CN104756846A - Soilless lightening and simplifying cultivating method for yam bulbil - Google Patents
Soilless lightening and simplifying cultivating method for yam bulbil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756846A CN104756846A CN201510214679.9A CN201510214679A CN104756846A CN 104756846 A CN104756846 A CN 104756846A CN 201510214679 A CN201510214679 A CN 201510214679A CN 104756846 A CN104756846 A CN 104756846A
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- chinese yam
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a soilless lightening and simplifying cultivating method for yam bulbil. The method comprises the steps of material selecting, cultivating groove preparing, seeding, field managing, nutrient and water managing and harvesting. The yam bulbil is planted in a cultivating groove containing with soilless culture substrates, water and nutrient managing is carried out according to different development stages of the yam bulbil, the yam bulbil can rapidly grow, the problems that the yam plating difficulty, the harvesting difficulty and the labor and investment are large are solved, and the restricts of the soil property, the soil microbe damage and the crop rotation are overcome. By utilizing the method, the fresh weight of produced underground tubers ranges from 150 g to 205 g. The produced yams are good in quality, and can be used as potato seeds to be planted in the next year. Fifteen thousand to twenty thousand plants of the yam bulbil are planted in an area of 667 m <2> appropriately, and 30-40 workers needed in the traditional method of harvesting and digging potato seeds are reduced to 4-5 workers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of proportion of crop planting technology, be specifically related to made from Chinese yam bulbil without the light simplified cultivation method of soil.
Background technology
Chinese yam is Dioscoreaceae yam, and the block root of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) and dried root both edibles, can be used as medicine again.Current Chinese yam many employings nutrition organs carries out vegetative propagation, mainly contains that bulbil is bred, young plant is bred and bred with segment.Peasant habit Chinese yam young plant is bred, but young plant use continuously, easily there is the problems such as kind of a sexual involution, damage by disease and insect are serious, Chinese yam rough surface, quality variation.At this moment bulbil can be adopted to carry out rejuvenating to Chinese yam.Plant the Chinese yam of 1 year results as potato seed by bulbil, within the 2nd year, as the plantation of Chinese yam young plant, can effectively improve Chinese yam output, oil recovery enhancement.The advantage that this method is bred to save a large amount of stem tuber, and Chinese yam young plant quality is good, and to improving, the Chinese yam kind sexual involution that the continuous cropping of Chinese yam young plant causes is significant.
Bulbil traditional cultivation method is in soil, dig wide 25cm, the ditch of dark 50-60cm, and the soil dug out, through winter, freeze thawing in spring, before sowing, the soil dug out is inserted in ditch, and layering is treaded, and then sows, and is dug out by Chinese yam during results with spade.This method is time-consuming, and labour intensity is large, and yield poorly, damage by disease and insect is heavier, is difficult to guarantee to obtain high-quality potato seed.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of made from Chinese yam bulbil without native light and simple cultivation technique, this technology comprises in cultivating groove made from Chinese yam bulbil be colonizated in containing soilless culture substrate, water and fertilizer management is carried out according to made from Chinese yam bulbil different developmental phases, bulbil is grown fast, thus obtains the light and simple cultivation technique of high-quality Chinese yam potato seed.The problems such as this technology overcomes yam planting difficulty, difficulty of gathering, recruitment input are many, and be subject to the restriction of the conditions such as soil property, edaphon harm, crop rotation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
Made from Chinese yam bulbil, without the light simplified cultivation method of soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) material
Select individual comparatively large, particle shape is full, epidermis without damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, without the made from Chinese yam bulbil of damage by disease and insect as sowing material.
Described Chinese yam preferred Lichuan Chinese yam.
(2) making of cultivating groove
At ground surface grooving, be laid on surrounding and the bottom of groove, leave space between cement plate, make rectangle cultivating groove with cement plate, the specification of cultivating groove is long 20-25m, wide 0.50-0.55m, high 0.40-0.45m.
Cultivation matrix is filled up in cultivating groove; Before sowing, 1d waters vola water to saturated, and water content is 60-70%.
The specification of described cement plate is long 40-45cm, wide 40-45cm, high 2-4cm;
Described matrix is the seedling medium purchased from Qing bio tech ltd, Wuhan, or is that 6:4 proportioning obtains by maize straw and slag according to weight portion.
(3) sow
Before Chinese yam field planting, use sufficient base fertilizer.45-50kg/667m
2nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N ︰ P ︰ K=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1, (mass ratio)) and 1400-1500kg/667m
2animal wastes fertilizer.Bulbil is seeded in matrix, after broadcasting, covers matrix, gently step on, broadcast rear covering film.
