CN107047155A - Make the method for improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning - Google Patents

Make the method for improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107047155A
CN107047155A CN201710471171.6A CN201710471171A CN107047155A CN 107047155 A CN107047155 A CN 107047155A CN 201710471171 A CN201710471171 A CN 201710471171A CN 107047155 A CN107047155 A CN 107047155A
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soil
beneficial
orchard
covering
continuous cropping
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CN107047155B (en
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沈向
李秀丽
王荣
王增辉
王文莉
魏绍冲
陈学森
毛志泉
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Shandong Agricultural University
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0206Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants

Abstract

It is the seed that beneficial interrow crop is sowed in the direction for planting row along apple tree seed on the orchard vacant lot of plantation apple tree after seedling the present invention relates to making to improve the method for continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of positioning of limited covering;Sow after beneficial interrow crop seed, the weeds in thorough cleaning orchard, and sowed the earth's surface tiling covering black sunshade net of beneficial interrow crop;Be conducive to keeping the moisture in soil after present invention covering sunshade net, be conducive to sapling and interrow crop to survive and emerge and grow;The present invention is that one kind both considers Orchard mulch, it can guarantee that same period is made again, the technology of field irrigation and management is also helped simultaneously, method by making between limited covering, positioning, the contradiction of each side is balanced, and it is simple to operate, it is easy to promote, it is rational to meet the soil moisture demand that continuous cropping soil reparation and new cultivation treelet survive, make full use of beneficial interculture to improve continuous cropping soil.

