CN110105963A - A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner and the preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner and the preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110105963A
CN110105963A CN201910408064.8A CN201910408064A CN110105963A CN 110105963 A CN110105963 A CN 110105963A CN 201910408064 A CN201910408064 A CN 201910408064A CN 110105963 A CN110105963 A CN 110105963A
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soil
soil conditioner
microbial inoculum
biological prosthetic
bacillus
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高进华
周丽
解学仕
杨恒哲
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Stanley Agricultural Group Co Ltd
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Stanley Agricultural Group Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to soil conditioner fields more particularly to a kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner and the preparation method and application thereof.The soil conditioner effective component includes: seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyglutamic acid, chitosan, diatomite and biological prosthetic microbial inoculum；The biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is made of iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria by living bacteria count 5:3:2.Soil conditioner of the present invention makes that the nutrition supply ability to plant can be improved while the soil restoration vigor of acidification, salinization, hardened, aging, continuous cropping again, achievees the effect that high yield and high quality in improvement soil property.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner and the preparation method and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil conditioner fields more particularly to a kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner and preparation method thereof With application.
Background technique
Soil is the most basic means of production of the mankind, is material base for the survival of mankind.Soil pollution is not only direct Lead to grain drop in production, it is often more important that, pollutant can influence human health by food chain, to the very harmful of the mankind.Soil Pollution is broadly divided into inorganic pollution and organic pollutant two major classes.Inorganic pollution mainly includes acid, alkali, heavy metal, puts Penetrating property element caesium, the compound of strontium, containing arsenic, selenium, compound of fluorine etc.；Organic pollutant mainly includes organic agricultural chemicals, phenols, cyanogen Compound, petroleum, synthetic detergent, 3,4- BaP and by municipal sewage, sludge and barnyard manure bring harmful microorganism etc..When It contains hazardous substance in soil excessive, more than the self-purification capacity of soil, composition of the soil, structure and function will be caused to become Change, microbial activities is suppressed, and gradually accumulation passes through " soil → plant → people in the soil for harmful substance or its decomposition product Body ", or be absorbed by the body indirectly by " soil → water → human body ", to be detrimental to health.
The origin cause of formation of soil pollution is sufficiently complex.In addition to the point-source pollution caused by the industry, pollutants in air sedimentation, agricultural are thrown Entering pollution of area source caused by product abuse is also major reason.For the pursuit to yield and economic benefit, nitrogenous fertilizer is largely used instead Soil acidity is caused rapidly to rise violently with phosphate fertilizer.Soil acidification degree is equivalent to 300 years under natural conditions acidizing degrees within 30 years.Soil It is to increase the activity of heavy metal in the soil that earth acidification bring, which directly affects, makes it easier to be absorbed by crops.And nitrogenous fertilizer Be excessively used and not only decline the yield and quality of crop, and increase the input cost of fertilizer.In addition, crop absorbed More nitrogens, blade can be excessively loose, reduce the efficiency of light energy utilization of crop groups, respiration is vigorous, will increase photosynthetic production The consumption of object reduces dry-matter accumulation, causes the underproduction.
On the other hand, with global desertification, desertification situation it is increasingly serious, it is fewer and fewer that soil can be ploughed, and people is more The few contradiction in ground is more prominent, raise the multiple-cropping index (continuous cropping farming) be the unique method solved the problems, such as.But it is following The continuous cropping disease such as soil-borne disease causes crop to drop in production over a large area, have no harvest.For general disease incidence 10~30%, plant is usually withered, makes At the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, Senescence rate is up to 80~90% when serious, or even full field is dead, causes to have no harvest, is a kind of destructive disease.
Soil conditioner refers to the material that the physics for being used to improve soil, chemistry and/or biological character is added in soil, uses In improvement soil texture, reduce soil alkaline harm, adjusting soil acidity or alkalinity, improvement soil water regime or repairing polluted soil Deng.Soil conditioner can be divided into natural soil conditioner and artificial synthesized soil conditioner.Soil conditioner is to obstacle soil Improving effect include adjust soil sand glue ratio, improve soil texture, promote crumb structure formed；Improve soil water-retaining water holding Ability increases effective water supply；Soil pH value is adjusted, the harm of aluminium poison is reduced or reduce；Saline-alkali soil is improved, it is full to adjust soil alkali With degree and cation exchange capacity (CEC)；Unbalance soil nutrient system is improved, available nutrient supply is promoted；Repairing polluted soil, a huge sum of money Belong to ion passivation；Soil microflora is adjusted, keep edaphon environment good etc..
