CN110720370A - One-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping mode in central plain area - Google Patents
One-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping mode in central plain area Download PDFInfo
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- CN110720370A CN110720370A CN201911166096.8A CN201911166096A CN110720370A CN 110720370 A CN110720370 A CN 110720370A CN 201911166096 A CN201911166096 A CN 201911166096A CN 110720370 A CN110720370 A CN 110720370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
A mode of potato-cowpea intercropping and interplanting for two seasons in central plain area in one year comprises the following steps: the mode is characterized in that watering and fertilizing are carried out in a mode of drip irrigation under the film; interplanting asparagus beans between potatoes in the first season: ridging at row spacing of 70-75cm from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, and sowing potatoes in spring in single row at intervals of 20-25 cm; timely breaking the film after the potato seedlings emerge, and performing field management according to a conventional method after the potatoes grow into seedlings; 4, from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month, irrigating empty ridges between two ridges of potatoes with enough water 3 days in advance, planting 2 rows of cowpeas in each big ridge according to the direct seeding mode and shallow soil coverage, wherein the plant spacing is 25-30cm, the small row spacing is 30cm, and each hole is provided with 3-4 seeds; and (3) interplanting potatoes among the asparagus beans in the second season: after the potatoes are harvested in spring from the first ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days, ridging at the original ridge position, sowing cowpeas growing in summer and autumn from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months according to a spring method, and harvesting from the middle ten days to the last ten days of 9 months; and (3) from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, enabling spring cowpeas to enter the final stage of pod formation, after seedling pulling, preparing soil at the original ridge position to form ridges, sowing autumn potatoes in the middle ten days of 8 months in a single row with the row spacing of 20-25cm, and harvesting in the middle ten days of 11 months.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a specific cultivation method of a one-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping mode in central regions.
Background
The asparagus beans and the potatoes belong to annual vegetable crops, the asparagus beans are warm in nature and high-temperature resistant, can be planted in open field from the beginning of 4 months to the beginning of 8 months in the central China, and are main vegetables in summer and autumn; the potatoes are cool in nature, can be cultivated in spring and autumn in the central plain, are simple to plant, short in growth period, rich in nutrition and resistant to storage and transportation, and are important vegetable crops in dispensing markets and stable markets. Through the tests in recent years, the stubble of the potatoes and the asparagus beans is mutually promoted and is suitable for intercropping; the heights are complementary, the method is suitable for interplanting, and the asparagus beans and the potatoes are mutually superior in physiological characteristics through the intercropping mode.
During interplanting in spring, potatoes are sown at the beginning of 3 months, the key period of potato tuber expansion is before harvesting in the middle of 6 months from the late 3 months, and the temperature is gradually high when summer comes, so that the climate is not beneficial to potato expansion. Sowing the cowpeas in the middle ten days of 4 months, wherein overhead planting is needed, and the cowpeas can effectively shade and cool the potatoes, control the overground part of the potatoes and promote the underground enlargement of the potatoes when the cowpeas are fully planted and pod-bearing period of positive spring stubbles in 5-6 months; for asparagus bean, the ridge distance is widened to 1.5 meters or more compared with the conventional 1.3 meter ridge distance due to the interplanting of the potatoes, the ventilation and the air permeability are greatly improved, the illumination is sufficient, the flowering and pod-bearing of the asparagus bean are facilitated, and the great help is brought to the improvement of the yield and pod-bearing commodity of the asparagus bean. During intercropping in summer and autumn, the asparagus beans are sown by inoculating spring potatoes at the bottom of 6 months and in the beginning of 7 months, and the flowers and the pods are fully grown in 8 months, so that the autumn potatoes sown in 8 months can be effectively shaded and cooled, and the occurrence of broken ridges of high-temperature high-humidity rotten potatoes after the autumn potatoes are sown is effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the idle land of 7-8 months after the potatoes are harvested in 6 months is made up, the output of the land is improved, the late summer vegetable season is supplemented, and the planting benefit is improved.