Description

Make the method for improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for making improvement continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of positioning of limited covering, changed according to weather and soil Good feature, improved soil and rationally between make organically to combine that there is provided a kind of side of new improvement continuous cropping orchard soil Method, belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, fruits industry is developed rapidly, and is updated and is accelerated, and old orchard constantly removes renewal, but almost each ground The fruit tree in area all suffers from the threat of continuous cropping disease, and causes very big economic loss to orchard worker.Fruit tree continuous cropping disease, is also known as replanted Disease, continuous cropping obstacle, refer in same piece of land, and same fruit trees are planted in repetition, and then stubble fruit tree growth is suppressed and causes fruit Yield poorly, inferior phenomenon.How to solve continuous cropping disease and have become the task of top priority (Yan Shuxia, 2015).
Continuous cropping disease is not to be caused by single factors, but the coefficient result of many factors (Hu Yanli, 2016), there are some researches show, in the middle of fruit tree continuous cropping field make can be effectively improved orchard continuous cropping soil Physiology and biochemistry property and Fruit tree biology character, improves microbial diversity (Wang Yanfang, 2015).But China fruit tree producing region spring drought is serious, wind speed compared with Greatly, fruit tree be substantially spring plantation, for improve survival rate must use mulch film, cloth carry out covered ground, but mulch film, After cloth covering, make to carry out with period.If being not added with covering, reluctantly between make, soil dehydration is serious, no matter nursery stock or between work Crop survival rate is relatively low.Simultaneously because interculture growth is unordered, staggeredly in length and breadth, stop current, and seriously hinder filling of watering Irrigate.Therefore it is badly in need of invention one kind and both considers Orchard mulch, can guarantee that same period is made again, while also helping field irrigation and management Technology, make full use of beneficial interculture to improve continuous cropping soil.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides make to improve the side of continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of positioning of limited covering Method, is that one kind both considers Orchard mulch, can guarantee that same period is made again, while also helping the technology of field irrigation and management, lead to The method made between limited covering, positioning is crossed, the contradiction of each side is balanced, and it is simple to operate, it is easy to promote, reasonably meet The soil moisture demand that continuous cropping soil reparation and new cultivation treelet survive, makes full use of beneficial interculture to improve continuous cropping soil.
Make to improve the method for continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning, be after the renewal of continuous cropping orchard early stage, to put down On the basis of whole soil specification field planting apple sapling, beneficial work, limited covering are carried out;Comprise the following steps that:
1) beneficial work:The direction sowing for planting row along apple tree seed on the orchard vacant lot of plantation apple tree after seedling has The seed of beneficial interrow crop;The beneficial interrow crop be beneficial to transform continuous cropping soil crop, such as wheat, rape, leaf mustard, clover, Vetch, capsicum, green onion or fennel etc.;The seed of beneficial interrow crop is pressed into its conventional seed planting amount after planting, is covered, hugged with topsoil Flat furrow face, is treaded.
2) limited covering:Sow after beneficial interrow crop seed, the weeds in thorough cleaning orchard, and in beneficial of sowing The earth's surface tiling covering black sunshade net of crop, the shading rate of sunshade net be after 40-60%, and Shading net covering completely snugly Face.Shading net covering area is determined according to the sowing situation of beneficial interrow crop;If making beneficial between the whole of full orchard vacant lot Crop, then all ground all should cover sunshade net in orchard.Tile sunshade net after, sunshade net surrounding is pushed down with soil make its with Ground is more fitted, and preferably reaches the moistening effect to soil;
3) make between positioning:After Shading net covering immediately to orchard carry out first time irrigation, backsight antecedent soil moisture speed and Natural precipitation situation is irrigated, and ground moistening is kept in latter month in sapling field planting, be conducive to sapling survive with it is beneficial Between make the sprouting of seed.And clear up the weeds in orchard in time and make between growing in a jumble, ensure that beneficial interrow crop penetrates sunshade Net is grown, and beneficial interrow crop is embarked on journey growth, remains along that apple tree seed plants the direction of row or water pours irrigation flowing side substantially To distribution, work between positioning is realized, does not stop current.Quick-acting composite fertilizers are spread fertilizer over the fields on beneficial interrow crop ground after two months of emerging, and make tree Seedling and timely nutrient supplement is all obtained, put forward seedling growth promoting.The luxuriant beneficial interrow crop of growth is to improvement continuous cropping soil effect More preferably.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, be conducive to keeping the moisture in soil after present invention covering sunshade net, be conducive to sapling and interrow crop to survive Emerge and grow, so as to balance the contradiction of each side.
2nd, make interrow crop located growth using sunshade net grid, embark on journey into ridge, orderliness is straight, is provided just for soil irrigation Profit.
3rd, beneficial interrow crop can improve the soil environment in continuous cropping orchard, and then be conducive to repairing for continuous cropping soil environment It is multiple.
Brief description of the drawings
The change of soil water content under Fig. 1 difference Shading net coverings
Abscissa is minute (moon day), and ordinate is relative water content;
For in terms of the soil water content in continuous cropping orchard, compared with not covering sunshade net, three of covering sunshade net Handle soil moisture content of a relatively high, and control group differs larger with the soil water content of experimental group, especially in soil When earth temperature is higher, this contrast becomes apparent.Simultaneously under tri- kinds of model Shading net coverings of 3*2*100,3*4*50,3*8*50 Soil Water Content is raised (abscissa is the date, and ordinate is water content relative value) successively.
The photo that Fig. 2 is in the ranks emerged after shallot overlay film;
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that being not covered with the shallot of same period sowing, tree disk, do not emerge, in the ranks cover film is emerged whole Together.Illustrate to sow the seed in spring and be not covered with being unfavorable for beneficial growing.
Emerged at the non-overlay films of Fig. 3 photo;
There is Fig. 3 to find out, close-ups, emergence rate is extremely low on arid soil, except weeds only have fragmentary shallot to be unearthed.
Make experiment garden photo between the limited covering positioning of Tu4Quan gardens;
Emerged after Fig. 5 limited covering positioning plantings photo
It can be seen from Fig. 5 that after planting Phase ofsprouting is high, specification row is formed to not stopping irrigation advance.
Embodiment
In order that content of the present invention easily facilitates understanding, with reference to embodiment to of the present invention Technical scheme is described further, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1
1) selection of land:The selection of experiment garden is the orchard continuous cropping soil that stubble before soil is 10 years raw Mmalus prunifolias, and the soil texture is soil The fertile and good inclined clay loam of draining, orchard environment ventilation printing opacity is good.
2) site preparation:Cherry-apple tree cleaning on preceding stubble soil is pulled out, the method by ploughing, ploughing, harrowing is removed remaining in soil Malus spectabilis root system and weeds etc., make loosing soil, thin, smooth.Need to dig planting pit, in continuous cropping orchard, with 1 meter for spacing in the rows, 2 meters of digging planting pits of line-spacing, cave depth 30-40cm, a diameter of 40-60cm of planting pit.
3) hupehensis Rehd seedling cultivation:In spring (at the beginning of 4 months), 50 gram of 80% carbendazim sterilization is sprinkled in each planting pit, Robust growth is chosen, tree-like to rectify, essentially identical 2 years raw hupehensis Rehd seedling of well developed root system and growing way, with 1m*2m strain Line-spacing orchard establishing, often 16 seedling of row, plant 8 rows altogether, and topsoil is covered after seedling is put into planting pit.