For improvement soil mainly using soil conditioner is used, current most of soil conditioner uses hydrogen at this stage Calcium oxide (lime) adjusts acid soil, adjusts basic soil using calcium sulfate (gypsum), product function is single；Or using rotten Phytic acid, humic acid is rich in a large amount of organic matters, and can improve fertilizer nutrient utilization.But due to the production method of current humic acid The effect of most of is that the original powder produced is crushed using weathered coal, peat, lignite etc., the active function group of humic acid cannot be true Just show, effect is not apparent；The granular material that soil conditioner product substantially simply blends is broadcast greatly together in seed manure In the case that area is universal, it is not able to satisfy mechanical fertilization.Above-mentioned these problems cause existing soil conditioner product quality not It is high, it is difficult to different crops and edaphic condition are adapted to, fertilizer nutrient utilization and improvement soil texture cannot be effectively improved, it cannot Machinery application, increases recruitment cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, the soil conditioner is in conditioned soil Matter makes that the nutrition supply energy to plant can be improved while the soil restoration vigor of acidification, salinization, hardened, aging, continuous cropping again Power achievees the effect that high yield and high quality.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, effective component include: that seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyglutamic acid, shell are poly- Sugar, diatomite and biological prosthetic microbial inoculum.
In the present invention, this field conventional selection is can be used in the seaweed slag, but more preferably passes through enzyme by raw material of seaweed Solution preparation.The raw material for preparing the seaweed slag includes thallus laminariae, kelp etc., can sufficiently extract seaweed by enzymatic isolation method Active material.
Specifically, the preparation method of the seaweed slag includes impregnating dry seaweed (including kelp, opotism etc.) 2 hours or so It cleans 2-3 times afterwards, removes seaweed root and other sundries, the weight ratio control of dry seaweed and water is in 1:6 or so；By soaking and washing Good seaweed puts into cutter, cuts into the bulk of 10-20cm or so.The seaweed block sheared is placed in reaction kettle, according to Water is added in the weight ratio 1:1 of seaweed block and water, and enzyme is put into reaction kettle and is digested.The enzyme is cellulase, pawpaw Protease and pectase；The additional amount of the enzyme is 0.03% (with the poidometer of dry seaweed), the enzyme cellulase, pawpaw The effective content ratio 3:1:2 of protease, pectase, enzymolysis time are 3h or so；By seaweed extracted liquor and seaweed after the completion of enzymatic hydrolysis Slag separation, seaweed slag is dried, pulverization process, and the black powder that fineness is 80-100 mesh, the content of organic matter 63% are obtained.
The present invention can increase soil organic matter content using seaweed slag as source of organic matter, can promote soil granular matrix The soil water, fertilizer, air and heat situation are coordinated in the formation of structure, work well to improvement lean soil, and being capable of the micro- life of activating soil Object；So as to improve ecological environment.
In the present invention, the calcium magnesium phosphate is rock phosphate in powder and the ore containing magnesium, silicon, and high temperature melting is passed through in blast furnace or electric furnace Melt, water quenching, drying and it is levigate made of containing calcium oxide, magnesia, silica and phosphate glassy state as main component Substance, wherein the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 18wt%, and the content of calcium oxide is 45wt%, and the content of magnesia is 12wt%, The content of silica is 20wt%.
The study found that P elements, calcium constituent, magnesium can be supplemented by adding calcium magnesium phosphate in soil conditioner of the present invention Element, calcium constituent and element silicon etc.；Calcium magnesium phosphate is a kind of good saline-alkali soil soil conditioner, and calcium and magnesium ion enters soil In, displacement occurs with the sodium ion largely gathered in salt-soda soil and reacts, reduces the activity of sodium ion, reduces harm；Silicate can In conjunction with the sodium ion for generating perniciousness harm in soil, its activity is reduced, plays the role of improveing salt-soda soil；Keep plant part strong It is good for enhance crop anti-adversity ability and physiological regulating control ability, enhances the saline-alkaline tolerance of crops；It can be relieved plant salt stress, mention Rice germination percentage and cauline leaf root biomass under high-salt stress improve the root activity under salt stress.In addition, due in this compound fertilizer Containing more organic matter and macromolecule, the hardness of particle can be reduced, the present invention can improve product particle by calcium magnesium phosphate Hardness can guarantee product hardness in 15N/cm2More than.