Described animal wastes fertilizer can use 300-600kg/667m
2dregs of beans fertilizer substitutes.
Preferably, during sowing, broadcast 2 row bulbils in the cultivation matrix of cultivating groove, line-spacing 45cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, covers matrix 3cm after broadcasting, and gently steps on, and broadcasts rear covering film.
Preferably, water and adopt under-film drip irrigation mode, cultivating groove is full of matrix, after planting, and laying diameter 2-3cm it on, plastic drip irrigation belt every a 20-30cm weeper, then overlay film.
(4) field management
Just can taking advantage of a situation when Chinese yam stem grows to 20-30cm, it is climing added to draw, and fasten at basal part of stem with nylon rope lower end, the upper end of rope is wound around one section, use as when falling climing later, then tie up on lifting rope support, guide on lifting rope by climing for Chinese yam simultaneously, prevent the climing mutual winding impact growth of stem.
Vegetative period, a small amount of weeds should directly be pulled out, and prevented with the underground stem tuber injuring root system in instrument weeding process and grown up to.
(5) rich water quality management
After field planting, stem height 20-30cm waters permeable.Wet can see that dry standard is watered according to making matrix see later.In the Chinese yam peak of growing season 7-8 month, when water requirement increases, take the circumstances into consideration to strengthen irrigation amount, keep matrix moistening, water content is 40-50%.Gather and stop the last week watering, reduce the water content in matrix and Chinese yam stem tuber, to gather.
(6) gather
Acrial part bulbil started to come off in mid-October, should collect in advance.To gather at the beginning of 11 months Chinese yam, from one end of cultivating groove, shovel bottom cultivating groove, hold the middle and upper part of stem tuber, carefully propose Chinese yam stem tuber.
The present invention, compared with general planting technology, has the following advantages and effect:
The underground stem tuber fresh weight produced for sowing material with bulbil is distributed in 150-205g more, and the little Chinese yam quality of producing is better, all can be used as potato seed and sows for the coming year.With bulbil plantation 1.5-2 ten thousand strains/667m
2comparatively suitable, receive and dig potato seed from traditional 30-40 work, reduce to 4-5 work.
Embodiment
The reagent that the embodiment of the present invention uses, if not otherwise specified, commercially available all can realize the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Made from Chinese yam bulbil, without the light simplified cultivation method of soil, comprises the following steps:
The present embodiment experiment place is in Crop Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences's Vegetable Base.
(1) choose seeds
Select individual comparatively large, particle shape is full, epidermis without damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, without the Lichuan made from Chinese yam bulbil of damage by disease and insect as sowing material.
(2) making of cultivating groove
At ground surface grooving, be laid on surrounding and the bottom of groove, leave space between cement plate, make rectangle cultivating groove with cement plate, the specification of cultivating groove is long 25m, wide 0.50m, high 0.45m;
Cultivation matrix is filled up in cultivating groove; Described matrix is the seedling medium purchased from Qing bio tech ltd, Wuhan.
Water and adopt under-film drip irrigation mode, after cultivating groove is full of matrix, after planting, laying diameter 3cm it on, plastic drip irrigation belt every a 20-30cm weeper, then covering with plastic film.
The specification of described cement plate is long 45cm, wide 45cm, high 4cm;
Within 1 day, water prior to seeding to culture matrix water content and reach 60-70%.
(3) sow
Before field planting, apply fertilizer to the subsoil.Each cultivating groove executes 1kg Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (n-p-k three elements mass ratio is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1) and 30kg animal wastes fertilizer before planting.
Broadcast 2 row bulbils in the cultivation matrix of cultivating groove, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 45cm, covers matrix after broadcasting, and thickness is 3cm, gently steps on, paving irrigate band, covering film.
Described fertilizer is purchased from Tian Fa fertilizer Co., Ltd of Wuhan City
(4) field management
Chinese yam stem is overgrow, and not only long but also very thin fragile frangibility, should draw climing early after stripping of emerging.Just can taking advantage of a situation when Chinese yam stem grows to 20-30cm, it is climing added to draw, and fasten at basal part of stem with 3mm nylon rope rope lower end, the upper end of rope is wound around one section, then ties up on lifting rope fixed support, guides on lifting rope by climing for Chinese yam simultaneously, prevents the climing mutual winding impact growth of stem.Vegetative period, a small amount of weeds were directly pulled out immediately, prevented with the underground stem tuber injuring root system in instrument weeding process and grown up to.
(5) rich water quality management
45-50d after field planting, seedling all sprouts substantially, and stem height 20-30cm irrigates a water, wet can see that dry standard is watered according to making matrix see later.When the Chinese yam peak of growing season 7-8 month, water requirement increases, and takes the circumstances into consideration to strengthen irrigation amount, makes the water content of matrix remain on 40-50%.Gather and stop the last week watering, reduce the water content in matrix and Chinese yam stem tuber, to gather.
