CN108293534A - A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy - Google Patents
A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108293534A CN108293534A CN201810048880.8A CN201810048880A CN108293534A CN 108293534 A CN108293534 A CN 108293534A CN 201810048880 A CN201810048880 A CN 201810048880A CN 108293534 A CN108293534 A CN 108293534A
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- black
- net
- absorb water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy, belongs to agricultural production and agriculture environmental protection field.This method can effectively control the growth of weeds in the highdensity black of covered ground not water absorbent net, save weeding cost of labor, and can be with permeable fertilizer.Compared with except meadow cloth, since black net does not absorb water, enough moisture germinating growths can not be drawn onto in online weed seed, Weed control effect more preferably, and it is non-degradable can be used continuously for many years, advantageously reduce cost.Compared with black plastic mulching, black net covering increases the infiltration of rainwater, increase soil moisture content, it need not be raised when on the one hand applying chemical fertilizer, also there is certain fertilizer conservation effect, on the other hand can also allow rainwater washed off soil, advantageously reduce topsoil heavy metal, to realize best comprehensive benefit, rehabilitation plant is planted particularly suitable for heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of novel control grass method, and this method, can be in the highdensity black of covered ground not water absorbent net
The effectively growth of control weeds saves weeding cost of labor, and can have elution to imitate heavy metal-polluted soil with permeable fertilizer
Fruit is also beneficial to retain water and nutrients, belongs to agricultural production and agriculture environmental protection field.
Background technology
Weeds type is various in agricultural production process, and adaptable, usually fights for liquid manure and space with target crop
With sunlight etc..While weed growth, will also become the vector of pest and disease damage sometimes directly or indirectly influences the production of crops
Amount and quality.In premodern agriculture production, the large-scale use of herbicide produces more and more Herbicide-resistant weeds；Chemical weed control
Its residual hazard also brings pollution and injury to environment and afterwards.The world today is with mankind's environmental protection and two packing spaces sex consciousness
It improves, especially in the today for vigorously advocating sustainable development, harm of the pesticide to farmland ecological environment and agricultural production has been drawn
Play the common concern of countries in the world.
It is a kind of currently popular physics control grass pattern that black plastic mulching, which controls weed growth, but black plastic mulching reduces rain
The infiltration of water is unfavorable for increasing soil moisture content and plant growth in arid area, and is unfavorable for the infiltration of fertilizer, and when fertilising needs
It raises black film or a crop is directly applied to root, increase cost of labor.In addition, also having except meadow cloth, since cloth can
With water suction, the weed seed on cloth is possible to be drawn onto enough moisture germinating growths.So finding a kind of can both control weeds
The nonabsorbent material of growth and the permeable fertilizer of energy is most important.
Invention content
In order to overcome the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, it permeable fertile can not be inhaled the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
The black careless method of net covering control of water.
Present invention aim to address the problem that existing black plastic mulching is difficult to permeable fertilizer, find it is a kind of can both control it is miscellaneous
The material of grass growth and the permeable fertilizer of energy.Early period, we tested by the control grass of the black net of differing needles number thus, found higher density
The black net of plastic optical fibre can reach the target.Black net covering inhibits weed growth by controlling illumination；Black mesh gap is conducive to
Rainwater penetrates into, and can increase soil moisture, and rainwater can effective washed off soil heavy metal, reduce heavy metal-polluted soil concentration；By
In facilitating rainwater to penetrate into, the fertilizer for being applied to black net surface enters soil by rainwater elution, and water conservation, fertilizer conservation can also be played
Preferable effect.And material itself does not absorb water, and weed seed can not be in online germinating growth.Compared to existing chemicals control
Grass, it is environmental-friendly pollution-free.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution：
A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy, includes the following steps：
(1) a kind of higher black net that do not absorb water of density is chosen, black net is cut into suitable size；
(2) ground weeds are removed, are leveled land, chesson, and by the requirement ridging of the crop to be planted；Then,
Entire ridge face is covered with the black net that do not absorb water, and borehole is carried out in suitable position mold or scissors, the long-term cropping in hole, then
Watering, fertilizing and field management routinely are carried out to crop.To reach the careless purpose of control, simplify the weeding during plant growth
Management.
Preferably, the black net that do not absorb water is the black net of plastic optical fibre；Used black net, itself does not absorb water, online face
Weed seed be difficult to germinating growth.
Preferably, the black net that do not absorb water is 7~10 needle sunshade net of black；More preferably 8 needle sunshade net of black；It can
Most sunlight are covered, face weeds off the net is made to be difficult to normal growth.
Preferably, used black net can penetrate most rainwater, and black net need not be raised in application chemical fertilizer,
And on having the soil of heavy metal pollution, rainwater can be allowed to elute and reduce topsoil heavy metal.