In the present invention, the polyglutamic acid is also known as Bacillus natto glue, polyglutamic acid, it is a kind of water solubility, biodegrade, Without toxicity, boiomacromolecule made from microbe fermentation method is used.Polyglutamic acid is a kind of sticking substance, " is being received Beans " --- it is found for the first time in fermentation beans.Polyglutamic acid is a kind of special anion nature polymer, is with α-amido (α- Amino) the homotype polyamide constituted between γ-carboxyl (γ-caboxyl) through amide bond (amide linkage) (homo-polyamide) molecular weight of γ-PGA is differed from 5 ten thousand to 2 megadaltons；It can directly be bought from market.Polyglutamic Acid is in macromolecular, water packet fertilizer, has the effects that reduce liquid manure loss, drought-resistant, while microelement, manipulated soil in can chelating Earth team kernel structure improves soil texture；When its natural degradation to polypeptide, have promotion photosynthesis of plant efficiency, raising degeneration-resistant Property and has the effects that certain disease resisting effect；When it is decomposed into amino acid, directly it is absorbed by crops as nutrition.
In the present invention, polyglutamic acid has ultrahydrophilic and water holding capacity, can retain water and nutrients, can also active balance soil PH-value avoids acid soil property caused by chemical fertilizer is used for a long time.Polyglutamic acid is unrestrained when flooding in soil, can be in plant root Hair surface layer forms thin film, not only has the function of protection root hair, nutrient even more in soil, moisture content and root hair intimate contact Optimal transport platform, can very efficient dissolution, storage, conveying and the absorption for improving fertilizer；Prevent sulfate radical, phosphate radical, grass Acid group and metallic element generate precipitation, and crop is enable more effectively to absorb phosphorus in soil, calcium, magnesium and microelement；Promote Disease resistance is reinforced in the development of crop root；There is excellent buffer capacity to acid, alkali, it being capable of balanced soil pH-value.In addition, poly- Glutamic acid is to Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+、Cr3+、Al3+、As4+Equal toxic heavy metals have splendid chelate effect, can be by toxic heavy metal It is fixed up, reduces crop and absorb, promote crop quality.Polyglutamic acid can also integrate plant nutrient, the water in soil it is living at Part, it can enhance and resist the symptom as caused by the pathogenic of soil-borne, plant disease-resistant and degeneration-resistant border ability can be enhanced；It can make The agricultural product such as tealeaves, melon fruits and vegetables quickly increase production, and units increased in production is up to 10-20%.
In the present invention, this field general type is can be selected in the chitosan.Chitosan (Chitosan, abbreviation CTS) be by A kind of derivative after chitin deacetylation, linear polysaccharide made of being condensed as Glucosamine by β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-glycosidic bond, It can be dissolved in weak acid, it is cheap, it is from a wealth of sources.In the present invention, chitosan is a kind of natural plant nutrient growth promoter, both Plant insecticide can be given, it is disease-resistant, play the role of fertilizer, and plant and animal residues and minor metallic element in soil can be decomposed, thus It is converted into the nutrient of plant, enhances via plant immunity, promotes the health of plant.
The study found that percentage of seedgermination can be improved by adding chitosan in soil conditioner of the present invention, inhibit disease The growth of opportunistic pathogen actively induces plant to generate spectrum resistance.Chitosan can promote in soil actinomyces and some other beneficial to micro- The growth of biology, plays resistant effect.The reproduction that can also prevent phytopathogen simultaneously, inhibits the germinating growth of its spore, increases Strong host plant is inhibited to the growth and development of many fungal cells to the protection function of pathogen.According to research reports, Chitosan has preferable control efficiency to the antenatal and Postharvest diseases of field crop, vegetables and fruit.In addition, chitosan can be in soil One layer of semi-transparent film is formed in earth, it can absorb the moisture in soil, moisture needed for providing enough germinations to seed.Cause This, which has the function of enhancing degeneration-resistant (disease, the worm, drought etc.) property of crop.
In the present invention, the diatomite is to be formed by compound by the remains deposition of unicellular water plant diatom, Main component is SiO2.Diatomite have porosity, bulk density is light, absorption property is strong, neutrality is nontoxic, fineness is uniform, uniformly mixed Property the special performances such as good, chemical stability, moisturizing can be played the role of, loose soil property, improve soil function by being administered in soil； Diatomite can be converted into concentrated fertilizer after decomposing simultaneously, promote crop growth；In addition also there is diatomite stronger desinsection to imitate Fruit, it is possible to reduce the chemical fertilizer and insecticide usage amount of 30-60%.
In the present invention, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum preferably presses effective viable bacteria by iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria Number 5:3:2 composition.
Further, the iron-reducing bacterium is preferably azospirillum, and the bacillus is preferably Bacillus cercus, institute Stating photosynthetic bacteria is preferably one of green sulphur bacteria, red sulfur bacteria and red spiral shell bacterium or a variety of.When the photosynthetic bacteria is selected from When above any two or three kinds, living bacteria count can be arbitrary proportion, but more preferably wherein any two living bacteria count is 1:1 or three kinds of living bacteria count are 1:1:1.