The technical basis of the intercropping mode is as follows: mature potato cultivation technology in spring and autumn, mature asparagus bean cultivation technology in spring and summer and autumn, and under-mulch drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intercropping and interplanting mode which is suitable for the central region, can fully utilize land resources, space resources and light energy resources and furthest improves the planting yield and benefit of cowpea and potato.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
the mode of potato-cowpea intercropping and interplanting for two seasons in central China comprises the following steps:
A. the mode is characterized in that watering and fertilizing are carried out in a mode of drip irrigation under the film;
B. interplanting asparagus beans between potatoes in the first season: preparing land and fertilizing from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, ridging according to the row spacing of 70-75cm, laying drip irrigation pipes, covering mulching films, and sowing potatoes in spring in a single row at intervals of 20-25 cm; timely breaking the film after the potato seedlings emerge to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, and performing field management according to a conventional method after the seedlings emerge; 4, from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month, irrigating empty ridges between two ridges of potatoes with enough water 3 days in advance, planting 2 rows of cowpeas in each big ridge according to the direct seeding mode and shallow soil coverage, wherein the plant spacing is 25-30cm, the small row spacing is 30cm, and each hole is provided with 3-4 seeds; after the cowpeas grow out uniformly, inserting rods, building frames, timely leading tendrils to the frames, taking the principle of controlling before and after fertilizer and water management as the main principle, and paying attention to the well-done pest and disease prevention and control work in the later period;
C. and (3) interplanting potatoes among the asparagus beans in the second season: after the potatoes are harvested in spring from the first ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days, ridging at the original ridge position, paving a drip irrigation pipe, covering a mulching film, sowing cowpeas growing in summer and autumn according to a spring method from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, and harvesting from the middle ten days to the last ten days of 9 months; and (3) from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, enabling spring cowpeas to enter the final stage of pod formation, pulling seedlings, preparing soil at the original ridge position, ridging, sowing autumn potatoes in the middle ten days of 8 months in a single row with the row spacing of 20-25cm, paving a drip irrigation pipe after sowing the autumn potatoes into ridges, covering a mulching film, and harvesting in the middle ten days of 11 months.
The watering and fertilizing of the potatoes and the cowpeas are carried out in a drip irrigation mode under the film; after land preparation and ridging are carried out in each season, the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the ridge surfaces, two drip irrigation pipes are laid on each ridge of the cowpea ridge, one drip irrigation pipe is laid on each ridge of the potato ridge, and then a mulching film is covered; the joint of each drip irrigation pipe and the main pipe is provided with a valve independently, so that the two crops can supply fertilizer and water scientifically according to respective growth laws.
According to the reasonable close planting of the cowpeas, the planting density is determined according to the variety characteristics of the cowpeas, the row spacing of the spring cowpeas is 25-30cm, branches and leaves of middle and late-maturing varieties or cowpeas planted in summer and autumn are vigorous, and the row spacing is 30-35 cm.
According to the spring cowpea sowing method, a direct sowing mode and a seedling transplanting mode can be adopted, hole sowing or nutrition pot seedling cultivation is carried out from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, field planting is carried out from the middle ten days to the last ten days of 4 months, and 2-3 plants are field planted in each hole.
In the invention, autumn potatoes are sown by adopting 50-100g of small whole potatoes, so that high-temperature rotten potatoes are prevented; 10 days before sowing, soaking seeds in 10ppm gibberellin solution for 10 minutes, draining off residual liquid, spreading in a shade and ventilated place with the thickness of less than 20cm, covering with 1cm wet sand or wet straw mat for accelerating germination, removing the covering when the sprouts are 1-2cm long, and sowing in the field after the white sprouts turn green.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can continuously plant the potatoes and the asparagus beans for two seasons, the asparagus beans and the potatoes are layered at high and low positions and are lined alternately, land resources, time resources and light energy resources are fully utilized, and the yield increasing rate can reach about 30 percent at most compared with single cropping.
2. The invention adopts the drip irrigation under the film to respectively water and fertilize the potatoes and the cowpeas, a watering ditch is not reserved between every two ridges, the ridge distance can be reduced, the planting density is increased, and the yield per unit area is improved, thereby not only effectively solving the contradiction between the two in different water and fertilizer requiring periods, but also improving the planting benefit of intercropping to a certain extent.
3. The invention adopts the drip irrigation under the film to carry out watering and fertilizing, can reduce the manual input, and avoids the problems of water resource waste caused by flood irrigation, field disease propagation along with water and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples:
example 1
A. Sowing spring potatoes in about 2 months and 25 days, selecting land blocks with smooth terrain and good drainage, applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and harrowing soil, ridging according to the row spacing of 75cm, and sowing the potatoes every other ridge according to the plant spacing of 20 cm. After potato seeding, the ridge surface is leveled, each ridge is paved with a drip irrigation pipe, and then a mulching film is covered. The joint of each drip irrigation pipe and the main pipe is provided with a valve independently. And (3) breaking the film of the potatoes in time after the seedlings emerge so as to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, and performing field management according to a conventional method after the seedlings emerge.
B. Sowing spring cowpea: and (4) sowing cowpeas every other ridge for about 15 days after 4 months, paving two drip irrigation pipes on each ridge, covering a mulching film, and then adopting a direct sowing mode, wherein 3-4 seeds are planted in each hole, and the planting distance is 25 cm. After the cowpeas grow regularly, inserting rods, building frames, timely leading tendrils to the frames, taking the principle of promoting the cowpeas to grow on the frames after the cowpeas grow regularly, and paying attention to the pest control work in the later period.