The mechanism of the present invention：Black net covering controls illumination to inhibit the rudiment and growth of weed seed, reaches control
The effect of weeds processed, and black net also has certain heat insulation effect, can effectively reach volume increase purpose.Black net has certain hole, can
To allow precipitation to flow into, and South China's rainfall slant acidity, this kind of rainwater can be with the heavy metals in activating soil, storm seepage meeting again
The heavy metal after activation is taken away, to reduce heavy metal-polluted soil concentration；Black network control grass processing is covered compared with covering black film to increase
Hole is conducive to the infiltration of rainwater, is applied to black net and the fertilizer on black film by rainwater with dissolving a part of infiltration test
Under, and another part then forms rainwash and pollutes, and black net is dirty due to being conducive to the infiltration of water so run-off is less
Contaminate also smaller.It can both reach Weed control effect by the covering of black net, increase crop yield, reduce heavy metal-polluted soil concentration；
There is fertilizer conservation effect again, reduce fertilizer with earth's surface runoff pollution water body.
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art：
A, compared with black plastic mulching, black net covering increases the infiltration of rainwater, increases soil moisture content, on the one hand applies chemical fertilizer
When need not raise, also have certain fertilizer conservation effect, on the other hand can also allow rainwater washed off soil, reduce Heavy Metals in Soil Contaminated
Concentration advantageously reduces topsoil heavy metal, to realize best comprehensive benefit, particularly suitable for heavy-metal contaminated soil kind
Plant rehabilitation plant.
B, compared with except meadow cloth, since black net does not absorb water, enough moisture germinations can not be drawn onto in online weed seed
Growth, Weed control effect more preferably, and it is non-degradable can be used continuously for many years, advantageously reduce cost.
C, compared with no covering (artificial weeding), black net covering can heat volume increase in winter, and easy to operate, save artificial
Cost, black net can reuse, better economy, and it is environmentally protective to meet mainstream of society values-instantly, except have control it is miscellaneous
Grass growth is outer, also other the effect of.
D, compared with application herbicide control grass, black net covering reduces the use of pesticide, more environmentally-friendly.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that accumulation drenches Cd amounts in embodiment 3.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Black net used in embodiment is 8 needle sunshade net of black.
Embodiment 1：Contaminated soil plants super enriching plant Sedum alfredii Hance
This experiment addressing is compared the careless technology black film of popular control instantly and is covered on Agricultural University Of South China's farm contaminated land
Lid, this new careless black net of technology of addition control cover and without covering blank control, plant Sedum alfredii Hance.
(1) time on-test is on November 7th, 2016, is evenly dividing after the completion of prepartion of land as 14 1 × 1 ㎡'s
Square plot.Hybrid giant napier of learning from else's experience do desiccation after sludge hammer breaks into pieces, then mixing uniformly pave every piece experimental field on, apply
14 pieces of ground are carried out random distribution (2 pieces of ground are spare) after being mixed thoroughly with soil, are then determining land treatment systems by dosage 3kg/ ㎡
Random equivalent principle is pressed afterwards, and a sample (0~20cm of depth selection, 3 amalgamation samples) is taken in each cell with thick bamboo tube, as
Test initial soil sample.After the completion of sampling, corresponding soil treatment is carried out, then carrying out borehole cuttage with mold plants the southeast
Red-spotted stonecrop, planting density are 5 × 5 plants.
(2) after on-test until in March, 2017 is due to the relatively low weed growth of temperature wouldn't slowly count weed biomass,
Every month counts a weed biomass after April, and it is respectively on April 7th, 2017, May 7 and June 7 three times to amount to.
Calculate weed-controlling rates：Weed-controlling rates (%)=(space management weed biomass mean value-control grass measure weed biomass is equal
Value)/space management weed biomass mean value × 100%.
While on June 7th, (3) 2017, last time collected weed biomass, Sedum alfredii Hance biomass is collected, and take one
Quantitative Sedum alfredii Hance measures index of correlation as plant sample.
1 experimental plot physiochemical properties of soil of table
Table 2：Weeds and Sedum alfredii Hance biomass (kg/ ㎡) between process phase
Note：Two kinds of processing comparison space managements of black net and covering black film are covered, two kinds of Duncan methods pair handle weeds three times
After biomass and Sedum alfredii Hance biomass are analyzed, the equal ＜ 0.05 of P values, otherness is notable.