Further, the iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria are the NY 1109-20064.1.1 first order (A.1) exempt to make the strain of toxicology test.
The study found that can effectively improve agricultural product by adding biological prosthetic microbial inoculum in soil conditioner of the present invention Product, the beneficials content such as protein, sugar, vitamin, amino acid significantly improve, and seed, fruit are plentiful smooth, vegetables fruit Bright color, economic value are high；The accumulation that nitrate can also be reduced simultaneously, improves the safety of agricultural product.
As optimal technical scheme of the present invention, the effective component of above-mentioned soil conditioner be by seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, Polyglutamic acid, chitosan, diatomite and biological prosthetic microbial inoculum composition.
The research of the invention finds that cooperating between above-mentioned effective component, cooperative synergism effect is obvious, can not only improve Soil property makes the soil restoration vigor of acidification, salinization, hardened, aging, continuous cropping, additionally it is possible to while raising is to the nutrition supply of plant Ability achievees the effect that high yield and high quality.
To further increase each component synergistic effect, usage ratio of the present invention also to each component in above-mentioned soil conditioner It is optimized, specifically, the soil conditioner includes the component of following parts by weight:
Wherein, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum presses living bacteria count 5:3:2 group by iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria At；CFU/ grams of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum total living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million.
It is further preferred that the soil conditioner includes the component of following parts by weight:
Wherein, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum presses living bacteria count 5:3:2 group by iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria At；CFU/ grams of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum total living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the soil conditioner includes the component of following parts by weight:
Wherein, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum presses living bacteria count 5:3:2 group by iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria At；The total living bacteria count of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is >=0.2 hundred million CFU/ grams.
The raw materials used in the present invention is commercially available to buy.
Conventional method in that art preparation can be used in fertilizer synergist of the present invention.
The present invention also provides a kind of preferred preparation methods of above-mentioned soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:
1) seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyglutamic acid, chitosan, diatomite are uniformly mixed according to the ratio；It usually can first will be each Component is mixed again after being pulverized into powder；
2) dried biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is added according to the ratio again, mixes.
In general, step 1) mixes again after being first pulverized into powder each component.
In general, step 2) can be dry to water content≤30% by biological prosthetic microbial inoculum.It is dry to avoid active bacteria from inactivating Temperature is usually no more than 30 DEG C.It can usually be dried at room temperature for, the ambient temperature range is 18 DEG C -25 DEG C, preferably 20 DEG C, is done The dry time is generally 3-3.5 hours.
In addition, step 2) further includes the steps that crushing it, preferably be crushed to after biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is dry Granularity 70%~80% crosses 20 mesh, and 20%~30% crosses 100 mesh.The study found that smashing fineness and its fertilizer efficiency are closely related, crush It is that nutrient is uniform to the advantages of particle size range, fertilizer efficiency is significant.
In a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of above-mentioned high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, including with Lower step:
(1) it feeds intake: seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyglutamic acid, chitosan, diatomite being respectively crushed into powdered, then press Proportion mixes；
(2) biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is dried at room temperature for water content≤30%；It is crushed to granularity 70%~80% and crosses 20 Mesh, 20%~30% crosses 100 mesh；
The ambient temperature range is 18 DEG C -25 DEG C, and preferably 20 DEG C, drying time is generally 3-3.5 hours；
(3) mixed material obtained by the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum of step 2) processing and step 1) is mixed；It mixes
Keeping temperature of charge range in the process is 18 DEG C -25 DEG C, preferably 20 DEG C；?.
Aforementioned present invention further includes application of the above-mentioned soil conditioner in improvement soil.
Soil conditioner of the present invention can be used in dispersion grogs of reuniting, and improve the soil cementation agent of soil texture；It can be used for Fixed surface soil, the soil stabilization agent to prevent erosion；It can be used for adjusting soil tune acid, the alkali tune agent of soil acidity or alkalinity；It can protect Hold the water-loss reducer of soil of soil moisture；Mineral sources conditioner for balanced soil ionic condition；For preventing or improving soil Hardened raising agent exempts from agent etc. of deep ploughing.
