertilizers, so that the short-term effect is good but the effect is difficult to be long; the microbial agent is difficult to maintain the activity under the condition of containing a large amount of chemical components, and simultaneously contains traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, and the residual traditional Chinese medicine components are easy to kill microorganisms. The heavy metal has the effects of mainly organic matters (humus and agricultural wastes) and zinc sulfate, the organic matters have long adsorption period on the heavy metal, the effect is difficult to embody, and the zinc sulfate belongs to quick-acting trace element fertilizer and has difficult long-term effect.

At present, various soil conditioners for heavy metal pollution of farmlands mainly comprise effective components of agricultural wastes, livestock and poultry manure, humus, inorganic salt, mineral substances and the like, and are supplemented with NPK nutrients, even microbial agents and the like. But the agricultural wastes have poor effect and large application amount; the livestock and poultry manure has large odor and is easy to have substances such as antibiotics, trace elements and the like remained to cause secondary pollution; humus belongs to exhausted non-renewable resources, and the quality control, especially the heavy metal content, must be controlled before application; the inorganic salt is basically sulfate, has good water solubility, belongs to quick-acting fertilizer, has difficult lasting effect, and controls the dosage of the trace element sulfate so as to avoid fertilizer damage; NPK nutrients and even microbial agents mainly aim at crops, promote the growth of the crops, and almost have negligible effect on restoring heavy metal pollution. And other chemically synthesized novel heavy metal passivators are also available, and are generally stable in chemical properties, easy to leave harmful and toxic substances and easy to cause secondary pollution to soil.

CN104292022A, CN108610194A and CN107353159A all relate to chemical fertilizers based on fructus momordicae, and the patents need to add a soil conditioner separately and also need to add a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine components, so that the cost is high and the market competitiveness is poor.

In the face of a large amount of momordica grosvenori waste materials which are difficult to treat and farmlands which are increasingly polluted by heavy metals, the momordica grosvenori waste material-based farmland heavy metal polluted soil conditioner needs to be developed urgently, and meanwhile, the momordica grosvenori waste materials are recycled and reused, and the farmlands polluted by the heavy metals can be restored and treated, so that the momordica grosvenori waste material conditioner has important significance in advocating and practicing green, ecological and friendly planting concepts.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a soil conditioner which takes waste momordica grosvenori as a main raw material and repairs heavy metal cadmium pollution in farmland and a preparation method thereof. The method makes full use of various wastes on the production line of the momordica grosvenori, has good remediation effect on heavy metal cadmium pollution of farmlands, and can improve soil fertility. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low requirement on equipment, environmental friendliness and no pollution. At present, the prior art has no scheme for preparing the soil conditioner by taking the waste material of the momordica grosvenori as the main raw material.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a farmland cadmium pollution treatment soil conditioner based on fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii waste materials comprises fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue decomposition clinker, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flocculation residue, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii chromatography column effluent, basic salt and Sargassum extract.

In the prior whole production process of mogrosides, the generated wastes are mainly extracted slag, flocculation slag and effluent liquid of an upper column. In addition, the waste water generated by the mogrosides also generates a large amount of activated sludge containing a large amount of microorganisms which can improve the composting fermentation effect of the grosvenor momordica fruit residues. The invention skillfully utilizes the wastes generated in the whole production process of the mogroside, prepares the soil conditioner with the functions of fattening, nourishing and removing heavy metals, and obtains excellent effect. After the soil conditioner is treated, the content of heavy metals, particularly metal cadmium, harmful to human bodies in soil and crops is obviously reduced, the risk of eaters is avoided, and meanwhile, the acre yield of the crops is not obviously influenced under the condition of the same nutrients. Comprehensively considered, the technical scheme provided by the invention has important green and environmental protection significance.

Further, the farmland cadmium pollution treatment soil conditioner based on the momordica grosvenori waste material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of momordica grosvenori residue rotten clinker, 30-50 parts of momordica grosvenori flocculation residues, 5-15 parts of momordica grosvenori chromatographic column effluent, 0.3-0.8 part of basic salt and 1-3 parts of seaweed extract.