(5) gather
Gather and stop the last week watering, reduce the water content in matrix and Chinese yam stem tuber, to gather.Acrial part bulbil starts to come off about mid-October, collects in advance.To gather at the beginning of 11 months Chinese yam, from one end of cultivating groove, shovel bottom cultivating groove, hold the middle and upper part of stem tuber, carefully propose Chinese yam stem tuber.Mean fresh 171.5g, without damage by disease and insect, all can be used as potato seed and sows for the coming year.Bulbil planting density is 20,000 strains/667m
2, receive and dig potato seed recruitment 4.
Embodiment 2:
Made from Chinese yam bulbil, without the light simplified cultivation method of soil, comprises the following steps:
The present embodiment experiment place is Lichuan Huichuan Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd.'s yam planting base.
(1) choose seeds
Select individual comparatively large, particle shape is full, epidermis without damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, without the Lichuan made from Chinese yam bulbil of damage by disease and insect as sowing material.
(2) making of cultivating groove
At ground surface grooving, be laid on surrounding and the bottom of groove, leave space between cement plate, make rectangle cultivating groove with cement plate, the specification of cultivating groove is long 25m, wide 50cm, and high 45cm, fills up cultivation matrix in cultivating groove; Described matrix is 6 parts of Yu rice Jie Gan ︰, 4 parts of slags (weight portion).
Water and adopt under-film drip irrigation mode, after cultivating groove is full of matrix, after planting, laying diameter 3cm it on, plastic drip irrigation belt every a 20-30cm weeper, covering with plastic film.
The specification of described cement plate is long 45cm, wide 45cm, high 4cm;
Within 1 day, water prior to seeding to culture matrix water content and reach 60-70%.
(3) sow
Before field planting, apply fertilizer to the subsoil.Each cultivating groove executes 1kg Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (n-p-k three elements mass ratio is 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1) and 10kg dregs of beans fertilizer-Chinese yam special fertilizer (Shandong Lv Heng biotechnology Co., Ltd) before planting
Broadcast 2 row bulbils in the cultivation matrix of cultivating groove, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 45cm, covers matrix after broadcasting, and thickness is 3cm, gently steps on, paving irrigate band, covering film.
(4) field management
Chinese yam stem is overgrow, and not only long but also very thin fragile frangibility, should draw climing early after stripping of emerging.Just can taking advantage of a situation when Chinese yam stem grows to 20-30cm, it is climing added to draw, and fasten at basal part of stem with 3mm nylon rope rope lower end, the upper end of rope is wound around one section, then ties up on lifting rope fixed support, guides on lifting rope by climing for Chinese yam simultaneously, prevents the climing mutual winding impact growth of stem.Vegetative period, a small amount of weeds were directly pulled out immediately, prevented with the underground stem tuber injuring root system in instrument weeding process and grown up to.
(5) rich water quality management
45-50d after field planting, seedling all sprouts substantially, and stem height 20-30cm irrigates a water, wet can see that dry standard is watered according to making matrix see later.When the Chinese yam peak of growing season 7-8 month, water requirement increases, and takes the circumstances into consideration to strengthen irrigation amount, makes the water content of matrix remain on 40-50%.Gather and stop the last week watering, reduce the water content in matrix and Chinese yam stem tuber, to gather.
(5) gather
Gather and stop the last week watering, reduce the water content in matrix and Chinese yam stem tuber, to gather.Acrial part bulbil starts to come off about mid-October, collects in advance.To gather at the beginning of 11 months Chinese yam, from one end of cultivating groove, shovel bottom cultivating groove, hold the middle and upper part of stem tuber, carefully propose Chinese yam stem tuber.Mean fresh 192.5g, without damage by disease and insect, all can be used as potato seed and sows for the coming year.Bulbil planting density is 20,000 strains/667m
2, receive and dig potato seed recruitment 4.
(6) overall analysis of economic benefits
Rectangle cultivating groove matrix cost 5000 yuan // 667m
2, labour cost 10 * 100 yuan /=1000 yuan, 1 strain Chinese yam 1 yuan * 2 ten thousand/667m
2=2 ten thousand yuan/667m
2, 667m
2benefit reaches 1.4 ten thousand yuan; And common plantation labour cost 35 * 100 yuan /=3500 yuan, 1 strain Chinese yam 1 yuan * 1 ten thousand/667m
2=1 ten thousand yuan/667m
2, 667m
2benefit reaches 6500 yuan.Soilless culture is than common cultivation high efficiency 7500 yuan/667m
2.