Compared with existing soil conditioner, following implementation result can achieve using the technology of the present invention:
(1) product of the present invention is aided with calcium and magnesium phosphorus with natural sea algae-residue, polyglutamic acid, chitosan, diatomite etc. for raw material Fertilizer, soil remediation microbial inoculum etc., are process through scientific technology, there is highly significant " water conservation, is breathed freely at getting fat " three big soil conditionings Performance can not only break soil hardening, chesson, improve the gas permeability of soil, reduce the soil weight, promote edaphon Activity, enhancing soil fertility penetration, moreover it is possible to soil, water conservation drought resisting, enhancing crop antibacterial ability are improved, crop quality is improved, Crop yield is improved, the functions such as crops original ecological are restored.
(2) contain calcium, magnesium, sulphur, organic matter and various trace elements in product of the present invention, application product of the present invention can Soil acidity or alkalinity is adjusted, and the crumb structure of soil can be improved, upgrading is carried out to soil, keeps the validity of soil nutrient most Good value, acts on the Balance Absorption of nutrient to be conducive to crop, and enhancing crop disease-resistant, increases substantially farming at drought-resistant ability The yield and quality of object.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..It is not specified in embodiment specific Technology or conditions person, described technology or conditions according to the literature in the art, or carried out according to product description.It is used Production firm person is not specified in reagent or instrument, is the conventional products that can be commercially available by regular distributor.
Seaweed slag used below is prepared by enzymatic isolation method, and raw material is kelp.The specific method is as follows: dry kelp soaking 2 is small When after clean 2-3 times, remove seaweed root and other sundries, the weight ratio of dry seaweed and water is controlled in 1:6；Soaking and washing is good Seaweed put into cutter, cut into the bulk of 10-20cm or so.The seaweed block sheared is placed in reaction kettle, according to sea Water is added in the weight ratio 1:1 of algae block and water, and enzyme is put into reaction kettle and is digested.The enzyme is cellulase, pawpaw egg White enzyme and pectase；The additional amount of the enzyme is 0.03% (with the poidometer of dry kelp), the enzyme cellulase, pawpaw egg Effective content the ratio 3:1:2, enzymolysis time 3h of white enzyme, pectase；Seaweed extracted liquor is separated with seaweed slag after the completion of enzymatic hydrolysis, Seaweed slag is dried, pulverization process, obtains the black powder that fineness is 80-100 mesh, the content of organic matter 63%.Following institute Xuanwei City Heng Bang phosphorus chemical industry Co., Ltd is purchased from calcium magnesium phosphate.
Polyglutamic acid used below is purchased from Shandong Chang Rui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Chitosan used below is purchased from Shandong Chang Rui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Biological prosthetic microbial inoculum used below presses living bacteria count 5:3:2 group by iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria At；Wherein, the iron-reducing bacterium is azospirillum, and the bacillus is Bacillus cercus, and the photosynthetic bacteria is green sulphur Bacterium, red sulfur bacteria and red spiral shell bacterium are formed by living bacteria count 1:1:1.The total living bacteria count of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum (CFU) for >=0.2 hundred million/gram；The iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria are the NY 1109-20064.1.1 first order (A.1) exempt to make the strain of toxicology test.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
The present embodiment also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, comprising:
Step 1: seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyglutamic acid, chitosan and diatomite are fed intake, the equal powder of above-mentioned raw materials It is broken into powdered；
Step 2: raw materials all in step 1 being stirred, are allowed to uniformly mix；
Step 3: putting into biological prosthetic microbial inoculum in step 2；
Step 4: being dried at 20 DEG C of room temperature, drying time is 3-3.5 hours；
Step 5: being crushed to granularity 70%~80% and cross 20 mesh, 20%~30% crosses 100 mesh；
Step 6: secondary agitation is mixed to biological prosthetic microbial inoculum and other raw materials and is sufficiently mixed, and material is kept in whipping process Temperature range is 20 DEG C；
Step 7: being packed and stored.
Through detecting, the present embodiment high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner contains: phosphorus pentoxide 6.3%, calcium oxide 15.75%, magnesia 4.2%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Through detecting, the present embodiment high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner contains: phosphorus pentoxide 7.2%, calcium oxide 18%, oxygen Change magnesium 4.8%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Through detecting, the present embodiment high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner contains: phosphorus pentoxide 8.1%, calcium oxide 20.25%, magnesia 5.4%.
Comparative example 1
A kind of soil conditioner is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1 for this comparative example soil conditioner.
Comparative example 2
A kind of soil conditioner is grouped as by the group of following parts by weight:
The preparation method of the soil conditioner of this comparative example, with embodiment 1.
Effect experiment one: soil conditioner application effect
For the effect for further verifying above-mentioned soil conditioner application, planting experiment is carried out in experimental field, due to planting In be also required to crop fertilization, therefore the method for application of conditioner is to supplement to impose except normal fertilising, the amount of application according to Earth volume is watered 70-100kg with one kilogram of fertilizer every time per acre using control, and the amount of application of soil conditioner is basic dose 3% or so.