Preferably, the momordica grosvenori residue decomposition clinker is obtained by crushing momordica grosvenori residues, adding a certain amount of activated sludge, and performing stack retting fermentation.

The momordica grosvenori pomace is the residual pomace of fresh momordica grosvenori after leaching with water; the crushing is carried out by passing through a 6-20 mesh screen after being crushed; the activated sludge is the activated sludge in a sewage treatment system of a momordica grosvenori production workshop, contains a large amount of microorganisms, has the function similar to a leavening agent, and promotes the degradation of momordica grosvenori residues.

More specifically, the siraitia grosvenorii residue rotten clinker is prepared by a stack retting fermentation process comprising the following steps: after 70-90 parts of momordica grosvenori residues, 5-20 parts of activated sludge and 0.1-1 part of leavening agent are physically mixed, natural fermentation is carried out for 20-40 days, and during the period, pile turning is carried out for a plurality of times until the moisture content is 10-25%, and the momordica grosvenori rotten material is obtained after rotten.

Preferably, the preparation process of the momordica grosvenori flocculation residues comprises the following steps: extracting fresh fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii with water, adding alkali to adjust pH to 9-14, standing for 2-12, and centrifuging to obtain fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flocculation residue. More preferably, the base is calcium hydroxide.

After flocculation, most of macromolecular organic matters such as protein, pectin, tanning and the like in the water extract of the momordica grosvenori are separated out and precipitated, and then the purpose of primarily removing impurities from the water extract is achieved. Because the flocculating agent, namely calcium hydroxide, is alkaline, and the flocculation residues are insoluble in water and have higher viscosity, the resource recycling is greatly limited. However, since the main substances are organic macromolecules, i.e. organic matters, such as protein, pectin, tanning and the like, the addition of the organic matters into the fertilizer as organic matters is one of the most direct methods for increasing the organic matter content of the fertilizer. Meanwhile, the fertilizer contains calcium element, so that the content of secondary element calcium in the fertilizer can be improved. Therefore, the flocculation residues are used as one of the fertilizer formulas, so that the organic matter content of the fertilizer can be directly increased, and the calcium element content can be increased. And the flocculation residues are rich in macromolecules such as protein, pectin, tanning and the like, and the substances have obvious chelation or complexation effect on heavy metals, so that the heavy metals are converted from a free state into an organic matter combined state, and the activity of the heavy metals is obviously reduced, thereby achieving the aim of passivating the activity of the heavy metals and reducing the absorption of plants on the heavy metals. Thirdly, partial hydroxide contained in the flocculation residues is alkaline, so that the pH value of the soil is improved along with the fertilizer entering the soil, the negative charge on the surface of the soil is increased, and the affinity of the soil to heavy metals is further increased; and simultaneously promotes the heavy metals to form hydroxide or combined-state precipitation or coprecipitation. Thereby reducing the content of free heavy metals and reducing the absorption of plants.

The centrifugation aims at separating out flocculated substances, and the centrifugation mode is but not limited to one or a combination of horizontal screw centrifugation, butterfly centrifugation or cloth bag centrifugation. Preferably horizontal screw centrifugation.

Preferably, the momordica grosvenori chromatographic column effluent is a concentrated solution obtained by performing membrane concentration on an effluent under a column after a chromatographic column resin adsorbs a mogroside substance in a momordica grosvenori sweet glycoside production process; the membrane concentration is nanofiltration membrane concentration, the nanofiltration membrane interception molecular weight is 100-500Da, and the concentration is carried out to 40-60 DEG Bx, thus obtaining the upper column effluent concentrated solution.

The upper column liquid is directly water extract or water extract which is subjected to alkalization treatment, preferably water extract subjected to alkalization treatment; the alkali is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, preferably potassium hydroxide; the pH value of the alkali treatment water extract is 8-13. The water extract is obtained by leaching fresh momordica grosvenori fruits by using water as a solvent.

Preferably, the basic salt is at least one of a basic salt of a divalent metal, such as a basic sulfate, a basic carbonate and a basic chloride; the divalent metal is at least one selected from zinc, copper, iron, barium and calcium, and is preferably zinc.