4) beneficial intercropping plant:After leveling earth, on the continuous cropping orchard vacant lot after having planted hupehensis Rehd seedling, Quan Yuan Plantation shallot is generally broadcasted sowing, the thickness of sowing of spring sowing is in the per hectare ratio for planting 15-22.5 kilograms, and seed after planting, uses table Layer soil covering shallow ridges, hugs flat furrow face, treads.
5) Shading net covering:Hupehensis Rehd seedling and onion seeds in continuous cropping orchard after planting, in thorough cleaning orchard Weeds, and by earth's surface arrange it is smooth after covering sunshade net, do four parallel processing, two repetitions, i.e., every two are done in each processing Row hupehensis Rehd seedling covers a kind of sunshade net of specification, and the specification of sunshade net is respectively 3*2*100,3*4*50,3*8*50, right Sunshade net is not covered according to group.Sturdy ground is wanted in the covering of sunshade net, on the ground tile after, at the handing-over, tooled joint in sunshade net and Two, and each tree seedling base portion all push down sunshade net with a small amount of soil and it is more fitted with ground, so as to preferably reach To the moistening effect of soil.
6) management in continuous cropping orchard:Weeds are cleaned out before Shading net covering, orchard entered after Shading net covering Row is irrigated for the first time, was once irrigated every 15 days afterwards, continuous three times, to keep ground moistening, and clears up orchard in time In weeds.Along the gauge mesh lattice distribution of the braiding longitude and latitude formation of sunshade net, it is allowed to embark on journey into ridge, it is straight along apple sapling The distribution of irrigation flow direction is poured in the direction or water for planting row, is made between realization positioning, is not stopped current.
7) implementation result
The light transmittance of the sunshade net of table 1
The speed of emergence of the onion seeds of table 2
The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of the hupehensis Rehd seedling leaves of table 3
Influence of 7.1 limited coverings to continuous cropping orchard soil
The sunshade reticular density of different size is different, passes through the netting twine and different suture needle methods from different thicknesses The sunshade net of different aperture is formed, so that different light transmittances are realized, because the difference between different size sunshade net is smaller, thus This is not that naked eyes can judge, by the measure of hand-held shading instrument, so that it is determined that the light transmittance of different size sunshade net, chooses The sunshade net of different light transmittances is tested, so as to be contrasted with control group.Test result indicates that, 3*8*50 sunshade net covers Effect is best after lid.
Orchard is carried out by sunshade net to find after limited covering, the temperature and moisture of continuous cropping orchard soil all occur Corresponding change.There are close ties between the soil moisture and soil moisture, and influence each other, there is certain phase therebetween Guan Xing.First, the moisture in soil can influence the soil moisture, and the height of soil moisture content influences Soil Microorganism Metabolism degree, Soil Microorganism metabolism it is vigorous, microorganism can influence the temperature of soil because of respiration heat production, these heat. In addition, the soil moisture can also influence the moisture in soil, the soil moisture more high moisture content will be lower, in limited covering Under the conditions of, this influence is become apparent, and substantial amounts of moisture can be evaporated in air by the hole of sunshade net when temperature is high, from And reduce the moisture in soil.
Illustrated by above experimental result, under conditions of limited covering sunshade net, can effectively be dropped in higher air temperature The low soil moisture, while having certain Water-saving effect.The lower i.e. coverage rate of light transmittance of sunshade net is higher, and the soil moisture is got over It is low, while the water content in soil is higher.Compared with all standings such as traditional covering with ground sheeting, limited covering does not significantly improve ground Temperature, but exchanging between soil and external environment is strengthened, strengthen latent heat exchange.Suitably soil is reduced after covering sunshade net Temperature, is conducive to the preservation of soil moisture, and this is efficiently solved under geological conditions of the vernal aspect to arid, due to arid Make the contradiction of plant survival between can not ensureing.
Influence of 7.2 limited coverings to plant in continuous cropping orchard
7.2.1 influence of the limited covering to continuous cropping orchard green onion
Requirement of the green onion growth of seedling animated period to moisture is more, should keep higher soil moisture.Realized by sunshade net Holding in arid area to soil moisture, 3*2*100,3*4*50,3*8,*50 tri- kinds of sunshade nets to the shading rate of soil according to Secondary rise, effectively reduces moisture loss, while sunshade can not be covered than the same time by finding the sunshade net of covering different size The soil water content of net improves 5%-10%, and wherein 3*8*50 sunshade net effect is best, in this sunshade nets of 3*8*50 Under covering, sunshade net is high by 10% or so than not covering for soil moisture content highest, serves certain water retention, meets green onion Requirement of the growth of seedling vigorous period to higher soil moisture, so as to promote absorption of the shallow root green onion to moisture, is conducive to green onion Seed is unearthed from cotyledon is seeded into.In this experiment, due to preferably maintaining soil moisture after covering sunshade net, grow it Maintain under appropriate conditions, thus compared to uncovered soil, the emergence rate of green onion seedling is higher, speed of emergence is relatively fast.
Soil is high compared to unlapped soil water content after limited covering, and this also causes growth and development of plants necessary Soluble nutritive element content is improved, and ground temperature now is relatively convenient, and abundance is provided for the sprouting of onion seeds Onion seeds are emerged relatively neatly after moisture and environmental condition, thus limited covering sunshade net, and the soil ratio of covering sunshade net It is higher that green onion seedling growth in the soil of sunshade net is not covered.
Make and cover to carry out simultaneously between realizing in experimentation, adapted to northern area punja requirement, effectively changed Be apt to plant during green onion improves continuous cropping orchard soil and can not meet the requirement of moisture supply, but find to need simultaneously in experiment by The growth that sunshade is close to otherwise can be simultaneously to weeds provides suitable condition, it is fought for nutrient with green onion, should be thorough before kind of green onion The weeds in orchard are removed, and in the engineering of net is covered, sunshade net is fitted completely ground as far as possible, otherwise the later stage can be caused clear The difficulty cut weeds.
7.2.2 influence of the limited covering to continuous cropping orchard hupehensis Rehd
Due to, containing a large amount of materials being harmful to new plantation hupehensis Rehd growth of seedling, giving birth to tree body in continuous cropping orchard soil Growing way dies down, pest and disease damage aggravates, and constrains effect of establishment.But soil water content is improved after sunshade net in limited covering, is had Sprouting beneficial to onion seeds and growing after emerging, shallot root system can secrete thio-compounds, and experiment shows sulphur It can be reacted for compound with the phenolic acid such as phloridzin in continuous cropping soil, this causes the soil of limited covering than unlapped soil Earth continuous cropping disease is effectively improved.Due to the correlation that plant growth aerial part and under ground portion grow, underground environment improves Afterwards so that plant shoots can absorb abundance moisture and nutriment for aerial growth development the need for, so as to increase The chlorophyll contents of seedling leaves, accelerates photosynthetic rate.The increment of control group without any processing is only 66.86cm, even if plant shallot is improved, because early stage is arid, soil regime is not good enough, increment only 68.70cm.And As long as carrying out limited covering, Soil Temperature And Moisture situation, increase shallot emergence rate and regularity, continuous cropping soil improved effect will be improved Significant increase, with significant difference (table 4).Therefore make that there is good result between limited covering, positioning.
The hupehensis Rehd seedling young sprout total increment of table 4