After plantation is completed, pH ability is loosened the soil and adjusts for evaluation soil conditioner, laboratory is using fertilizer: water: soil= 1:20:60 is carried out in tool plug graduated cylinder, is first uniformly mixed, then measures the volume change of soil after standing half an hour, and measure pH Variation.
For the water holding capacity for evaluating soil conditioner, 0~20cm root layer soil is taken in field, 1mm sieve is crossed after air-drying, is dried It is dry, dry ground 2.85kg is weighed, soil conditioner is weighed by normal field rate, and small basin (14.5cm × 13.5cm) is packed into after mixing In, saturated soil water content is added water to, is weighed at preset timed intervals, soil water-retaining rate R=(m '-m/m is calculated0- m) × 100%, Middle m ' is soil total amount (g) in native basin, and m is dry ground weight (g) in native basin, m0It is soil in native basin up in basin native after saturation moisture content Soil weight (g).
Meanwhile in order to compare, carried out using the general planting of urea-base compound fertilizer (18-8-18) as blank control group (CK) It compares, then statistical result such as the following table 1:
Table 1
In order to verify plantation application after duration effect, by the soil after above-mentioned Brassica rapa L agrochemical planting experiment into The wheel plantation of row second, long-term cropping is cabbage heart.After plantation is completed, detection comparison carried out to soil sample, three Ji Yihou of crop fertilization, The utilization rate of fertilizer of application embodiment 1-3 soil conditioner averagely increases by 18.6%, and the soil organism increases by 13.6%, and soil is protected Water rate improves 32.1%, and soil hardening situation is substantially reduced, and soil physico-chemical property is improved, and fertilizer efficiency sustainable 3 years, irrigates and uses Water can save 20% or more, wherein 1 effect of embodiment is best.
Therefore, it can be seen that soil conditioner of the invention from the result of above-mentioned planting experiment, it is living by direct chemistry Property ingredient and indirect soil texture ingredient so as to improve the physicochemical character of soil mitigate soil hardening situation, improve fertilizer benefit With rate, promote plant growth, improve yield, there are significant economic benefit, social benefit and and ecological benefits.
Effect experiment two: tomato comparative test
1, test material and method
1. test material
Test is carried out in Stanley modern AGR-technology park, selects the greenhouse in 3 years canopy ages.
It is a kind of early-maturing variety --- tomato " greenhouse 68 " for examination crop varieties.
Distance between rows and hills 60cm × 30cm, in mid-November, 2017 transplanting, off-test in mid-June, 2018.Other management are arranged It is consistent with local traditional habit to apply such as irrigation and insect-pest.
Tomato special fertilizer (16-6-20): applicant Stanley farm bloc limited liability company production.
2. test method
According to local habits fertilization amount, experimental design 6 processing, 3 repetitions, greenhouse test processing, which designs, to be specifically shown in Table 2.
2 greenhouse test of table processing design
Test process Processing mode
CK It does not apply fertilizer control
Processing 1 Tomato special fertilizer+soil conditioner embodiment 1
Processing 2 Tomato special fertilizer+soil conditioner embodiment 2
Processing 3 Tomato special fertilizer+soil conditioner embodiment 3
Processing 4 Tomato special fertilizer+soil conditioner comparative example 1
Processing 5 Tomato special fertilizer+soil conditioner comparative example 2
Processing 6 Habits fertilization: tomato special fertilizer (16-6-20)
Application method: applying 75-150 kilograms of tomato special fertilizer per acre, and wherein soil conditioner is each per acre using controlling It is watered 70-100kg with one kilogram of fertilizer, is 3% or so of basic dose.It uniformly is spread on earth's surface, applies topsoil in conjunction with cultivated fertilizer.
3. detection method
Ascorbic measurement in tamato fruit: each a part in 12~14 fresh fruits is taken, about 100g is weighed Aggregate sample is added 2% oxalic acid solution of 100ml, slurry is broken into tissue mashing machine, then takes slurry about 20g with 1% Oxalic acid is diluted to 100ml, shakes up, then 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric method for determining is used in filtering.
The measurement of reduced sugar in tamato fruit: taking 12~14 fresh fruits, smashed to pieces and be slurried, then weigh 10g or so Slurry remove acidity and precipitating proteins with calcium carbonate and 10% acetic acid lead solution in 250ml volumetric flask, then at 80 DEG C Water-bath is extracted, and cyanide salt iodometric determination is then used
The measurement of acidity in tamato fruit: taking 12~14 fresh fruits, it is smashed to pieces in bruisher, then weigh and smash to pieces Then homogeneous sample 5g is titrated with 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution.