The anion generated when the basic salt is ionized is hydroxide ion in addition to acid ion. Its solubility is very low under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, while it is relatively good under weakly acidic conditions. The activity of the metal elements or the pH value of the soil thereof has a great relationship, and the lower the pH value is, the stronger the activity thereof is, i.e., the stronger the plant absorption capacity is.

Preferably, the seaweed extract raw material is one or more of kelp, Ascophyllum nodosum and sea-sac algae.

The preparation process of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps: chopping Sargassum, adding 0.01-0.5% complex enzyme preparation, performing enzymolysis at 20-50 deg.C for 5-12 hr, adding 3-5% strong base into the enzymolysis product, performing alkaline hydrolysis for 2-5 hr, and neutralizing with acid to pH 7-13 to obtain Sargassum extract.

The preparation process of the seaweed extract comprises the steps of preparing an enzyme preparation from a composition of pectinase and cellulase and/or hemicellulase, wherein the weight percentage of the pectinase is 50-80 wt%; the preparation process of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps of (1) using potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as strong base, preferably potassium hydroxide; the acid is one of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or citric acid.

Preferably, inorganic nutrients can be added into the farmland cadmium pollution treatment soil conditioner based on the momordica grosvenori waste material, wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is compounded with the proportion of NPK applied to common crops, such as N: P: K ═ 4-6:2-3: 5-8. Wherein the N element is derived from one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and amino acid, the P element is derived from one or more of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ground phosphate rock, and the K element is derived from one or more of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. The addition of inorganic nutrients is well known to those skilled in the art, and specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the addition of inorganic nutrients is 20 to 25 parts by weight based on 60 to 80 parts by weight of the siraitia grosvenorii residue rotting clinker.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) physically and uniformly mixing the momordica grosvenori residue rotten material, the concentrated solution of the effluent of the upper column, the momordica grosvenori flocculation residues, the basic salt, the seaweed extract and the inorganic nutrients to obtain a mixture, and drying and granulating the mixture to obtain the soil conditioner.

The drying is not particularly limited, and the moisture content after drying is less than 30%, and the drying method is not limited to one or a combination of natural air drying, drum drying, vacuum drying and microwave drying.

The granulation is but not limited to one of extrusion granulation, disc granulation or roller granulation.

The granulation is convenient for farmland mechanized operation on one hand, and the granules have certain slow release effect on the other hand, and have durability no matter the fertilizer effect or the inhibition effect on heavy metals.

The principle of the method of the invention is as follows:

the granular soil conditioner is prepared by fully utilizing most of wastes (momordica grosvenori residues, flocculation residues and column-loading effluent liquid) on a momordica grosvenori production line and matching with basic salt, seaweed extracts and inorganic nutrients.

The momordica grosvenori residue, the flocculation residue, the column-loading effluent and the seaweed extract in the soil conditioner are rich in various organic substances such as protein, pectin and tannin, and have good heavy metal chelation effect, so that the content of heavy metals in free soil bodies is reduced, and the absorption of plants to the heavy metals is reduced.

The flocculation residues and the effluent liquid from the upper column are alkaline, and the pH value of the soil can be promoted to be increased when the flocculation residues and the effluent liquid from the upper column are applied to the soil, so that the negative charges on the surface of the soil are increased, and the affinity of the soil to heavy metals is further increased; and simultaneously promotes the heavy metals to form hydroxide or combined-state precipitation or coprecipitation. Thereby reducing the content of free heavy metals and reducing the absorption of plants.

Basic salts (basic zinc sulfate or basic zinc chloride) are anions generated during ionization, and in addition to acid ions, hydroxide ions are also generated. Its solubility is very low under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, while it is relatively good under weakly acidic conditions. The metallic elements of zinc and cadmium are the same group elements, the properties and the activities are relatively close, and plants have competitiveness on the absorption of the metallic elements of zinc and cadmium. Namely, after the zinc element is added into the soil, the zinc element has a competitive effect on the cadmium absorption of the plants, thereby reducing the cadmium content of the plants. Therefore, the metal element zinc is added into the soil polluted by the heavy metal cadmium, so that the zinc can compete for the cadmium element, and meanwhile, when the pH value of the soil tends to be reduced, the solubility of the basic salt is synchronously increased, so that the competitive effect on the heavy metal cadmium is improved, and the absorption of plants on the heavy metal cadmium is reduced.