C. Sowing summer cowpeas: and (3) after about 6 months and 10 days, the spring potatoes enter the harvesting period, after the potatoes are harvested, leveling the land in time, ridging according to the original ridge distance, laying drip irrigation pipes and covering a mulching film, directly sowing cowpeas about 6 months and 25 days, performing double-row sowing in each ridge at a plant distance of 30cm, performing field management, drainage, waterlogging prevention and pest control after seedling emergence, and ending the summer cowpea harvesting until about 9 months and 20 days.
D. Sowing autumn potatoes: and (3) about 7 months and 25 days, the spring cowpea enters the final stage of pod formation, soil is prepared and ridged in time after seedling pulling, a mulching film is covered after a drip irrigation pipe is laid, autumn potatoes are sown at a plant spacing of 20cm about 8 months and 10 days, and the autumn potatoes are harvested about 11 months and 10 days.
Example 2
A. Sowing spring potatoes, namely sowing the spring potatoes in about 3 months and 1 day, selecting land blocks with smooth terrain and good drainage, applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and harrowing the land, ridging according to the row spacing of 70cm, and sowing the potatoes every other ridge according to the plant spacing of 25 cm. After potato seeding, the ridge surface is leveled, each ridge is paved with a drip irrigation pipe, and then a mulching film is covered. The joint of each drip irrigation pipe and the main pipe is provided with a valve independently. And (3) breaking the film of the potatoes in time after the seedlings emerge so as to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, and performing field management according to a conventional method after the seedlings emerge.
B. Sowing spring cowpea: and (4) sowing cowpeas every other ridge for about 20 days after 4 months, paving two drip irrigation pipes on each ridge, covering a mulching film, and then adopting a direct sowing mode, wherein 3-4 seeds are planted in each hole, and the planting distance is 30 cm. After the cowpeas grow regularly, inserting rods, building frames, timely leading tendrils to the frames, taking the principle of promoting the cowpeas to grow on the frames after the cowpeas grow regularly, and paying attention to the pest control work in the later period.
C. Sowing summer cowpeas: and (3) after 6-15 days, the spring potatoes enter the harvesting period, after the potatoes are harvested, leveling the land in time, ridging according to the original ridge distance, laying drip irrigation pipes and covering a mulching film, directly sowing cowpeas in about 7-5 days, wherein each ridge has two rows and the plant distance is 35cm, after seedling emergence, the field management, drainage, waterlogging prevention and pest control work is carried out, and the summer cowpeas are harvested until about 9-25 days.
D. Sowing autumn potatoes: and (3) about 7 months and 30 days, the spring cowpea enters the final stage of pod formation, soil is prepared and ridged in time after seedling pulling, a mulching film is covered after a drip irrigation pipe is laid, autumn potatoes are sown about 8 months and 15 days, and the potatoes are harvested about 11 months and 15 days.
Example 3
A. Sowing the spring potatoes in about 26 days in 2 months, selecting land blocks with smooth terrain and good drainage, applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing and harrowing the land, ridging according to the row spacing of 75cm, and sowing the potatoes every other ridge according to the plant spacing of 25 cm. After potato seeding, the ridge surface is leveled, each ridge is paved with a drip irrigation pipe, and then a mulching film is covered. The joint of each drip irrigation pipe and the main pipe is provided with a valve independently. And (3) breaking the film of the potatoes in time after the seedlings emerge so as to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, and performing field management according to a conventional method after the seedlings emerge.
B. Sowing spring cowpea: seedling culture is started in a greenhouse by using a plug tray about 3 months and 25 days, seedling culture is started about 4 months and 20 days, when the seedling age reaches about 25 days in the calendar and physiological seedling age has 2-3 main leaves, cowpea seedlings are fixedly planted in every other ridge of potatoes, 2-3 cowpea seedlings are fixedly planted in each hole, two drip irrigation pipes are laid in each ridge, then mulching films are covered, and double-row planting is carried out, wherein the plant spacing is 30 cm. After the cowpeas grow regularly, inserting rods, building frames, timely leading tendrils to the frames, taking the principle of promoting the cowpeas to grow on the frames after the cowpeas grow regularly, and paying attention to the pest control work in the later period.
C. Sowing summer cowpeas: and (3) after 6 months and 10 days, the spring potatoes enter the harvesting period, after the potatoes are harvested, leveling the land in time, ridging according to the original ridge distance, laying drip irrigation pipes and covering a mulching film, directly sowing cowpeas in about 7 months and 10 days, wherein each ridge has two rows and the plant distance is 35cm, after seedling emergence, the field management, drainage, waterlogging prevention and pest control work is carried out, and the summer cowpeas are harvested until about 9 months and 30 days.