2, test results and analysis
1. being influenced on tomato nutritional quality
Influence of the table 3 to Tomato Quality
Note: LSD variance analysis method；It indicates that difference is not significant containing same letter, indicates significant difference without same letter； Lowercase indicates significant in 0.05 level, similarly hereinafter.
Test result shows under conditions of applying same fertilizer that soil conditioner has a significant impact fruit quality, this hair Bright soil conditioner embodiment 1 can be such that vitamin C in tamato fruit, reduced sugar, sugar/acid ratio dramatically increases；Acidity amount in fruit Reduce, the flavor of fruit becomes excellent, and quality improves.
2. the influence to tomato yield
Table 4 is to greenhouse tomato yield effect and its yield increase effect
As can be seen from Table 4, significant difference, under conditions of applying same fertilizer, soil is presented in yield between different disposal Conditioner has a significant impact fruit yield, wherein, volume increase best to handle the effect of increasing production of 1 (soil conditioner embodiment 1) Rate is 48.6%.
3, conclusion
Test result shows that soil conditioner can improve the reducing sugar content and Vitamin C content of tomato, reduces tomato The total acidity of fruit, and obvious effect of increasing production, wherein best with the effect of increasing production for handling 1.
The experimental results showed that high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner generates positive effect to the tree characteristics and yield of tomato. The soil weight reduces after applying product of the present invention, and porosity increases, and illustrates that product of the present invention can improve soil physico-chemical property；It applies It is obviously increased with soil enzymatic activities after product of the present invention, illustrates that product of the present invention can improve soil enzymatic activities, improve soil physical chemistry Shape.Wherein, 1 effect of embodiment is best, is worthy to be popularized.
Effect test 3: Chinese cabbage comparative test
1, test material and method
The Chinese cabbage greenhouse canopy room of selection continuous cropping 5 years, soil continuous cropping disease is serious, heavy metals exceeding standard.According to " middle Chinese People republic environmental protection professional standard soil environment monitoring technical specification " (HJ/T166-2004) guidance method, in area To choose 3 cells in one mu of greenhouse, be respectively labeled as: blank control cell, comparison cell and experimental plot are (according to effect The embodiment 1 best using effect of test 2).Random distributed points are carried out to the soil of greenhouse before Chinese cabbage cultivation and sample sampling Detection, Each cell respectively adopts 8 parts.Sampling operation process are as follows: in position of layouting, remove the large particles such as weeds, the stone on surface, then Surface soil is dug out with spades, is fitted into polybag.Excavating depth is 0-20cm, every part of soil weight 1kg.
2, pedotheque pretreatment and detection
Pedotheque is placed on ventilation natural air drying, the rhizome of stone cleaning and plant is removed, is milled with mortar, crosses 60 Mesh takes 100 grams using quartering, stores spare；Remaining soil is sieved with 100 mesh sieve again, equally takes 100 grams using quartering Sample is measured as this content of beary metal.
Different pH value will affect the form of heavy metal in soil, so needing simultaneously to be measured the pH value of soil.pH The measurement of value is according to People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria NYT 1121.2-2006 " Soil K+adsorption part 2: the survey of pH It is fixed ".In order to enable the data better authenticity and reliability of measurement, are measured using international method, wherein inhaled using atom Receive in spectrophotometry measurement soil using state Cu, Cr, using in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry measurement soil Using state Cd, Pb；Soil acidity or alkalinity measurement uses potentiometry, soil ratio 2.5:1.0.
3, detection data is handled
The pH value of greenhouse soil that meet national standards is between 6.5-7.5, content≤0.3mg/kg of Cd, the content of Pb Content≤50mg/kg of content≤150mg/kg of≤50mg/kg, Cr, Cu.
Each cell heavy metal and pH detected value before table 5 is cultivated
The pH value of greenhouse soil is 5.62 to have exceeded normal range (NR) as can be seen from Table 5, soil acidification, and Cr, Cu Content severely exceeds, and the content of Cd is also close to dangerous values.For serious heavy metal pollution greenhouse.
4, soil conditioning
Processing is mediated to the soil of comparison cell and experimental plot respectively before Cabbage Seedling, wherein comparison cell is applied With normal soil inorganic agent, the composite soil conditioner of the embodiment of the present invention 1 of phase homogenous quantities, application side are applied in experimental plot Method: spreading fertilizer over the fields with base manure, and is turned over.
September 18 in 2017 starts Cabbage Seedling, progress on October 3 definite value in each cell respectively.