The method has the following beneficial effects:

the soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages that the utilization rate of the waste momordica grosvenori is close to 100%, the resource recycling degree is extremely high, the whole production process is simple, the requirement on equipment is not high, meanwhile, the absorption effect of plants on heavy metal cadmium is obviously reduced, the food safety of agricultural products is improved, and the products and the quality of the agricultural products are not influenced.

The product obtained by the invention can reduce the content of heavy metal cadmium in farmland by about 70%, reduce the content of cadmium in grain crops by about 50%, and basically has no influence on rice yield or even can improve the rice yield.

The product obtained by the invention is rich in organic matters, inorganic nutrients, alginic acid, proteins and other nutrient components required by plants, has the properties of a fertilizer to a certain extent, and has certain functions of improving soil fertility and increasing yield and income.

The method is suitable for industrial large-scale popularization, has strong operability of the process, low cost, low requirement on equipment, simple process and easy large-scale production, realizes efficient comprehensive utilization of the momordica grosvenori pomace, and is suitable for industrial production.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

The waste momordica grosvenori used in the embodiment of the invention is provided by Huacheng biological resource GmbH, and the seaweed is provided by Qingdao Zhi-Ling biological technology GmbH; the starting materials or chemicals used in the examples of the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available in a conventional manner.

In the examples of the present invention, "part(s)" means part(s) by weight unless otherwise specified, and the content percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.

In the embodiment of the invention, the content of cadmium in rice is determined by using the cadmium in the national standard food for food safety of GB 5009.15-2014; the cadmium content in the soil is determined by adopting GB/T17140-1997 soil quality lead and cadmium; the method for measuring the available cadmium in the soil adopts the GB/T23739-2009 soil quality available lead and cadmium measurement.

The farmland rice planting test scheme is as follows:

two zones are arranged on the same land, the area of each zone is about 0.15 mu, each zone is a test zone, and the two zones are separated by about 50cm and are impermeable to water. The periphery of the test area is provided with a channel of about 50cm and is isolated from the protection area, and the tested rice variety is a local common planting variety.

Comparison group: the whole process is fertilized according to the conventional farming mode of the past year (taking mu as a unit), the base fertilizer is applied once when the soil is turned, and the formula is as follows: 10.8kg of urea, 20kg of ground phosphate rock and 10kg of potassium chloride; experimental groups: during soil preparation, the soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer into the ground at one time, and the fertilizing amount of the soil conditioner is converted by the content of inorganic nutrients in a comparison group. In the embodiment of the invention, the inorganic nutrient is urea, and the ground phosphate rock and potassium chloride are compounded according to the ratio of 1:2: 1. According to general experience, 6 percent of the total mass of organic fertilizers (momordica grosvenori residues, flocculation residues, column-loading effluent and seaweed extracts) can be converted into inorganic fertilizers, and according to the standard, the application amount of the soil conditioner provided by the invention is about 200kg per mu of land.

Note that: the other planting management is the same except that the base fertilizers for the two area treatments are applied differently. Meanwhile, the water between the two areas is completely independent and does not flow mutually.

Example 1

The test field is 5 groups of Changsha Qingshan in Hunan, spreading to Tianhuacun, and the rice quality is Xiangzai long-grained nonglutinous rice No. 31, which is early rice.

(1) Preparing momordica grosvenori rotten clinker: 3600kg of fresh grosvenor momordica fruit residues, 400kg of activated sludge and 60kg of leaven are fully and uniformly mixed, then piled into a strip pile with the bottom width of about 1.5 to 2 meters and the height of about 1 to 1.5 meters, naturally fermented for about 30 days, and turned over for several times in the middle until the moisture content is about 23 percent.

(2) Preparing momordica grosvenori flocculation residues: adding calcium hydroxide into fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii water extractive solution to pH 13, standing for 6 hr, and centrifuging with horizontal screw.

(3) Preparing an effluent liquid of the momordica grosvenori chromatographic column: the chromatography effluent of the neutral taste upper column liquid is prepared by concentrating through a nanofiltration membrane of 400 daltons, and the concentration of the solid matter is 43 brix.