Claims (5)
1. made from Chinese yam bulbil is without the light simplified cultivation method of soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) material
Select individual comparatively large, particle shape is full, epidermis without damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, without the made from Chinese yam bulbil of damage by disease and insect as sowing material;
(2) making of cultivating groove
At ground surface grooving, be laid on surrounding and the bottom of groove, leave space between cement plate, make rectangle cultivating groove with cement plate, the specification of cultivating groove is long 20-25m, wide 0.50-0.55m, high 0.40-0.45m;
Cultivation matrix is filled up in cultivating groove; Before sowing, 1d waters vola water to saturated, and water content is 60-70%;
(3) sow
Before Chinese yam field planting, use sufficient base fertilizer; 45-50kg/667m
2nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and 1400-1500kg/667m
2fertilizer;
Bulbil is seeded in matrix, after broadcasting, covers matrix, gently step on, broadcast rear covering film;
(4) field management
Just can taking advantage of a situation when Chinese yam stem grows to 20-30cm, it is climing added to draw, and fasten at basal part of stem with nylon rope lower end, the upper end of rope is wound around one section, use as when falling climing later, then tie up on lifting rope support, guide on lifting rope by climing for Chinese yam simultaneously, prevent the climing mutual winding impact growth of stem;
Vegetative period, a small amount of weeds were directly pulled out, and prevented with the underground stem tuber injuring root system in instrument weeding process and grown up to;
(5) rich water quality management
After field planting, stem height 20-30cm waters permeable; Wet can see that dry standard is watered according to making matrix see later; In the Chinese yam peak of growing season 7-8 month, when water requirement increases, take the circumstances into consideration to strengthen irrigation amount, keep matrix moistening, water content is 40-50%; Gather and stop the last week watering, reduce the water content in matrix and Chinese yam stem tuber, to gather;
(6) gather
Acrial part bulbil started to come off in 10 middle of the month, should collect in advance; To gather at the beginning of 11 months Chinese yam, from one end of cultivating groove, shovel bottom cultivating groove, hold the middle and upper part of stem tuber, carefully propose Chinese yam stem tuber.
2. method according to claim 1, described Chinese yam is Lichuan Chinese yam.
3. method according to claim 1, described matrix is the seedling medium purchased from Qing bio tech ltd, Wuhan, or is that 6:4 proportioning obtains by maize straw and slag according to weight portion.
4. method according to claim 1, described fertilizer 300-600 kg/667m
2dregs of beans fertilizer substitutes.
5. method according to claim 1, water and adopt under-film drip irrigation mode, cultivating groove is full of matrix, after planting, laying diameter 2-3cm it on, plastic drip irrigation belt every a 20-30cm weeper, then overlay film.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106613170A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method of Chinese yams |
CN107624320A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 宁夏佳禾恒农业开发有限公司 | The double ditch dense planting water-fertilizer integral implantation methods of Chinese yam |
CN109169102A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 李喜娥 | A method of utilizing bulbil numerous Chinese yam potato seed fastly |
CN110024646A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-19 | 范建军 | A kind of yam planting method of the no pesticide without chemical fertilizer |
CN110495326A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-26 | 湖北民族大学 | A kind of application method for made from Chinese yam bulbil seeding and seedling raising device |
CN111011137A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-17 | 长江大学 | Chinese yam complementary part inclined plane seedling raising method |
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CN103477841A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-01 | 徐州市农业科学院 | Three-segment healthy purple micro yam breeding method |
CN104221830A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2014-12-24 | 李宏江 | Soilless planting method of Chinese yam and planting net membrane groove, circle and grid device of Chinese yam |
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CN102550164A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-11 | 云南农业大学 | Method of temperature-variable germination acceleration for Dioscorea opposita bulbil |
CN104221830A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2014-12-24 | 李宏江 | Soilless planting method of Chinese yam and planting net membrane groove, circle and grid device of Chinese yam |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106613170A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method of Chinese yams |
CN107624320A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 宁夏佳禾恒农业开发有限公司 | The double ditch dense planting water-fertilizer integral implantation methods of Chinese yam |
CN109169102A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 李喜娥 | A method of utilizing bulbil numerous Chinese yam potato seed fastly |
CN110024646A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-19 | 范建军 | A kind of yam planting method of the no pesticide without chemical fertilizer |
CN110495326A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-26 | 湖北民族大学 | A kind of application method for made from Chinese yam bulbil seeding and seedling raising device |
CN111011137A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-17 | 长江大学 | Chinese yam complementary part inclined plane seedling raising method |
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Application publication date: 20150708 |