Table 2 is weeds and Sedum alfredii Hance biomass three times, covering black film with cover black net for Weeds distribution otherness
Not significantly, but two kinds handle the significant differences compared with blank control, illustrate that black net and black film can obtain Weeds distribution
Remarkable result.For the analysis of Sedum alfredii Hance biomass statistics, it can be seen that, blank control and covering black film cover at black two, net
There are significant differences for biomass between reason；But biomass between two processing of covering black film and the black net of covering is compared in analysis, without aobvious
Sex differernce is write, two kinds of processing biomass mean values are very close, there is preferable effect of increasing production compared with blank control.Experiment carries out
In 7 months, carried out the statistics of weed biomass three times, cover black net be respectively 93.08% three times to the control rates of weeds,
93.12%, 77.99%；It is respectively three times 100%, 98.39%, 87.39% to the control rate of weeds to cover black film, shows two
Kind covering treatment has preferable control effect to weeds.
Table 3：Sedum alfredii Hance heavy metal concentration (mg/kg)
| Plant Cd | Plant Zn | |
| Blank control | 35.00±3.21a | 9923±331c |
| Cover black net | 45.49±4.60b | 6061±806b |
| Cover black film | 38.09±3.82a | 4889±320a |
Note：Super enriching plant Sedum alfredii Hance dry sample heavy metal concentration and Sedum alfredii Hance carry out the recovery rate of heavy metal
Duncan methods are analyzed, and there is P ＜ 0.05, otherness is notable.
As shown in upper table 3, the super enriching plant Sedum alfredii Hance Cd concentration mean values for covering black net processing are up to 45.49mg/
It is also higher than the heavy metal Cd concentration of blank control significantly to exceed covering black film processing by kg.Cover black film processing and blank control phase
More not notable than difference, mean value is between 30~40mg/kg.
Embodiment 2：Plant the low accumulation corns of Cd
Demonstration covers the advantage of black network control grass again on the basis of 1 experimental study of embodiment, by planting low Cd corns product
Kind, simultaneously, safe utilization contaminated soil obtains safe agricultural product to weeds management to the careless measure of difference control between simplifying planting season.
(1) test 80 day by a definite date time on-test be on 06 27th, 2017, upper one turn over after the test it is smooth
The original processing in soil is constant.Using original black net and new black film, (black film is stretched and notch is excessive after being taken out in ground
So replacing), corn planting method is 3 × 2 plants, and per 3 seeds of bunch planting, plant is primary to thinning after 20cm, per cave
Finally stay a young plant continued growth.
(2) weed biomass first time weeding and is collected in July 26 days during experiment, additional typhon during corn growth
Mouth fertilizer, amount of application are 15kg/ mus i.e. 22.5g/ ㎡.Block is carried out with polyethylene panel to every piece of experimental plot during top dressing,
Two water collectors are set at the low-lying place of cell, record each cell water collector rainwater volume, and analyze ammoniacal nitrogen in rainwater, nitre state
The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
6, last times of (3) 2017 on Septembers collect weed biomass, are collected simultaneously the biology of corn kernel and cauline leaf
Amount makes corn and the standby survey of cormophyte sample, in addition collects soil after the test, a soil total huge sum of money is measured after processing
Belong to Cd.
The rainwash nutrient concentration (mg/L) that table 4 is collected three times
Table 4 is the measurement of water sample nutrient three times, it is seen that contained inorganic nitrogen is gradual in rainwash after fertilising
Increase, illustrates that the release timeliness of Nitrogen is longer；Second of collection rainwash measures potassium, and the potassium concn for covering black film is sky
2.5 times handled in vain with the black net of covering.The inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that black film processing is covered after sample concentration is averaged three times are equal
More than other two processing, it is unable to accurate statistics run-off since rainfall is larger during collecting rainwash three times, but it is logical
It crosses subsequent pot experiment and finds that flow path surface covering black film ＞ covers black net ＞ blank controls, so covering black film processing
Concentration highest and run-off are maximum, it was therefore concluded that：Cover the fertilizer-preserving ability of black film control grass processing not as good as blank control and
Cover black net processing.
Weed biomass (g/ ㎡) during 5 corn stem leaf biomass of table and corn planting
| Project | Corn stem leaf | First time weeds | Second of weeds |
| Blank control | 1314 | 702.59b | 572.56b |
| Cover black net | 1255 | 8.06a | 17.76a |
| Cover black film | 1439 | 3.29a | 9.46a |
Note：Duncan method analyses are carried out to weed biomass twice, there is P ＜ 0.05, otherness is notable.
Since continuous typhoon for several times leads to the even direct neat root fracture of corn lodging by the end of August, so seed seriously subtracts
Production, cauline leaf, which is blown, causes vine yield also inaccurate, but weed biomass is hardly by typhoon influence, can be with normal statistics.