Claims (4)

1. make to improve the method for continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning, it is characterised in that be in continuous cropping orchard early stage soil After ground updates, on the basis of specification field planting apple sapling of leveling land, carry out beneficial and make and limited covering;Specific steps are such as Under:
1) beneficial work:Sow beneficial in the direction for planting row along apple tree seed on the orchard vacant lot of plantation apple tree after seedling The seed of crop;
2) limited covering:After the seed for sowing beneficial interrow crop, the weeds in thorough cleaning orchard, and sowing beneficial interrow crop Earth's surface tiling covering sunshade net, and Shading net covering after completely laminating ground;After tiling sunshade net, by sunshade net surrounding mud Soil pressure lives to make it more to be fitted with ground, reaches the moistening effect to soil;
3) make between positioning:After Shading net covering immediately to orchard carry out first time irrigation, backsight antecedent soil moisture speed and nature Precipitation event is irrigated, and ground moistening is kept in latter month in the field planting of apple sapling, be conducive to sapling survive with it is beneficial Between make the sprouting of seed;And clear up the weeds in orchard in time and make between growing in a jumble, ensure that beneficial interrow crop penetrates sunshade Net is grown, and beneficial interrow crop is embarked on journey growth, remains along that apple tree seed plants the direction of row or water pours irrigation flow direction point Cloth, realizes work between positioning, does not stop current;Quick-acting composite fertilizers are spread fertilizer over the fields on beneficial interrow crop ground after two months of emerging, make sapling and Interrow crop obtains nutrient supplement in time;The luxuriant beneficial interrow crop of growth is beneficial to promote improvement continuous cropping soil.
2. make to improve the method for continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that The beneficial interrow crop is wheat, rape, leaf mustard, clover, vetch, capsicum or fennel.
3. make to improve the method for continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that The sunshade net is black.
4. make to improve the method for continuous cropping orchard soil between a kind of limited covering positioning as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that The shading rate of the sunshade net is 40-60%.
CN201710471171.6A 2017-06-20 2017-06-20 Method for improving soil of continuous cropping orchard by limited coverage positioning intercropping Active CN107047155B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108293534A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-07-20 华南农业大学 A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy
CN110073932A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-02 遵义衡中中药材科技开发有限公司 One kind covering web, high efficiency planting technology method
CN114885731A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-12 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land

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CN103814743A (en) * 2014-03-10 2014-05-28 北京农学院 Method for improving soil nutrition of organic orchard
CN104705148A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-06-17 山东农业大学 Method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of apples by mixing cropping of fruits and dwarf shallow root crops

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108293534A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-07-20 华南农业大学 A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy
CN110073932A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-08-02 遵义衡中中药材科技开发有限公司 One kind covering web, high efficiency planting technology method
CN114885731A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-12 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 Vegetation recovery method for typhoon-damaged mangrove forest land

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