(4) Preparation of seaweed extract: crushing fresh seaweed, adding 0.2% of complex enzyme (50% of pectinase and 50% of cellulase), performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 4h while stirring, adding 4% of sodium hydroxide, performing alkali treatment for 3h, and neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 12.

(5) Preparation: 80 parts of siraitia grosvenorii rotten clinker, 35 parts of siraitia grosvenorii flocculation residues, 6 parts of siraitia grosvenorii chromatographic column effluent, 0.3 part of basic zinc sulfate, 3 parts of seaweed extract and 22 parts of inorganic nutrients are uniformly stirred and physically mixed.

(6) Drying and granulating: and (5) performing strand turning drying on the material in the step (5), and performing disc granulation to obtain the soil conditioner.

(7) And performing field comparison tests, wherein the soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer to the ground at one time, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 200 kg/mu. After the crops are harvested, the soil effective cadmium content and the cadmium content in the rice are tested and determined, and the table below shows.

Example 2

The test field is rural village of Henan Hengyang county, the rice quality is Jinyou 974, and the rice is early rice.

(1) Preparing momordica grosvenori rotten clinker: 3500kg of fresh fructus momordicae pomace, 500kg of activated sludge and 50kg of leavening agent are fully and uniformly mixed, and then piled into a conical pile, and naturally fermented for about 40 days, and the pile is turned for a plurality of times in the middle until the moisture content is about 20 percent.

(2) Preparing momordica grosvenori flocculation residues: adding calcium hydroxide into fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii water extractive solution to pH 14, standing for 3 hr, and centrifuging with horizontal screw.

(3) Preparing an effluent liquid of the momordica grosvenori chromatographic column: the alkaline column loading solution chromatography effluent liquid after the potassium hydroxide treatment is prepared after being concentrated by a nanofiltration membrane of 300 daltons, and the solid concentration is 48 brix.

(4) Preparation of seaweed extract: crushing fresh seaweed, adding 0.5% of complex enzyme (70% of pectinase, 15% of cellulase and 15% of hemicellulase), performing enzymolysis at 45 deg.C for 8h while stirring, adding 3% of potassium hydroxide, performing alkali treatment for 2h, and adding citric acid to neutralize to pH 13.

(5) Preparation: 70 parts of siraitia grosvenorii rotten clinker, 40 parts of siraitia grosvenorii flocculation residues, 10 parts of siraitia grosvenorii chromatographic column effluent, 0.6 part of basic zinc chloride, 2 parts of seaweed extract and 20 parts of inorganic nutrients are uniformly stirred and physically mixed.

(6) Drying and granulating: and (5) performing strand turning and drying on the material in the step (5), and rolling and granulating to obtain the soil conditioner.

(7) And performing field comparison tests, wherein the soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer to the ground at one time, and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 200 kg/mu. After the crops are harvested, the effective cadmium content in the soil and the cadmium content in the rice are measured, and the table below shows.

Example 3

The test site is three-pond Zhengguancun in three-pond county in Henan province, the quality of the rice is 819 of Liangliangyou and is late rice.

(1) Preparing momordica grosvenori rotten clinker: 4000kg of fresh momordica grosvenori pomace, 750kg of activated sludge and 100kg of leavening agent are fully and uniformly mixed, and then piled into a strip pile with the bottom width of about 1.5-2 m and the height of about 1-1.5 m, the strip pile is naturally fermented for about 20 days, and the middle pile is turned for a plurality of times until the moisture content is about 15%.

(2) Preparing momordica grosvenori flocculation residues: adding calcium hydroxide into the fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii water extractive solution to pH 9, standing for 12 hr, and butterfly centrifuging.

(3) Preparing an effluent liquid of the momordica grosvenori chromatographic column: the chromatography effluent of the neutral taste upper column liquid is prepared by concentrating through a nanofiltration membrane of 300 daltons, and the concentration of the solid matter is 51 brix.