It is observed in Chinese cabbage growth period, experimental plot Chinese cabbage plant root is flourishing, robust plant；Incidence of insect disease exists 5% or so.Comparison cell Chinese cabbage plant is short and small compared with experimental plot, and yellow leaf, incidence of insect disease is 10% or so；Blank pair Obviously short and small according to the Chinese cabbage plant of cell, root system is short and small, yellow leaf, and has bad root phenomenon, and the disease incidence of pest and disease damage exists 10%-15% or so.
6 Chinese cabbage growth period of table each cell heavy metal and pH detected value
As can be seen from Table 6, in Chinese cabbage growth period, experimental plot is after soil conditioner processing of the invention, in soil Part heavy metal ion be passivated, soil pH value and content of beary metal all make moderate progress, and comparison cell is using at normal soil It is unobvious to manage its effect of agent, blank control cell is not only aggravated without improving instead.
Each cell heavy metal and pH detected value after 7 Chinese cabbage of table harvest
As can be seen from Table 7, after Chinese cabbage harvest, being further reduced using state heavy metal ion content in soil, examination It tests cell soil pH value and content of beary metal all makes moderate progress, comparison cell is unobvious using its effect of normal soil inorganic agent, Blank control cell is not only aggravated without improving instead.
The single plant yield of each cell, total output and volume increase situation are counted after Chinese cabbage harvest, statistical result such as table 8 It is shown.
8 different tests cell Chinese cabbage nutritional quality situation table of table
Cell and the Chinese cabbage yield in experimental plot, Vitamin C content are compared it can be seen from 8 Chinese cabbage test result of table And soluble sugar content is compareed obviously higher than blank cell, comparison cell volume increase 13.56%, experimental plot volume increase 38.79%.
Experiments have shown that soil conditioner provided by the invention can adjust soil pH value, control soil in heavy metal contain Amount, reduce incidence of insect disease, be obviously improved Chinese cabbage yield, improve product quality can significantly improve soil, not only can increase white The cabbage heart (commodity rate) of dish significantly improves vitamin C and soluble sugar content, and significantly reduces nitrate content, volume increase effect Fruit is significant, also, the Product Green is pollution-free, to crop, soil Environmental Safety, is worth promoting.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause This, these modifications or improvements, fall within the scope of the claimed invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner, which is characterized in that its effective component includes: seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, poly- paddy Propylhomoserin, chitosan, diatomite and biological prosthetic microbial inoculum；The biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is preferably by iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and light Bacterium is closed to form by living bacteria count 5:3:2.
2. soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the component including following parts by weight:
Wherein, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is made of iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria by living bacteria count 5:3:2； CFU/ grams of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum total living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million.
3. soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the component including following parts by weight:
Wherein, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is made of iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria by living bacteria count 5:3:2； CFU/ grams of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum total living bacteria count >=0.2 hundred million.
4. soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the component including following parts by weight:
Wherein, the biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is made of iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria by living bacteria count 5:3:2； The total living bacteria count of biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is >=0.2 hundred million CFU/ grams.
5. soil conditioner according to claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the iron-reducing bacterium is fixed nitrogen spiral shell Bacterium, the bacillus are preferably Bacillus cercus, and the photosynthetic bacteria is in green sulphur bacteria, red sulfur bacteria and red spiral shell bacterium It is one or more；
Preferably, the iron-reducing bacterium, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria are that the NY 1109-20064.1.1 first order (A.1) is exempted to make The strain of toxicology test.
6. soil conditioner according to claim 1-5, which is characterized in that the seaweed slag is with seaweed for original Material provides enzymatic isolation method preparation.
7. soil conditioner according to claim 1-6, which is characterized in that five oxidation two in the calcium magnesium phosphate The content of phosphorus is 18wt%, and the content of calcium oxide is 45wt%, and the content of magnesia is 12wt%, and the content of silica is 20wt%.
8. the preparation method of any one of the claim 1-7 soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
1) seaweed slag, calcium magnesium phosphate, polyglutamic acid, chitosan, diatomite are uniformly mixed according to the ratio；
2) dried biological prosthetic microbial inoculum is added according to the ratio again, mixes.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that step 2) crushes dried biological prosthetic microbial inoculum 20 mesh are crossed to granularity 70%~80%, 20%~30% crosses 100 mesh.
10. any one of the claim 1-7 soil conditioner or the soil conditioner of claim 8 or 9 the methods preparation Application in improvement soil.
CN201910408064.8A 2019-05-15 2019-05-15 A kind of high-efficiency multi-function soil conditioner and the preparation method and application thereof Pending CN110105963A (en)

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