Table 5 demonstrates again that the black net of covering and covering black film are excellent to the control effect of weeds, the significant difference compared with blank control.
6 corn kernel of table and cauline leaf heavy metal Cd content (mg/kg)
| Seed Cd | Cauline leaf Cd | |
| Blank control | 0.0850±0.0206 | 0.4561±0.1130 |
| Cover black net | 0.0657±0.0181 | 0.3807±0.1218 |
| Cover black film | 0.0879±0.0310 | 0.6354±0.2506 |
Table 7 tests front and back soil Cd contents (mg/kg)
| Before experiment | After experiment | |
| Blank control | 0.7647±0.1749 | 0.7200±0.2911 |
| Cover black net | 0.5796±0.2655 | 0.4949±0.2460 |
| Cover black film | 0.7583±0.2135 | 0.6886±0.1795 |
Upper table 6,7 is corn stem leaf and heavy metal-polluted soil Cd full doses, Duncan methods analyze P ＞ 0.05 after the test,
Show that significant difference is not present.Since the initial soil content of beary metal for covering black net processing in experiment is inclined compared with other two processing
It is low, so the corn stem leaf and seed content of beary metal of growth are also relatively relatively low, but totally have no significant difference.Three kinds of processing are beautiful
Rice seed Cd contents are below state food standard limited value, and Cd≤0.1mg/kg (mark by GB 2762-2017 food securities country
It is accurate).Though the front and back heavy metal-polluted soil Cd concentration of experiment slightly reduces, significant difference is not present between different disposal, illustrates rainwater pair
Purification capacity of soil is limited, is merely a long process by rainwater purification soil.
Embodiment 3：Potted plant growth corn measurement drenches the heavy metal
On the basis of plot experiment maize planting, in order to improve influence of the rainwater elution to heavy metal-polluted soil concentration, into one
Step carries out pot experiment, collects potting amount of rainfall and measures leakage water heavy metal Cd, Zn concentration, is finally counted with volume by concentration
It calculates in the corn planting period, heavy metal-polluted soil drenches output.
(1) time on-test is on 07 14th, 2017, carries out fetching earth standby in experimental plot doing pot experiment, soil
Earth dries grind after, cross 5mm sieve mixings and the soil of same quality taken to do pot experiment, each potting takes the soil of homogenous quantities to carry out soil
The measurement of initial heavy metal.
(2) potting is packed into the dry ground after 5kg is ground, and watering for the first time is the 30% of soil dry weight, and water is sucked naturally by basin bottom
To not change soil texture.Overlay film covers opens the hole of diameter about 3cm after net with mold in centre position, plantation jade in hole
For rice per bunch planting 3 seeds of kind, plant is primary to thinning after 20cm, and a young plant continued growth is finally stayed per cave.
(3) rainwater, record volume simultaneously measure weight in rainwater in each apparent precipitation terminates collection water collector during planting
Metal Cd concentration.Since test period is shorter, there is a notable difference in potting and practical farmland, therefore without measurement corn and weeds
Increment.
Five times percolate volume and heavy metal Cd concentration being measured during potted plant growth, Fig. 1 is that accumulation drenches Cd amounts,
Five total leaching output blank controls are respectively 19.27 μ g, 19.52 μ g with the black net of covering, are significantly higher than 5.54 μ g of covering black film,
The Cd total amounts that covering black film elutes are minimum.
The above case shows that the invention can achieve effective control the growth of weeds, saves weeding cost of labor, when fertilising
There is elution effect without raising, and to Heavy Metals in Soil Contaminated, advantageously reduce heavy metal-polluted soil, it is best comprehensive to realize
Benefit.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention made by changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of permeable fertilizer of energy, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) a kind of higher black net that do not absorb water of density is chosen, black net is cut into suitable size；
(2) ground weeds are removed, are leveled land, chesson, and by the requirement ridging of the crop to be planted；It then, will be whole
A ridge face is covered with the black net that do not absorb water, and carries out borehole in suitable position mold or scissors, the long-term cropping in hole, then by normal
Rule carry out watering, fertilizing and field management to crop.
2. the black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The black net that do not absorb water is the black net of plastic optical fibre.
3. the black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
The black net that do not absorb water is 7~10 needle sunshade net of black.
4. the black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The black net that do not absorb water is 8 needle sunshade net of black.
5. the black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
Used black net can penetrate most rainwater, black net need not be raised in application chemical fertilizer, and having a huge sum of money
Belong in contaminated soil, rainwater can be allowed to elute and reduce topsoil heavy metal.
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| CN201810048880.8A CN108293534A (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy |
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| CN104871888A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-09-02 | 常州协和永昌蚊帐有限公司 | Agricultural insect killing net and manufacturing method thereof |
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