D. Sowing autumn potatoes: and (3) about 7 months and 25 days, the spring cowpea enters the final stage of pod formation, soil is prepared and ridged in time after seedling pulling, a mulching film is covered after a drip irrigation pipe is laid, autumn potatoes are sown about 8 months and 10 days, and the potatoes are harvested about 11 months and 10 days.
Claims (5)
1. A mode of potato-cowpea intercropping and interplanting for two seasons in central plain area is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
A. the mode is characterized in that watering and fertilizing are carried out in a mode of drip irrigation under the film;
B. interplanting asparagus beans between potatoes in the first season: preparing land and fertilizing from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, ridging according to the row spacing of 70-75cm, laying drip irrigation pipes, covering mulching films, and sowing potatoes in spring in a single row at intervals of 20-25 cm; timely breaking the film after the potato seedlings emerge to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, and performing field management according to a conventional method after the seedlings emerge; 4, from the middle ten days to the last ten days of the month, irrigating empty ridges between two ridges of potatoes with enough water 3 days in advance, planting 2 rows of cowpeas in each big ridge according to the direct seeding mode and shallow soil coverage, wherein the plant spacing is 25-30cm, the small row spacing is 30cm, and each hole is provided with 3-4 seeds; after the cowpeas grow out uniformly, inserting rods, building frames, timely leading tendrils to the frames, taking the principle of controlling before and after fertilizer and water management as the main principle, and paying attention to the well-done pest and disease prevention and control work in the later period;
C. and (3) interplanting potatoes among the asparagus beans in the second season: after the potatoes are harvested in spring from the first ten days of 6 months to the middle ten days, ridging at the original ridge position, paving a drip irrigation pipe, covering a mulching film, sowing cowpeas growing in summer and autumn according to a spring method from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, and harvesting from the middle ten days to the last ten days of 9 months; and (3) from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, enabling spring cowpeas to enter the final stage of pod formation, pulling seedlings, preparing soil at the original ridge position, ridging, sowing autumn potatoes in the middle ten days of 8 months in a single row with the row spacing of 20-25cm, paving a drip irrigation pipe after sowing the autumn potatoes into ridges, covering a mulching film, and harvesting in the middle ten days of 11 months.
2. The mode of one-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping in central plains according to claim 1, wherein: watering and fertilizing the potatoes and the cowpeas are carried out in a drip irrigation mode under a film; after land preparation and ridging are carried out in each season, the drip irrigation pipes are laid on the ridge surfaces, two drip irrigation pipes are laid on each ridge of the cowpea ridge, one drip irrigation pipe is laid on each ridge of the potato ridge, and then a mulching film is covered; the joint of each drip irrigation pipe and the main pipe is provided with a valve independently, so that the two crops can supply fertilizer and water scientifically according to respective growth laws.
3. The mode of one-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping in central plains according to claim 1, wherein: the reasonable close planting of the cowpeas determines the planting density according to the variety characteristics of the cowpeas, the row spacing of the spring cowpeas is 25-30cm, branches and leaves of the medium and late-maturing varieties or the cowpeas planted in summer and autumn are more vigorous, and the row spacing is 30-35 cm.
4. The mode of one-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping in central plains according to claim 1, wherein: the spring cowpea sowing method adopts a direct seeding mode and also can adopt a seedling transplanting mode, hole sowing or nutrition pot seedling is carried out from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, field planting is carried out from the middle ten days to the last ten days of 4 months, and 2-3 plants are field planted in each hole.
5. The mode of one-year two-season potato-cowpea intercropping in central plains according to claim 1, wherein: in autumn, 50-100g of small whole potatoes are adopted for sowing, so that high-temperature rotten potatoes are prevented; 10 days before sowing, soaking seeds in 10ppm gibberellin solution for 10 minutes, draining off residual liquid, spreading in a shade and ventilated place with the thickness of less than 20cm, covering with 1cm wet sand or wet straw mat for accelerating germination, removing the covering when the sprouts are 1-2cm long, and sowing in the field after the white sprouts turn green.
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2019
- 2019-11-25 CN CN201911166096.8A patent/CN110720370A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN105103872A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 邱文娟 | Film-mulched potato and kidney bean interplanting method |
| CN105594442A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-25 | 蒋加文 | High-ridge close-planting whole-film drop irrigation no-tillage cultivation method of potatoes |
| CN107711387A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-02-23 | 游文 | A kind of cowpea, potato interplanting method |
| CN108124711A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-08 | 盛立国 | Receive crops combination implantation methods five to two one seasons four |
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