(4) Preparation of seaweed extract: crushing fresh seaweed, adding 0.5% of complex enzyme (60% of pectinase and 40% of hemicellulase), performing enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 7h while stirring, adding 5% of potassium hydroxide, performing alkali treatment for 5h, and neutralizing with dilute hydrochloric acid to pH 13.

(5) Preparation: 60 parts of siraitia grosvenorii rotten clinker, 50 parts of siraitia grosvenorii flocculation residues, 10 parts of siraitia grosvenorii chromatographic column effluent, 0.8 part of basic zinc chloride, 1 part of seaweed extract and 25 parts of inorganic nutrients are uniformly stirred and physically mixed.

(6) Drying and granulating: and (5) naturally airing the material in the step (5), and then carrying out disc granulation to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example 4

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that the basic zinc chloride was replaced with basic copper chloride. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

example 5

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that basic zinc chloride was replaced with basic zinc carbonate. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

example 6

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that the amount of Momordica grosvenori flocculation was reduced to 25 parts. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

example 7

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that the amount of the siraitia grosvenorii rotten clinker was reduced to 50 parts. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

comparative example 1

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that basic zinc chloride was not added. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

comparative example 2

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that no seaweed extract was added. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

comparative example 3

The other operations and conditions were the same as in example 2 except that no Momordica grosvenori Swingle column effluent was added. Comparative field experiments were performed and the results are given in the following table:

the above detailed description is specific to one possible embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A farmland cadmium pollution treatment soil conditioner based on fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii waste materials comprises fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue decomposition clinker, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flocculation residue, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii chromatography column effluent, basic salt and Sargassum extract.

2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of momordica grosvenori residue rotten clinker, 30-50 parts of momordica grosvenori flocculation residues, 5-15 parts of momordica grosvenori chromatographic column effluent, 0.3-0.8 part of basic salt and 1-3 parts of seaweed extract.

3. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the momordica grosvenori residue decomposition clinker is obtained by crushing momordica grosvenori residues, adding a certain amount of activated sludge, and performing stack retting fermentation.

4. The soil conditioner of claim 3, wherein said Momordica grosvenori pomace decomposition clinker is prepared by a stack retting fermentation process comprising the following steps: after 70-90 parts of momordica grosvenori residues, 5-20 parts of activated sludge and 0.1-1 part of leavening agent are physically mixed, natural fermentation is carried out for 20-40 days, and during the period, pile turning is carried out for a plurality of times until the moisture content is 10-25%, and the momordica grosvenori rotten material is obtained after rotten.

5. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein said lo han guo floe is obtained by a process comprising the steps of: extracting fresh fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii with water, adding alkali to adjust pH to 9-14, standing for 2-12, and centrifuging to obtain fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii flocculation residue.

6. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the Momordica grosvenori chromatographic column effluent is a concentrated solution obtained by subjecting an effluent under a column after a chromatographic column resin adsorbs a glycoside substance to membrane concentration in a mogroside production process; the membrane concentration is nanofiltration membrane concentration, the nanofiltration membrane interception molecular weight is 100-500Da, and the concentration is carried out to 40-60 DEG Bx.

7. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein said basic salt is at least one of a basic sulfate, a basic carbonate, and a basic chloride salt of a divalent metal; the divalent metal is at least one selected from zinc, copper, iron, barium and calcium, and is preferably zinc.

8. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the seaweed extract material is one or more of kelp, ascochyta nodosa, or ascochyta nodosa; preferably, the preparation process of the seaweed extract comprises the following steps: chopping Sargassum, adding 0.01-0.5% complex enzyme preparation, performing enzymolysis at 20-50 deg.C for 5-12 hr, adding 3-5% strong base into the enzymolysis product, performing alkaline hydrolysis for 2-5 hr, and neutralizing with acid to pH 7-13 to obtain Sargassum extract.

9. The soil conditioner of claim 2, further comprising 20 to 25 parts of inorganic nutrients, wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements.

10. A process for the preparation of a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

and (3) physically and uniformly mixing the momordica grosvenori residue rotten clinker, the concentrated solution of the effluent of the upper column, the momordica grosvenori flocculation residues, the basic salt and the seaweed extract, and optionally adding inorganic nutrients, drying and granulating the mixture to obtain the soil conditioner.