CN105230412A - Biological-physical control method for spartina alterniflora - Google Patents
Biological-physical control method for spartina alterniflora Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230412A CN105230412A CN201510782852.5A CN201510782852A CN105230412A CN 105230412 A CN105230412 A CN 105230412A CN 201510782852 A CN201510782852 A CN 201510782852A CN 105230412 A CN105230412 A CN 105230412A
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- spartina alterniflora
- alterniflora loisel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological-physical control method for spartina alterniflora. The method comprises the following steps: a, a physical covering stage: covering and fixing a plastic shading net on a mud flat on which the spartina alterniflora grows, and entering the next stage after the growth of the spartina alterniflora is suppressed and the above-ground biomass is reduced by more than 45 percent; b, a biological substitute stage: planting pagatpats, kandelia candel, Tung blossoms, Acanthus ilicifolius and acrostichum aureum seedlings in holes in the plastic shading net, and blocking the mud flat for maintenance. On the basis of the physical coverage measure, a biological substitute technology is introduced, long-time and effective comprehensive treatment on the spartina alterniflora is realized; the biological-physical control method has the advantages of easiness in operation and low cost; meanwhile, the real aim of 'grass cultivation and forest planting' can be fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological environmental protection technical field, be specifically related to a kind of spartina alterniflora loisel biology-physical control method.
Background technology
Spartina alterniflora loisel (SpartinaalternifloraLoisel) is grass family rice grass genus herbaceos perennial.Grow since China introduces for 1979, propagate, spread, agriculture and animal husbandry aquatic products industry coastal and in all parts of the country and littoral zone mangrove forest ecological environment have been caused and greatly destroyed (Wang Qing etc., 2006).Spartina alterniflora loisel by universally acknowledged be one of alien noxious weed, also listed in first batch of 16 kinds of Invasive Alien Species registers by China, and its spreading trend monitored (Chinese Academy of Sciences and Environmental Protection Administration, 2003).The domestic and international control to spartina alterniflora loisel at present mainly contains the methods (Hedgeetal., 2003) such as physical control, Chemical Control, biological control and biological substitution.Physical control mainly adopt manually pull out seedling, fabric or plastic film covering, continuously cradle pull out, water logging, baked wheaten cake and stone roller bury.This kind of physical control successful, but artificial and mechanical removal efficiency is lower, and cost is also higher, often needs regularly to repeat to administer, and is difficult to realize the lasting control to spartina alterniflora loisel.Cladding process is the one that physical method kind is comparatively commonly used, namely spartina alterniflora loisel's patch is closely covered with fine and close filament nonwoven fabric or plastic foil, continuous covering one to two Growing season, this method is for controlling the spartina alterniflora loisel of little patch comparatively effectively (DeniseandSanger, 2004).The research of the existing Mulching treatment to spartina alterniflora loisel shows: the cover time lethality of longer spartina alterniflora loisel is higher, and after covering 8-10 week, above ground portion spartina alterniflora loisel lethality can reach 100% (Li Hepeng, 2007) usually.Chemical Control refers to and adopts effective weed killer herbicide to prevent and kill off.Utilize chemical herbicide to control spartina alterniflora loisel and there is certain limitation, spartina alterniflora loisel's growth is in seashore intertidal zone, and beach is periodically flooded by seawater, easily causes scattering and disappearing of weed killer herbicide, and Common Herbicides can only remove earth's surface usually with upper part, be difficult to the growth of control root system and spread; Weed killer herbicide has certain toxicity usually, may to around the ecosystem and human health cause certain negative effect.Biological substitution technology is the self-law according to syndynamic, utilizes the species ecology Prevention Technique having eciophyte to replace Alien Invasive Plants.Tropical rain forest research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences once introduced a fine variety at utilization the experiment that pagatpat carries out alternative spartina alterniflora loisel in 1999, pagatpat is due to fast growth, plant after 1 year and can closing grow into forest, successfully substitute spartina alterniflora loisel (Tang Guoling etc., 2007).Although pagatpat effectively can control spartina alterniflora loisel, cause the South China coastal to form large area pagatpat Artificial Pure after planting in a large number, this stand structure is single, easily suffers damage by disease and insect; Pagatpat belongs to alien species simultaneously, and the establishing in large scale of pagatpat is unfavorable for the growth of indigenous tree species, and the recovery of local mangrove ecosystem.
In existing mutual colored rice control technology, physical control method can realize the removing of spartina alterniflora loisel at short notice, therefore occupies critical role in spartina alterniflora loisel's preventing and controlling, but needs at substantial labour, cost is higher, and thoroughly can not eradicate the invasion of spartina alterniflora loisel.Lack in the covering means in past withered to above ground portion spartina alterniflora loisel after follow-up control.Biological competition or biological substitution method can cause the suppression of continuous and effective by the growth of the growth of vicar to spartina alterniflora loisel, thoroughly eradicate spartina alterniflora loisel, but the selection of vicar has larger limitation, and the cycle is longer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of simple to operate, relative inexpensiveness, and the spartina alterniflora loisel's biology-physical control method thoroughly eradicating spartina alterniflora loisel's invasion, this method is suitable for invading the swamp of mangrove spread of coercing by spartina alterniflora loisel.
Spartina alterniflora loisel's biology-physical control method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A. physics hides the stage: hidden by sunshade net and be fixed on beach that spartina alterniflora loisel grows, after spartina alterniflora loisel grows suppressed, ground biomass reduction by more than 45%, enters next stage;
B. in the biological substitution stage: perforate on sunshade net, dig kind of a plant hole at hole opposite position, then plant in kind of plant hole pagatpat, the autumn eggplant, paulownia, old mouse le and halogen fern seedling, envelope beach maintenance.
Preferably, described sunshade net to be light transmittance be 10% black plastic sunshade net.
Preferably, it is the annual 6-9 month that described sunshade net hides the time; Preferred, be the annual 7-8 month; A Growing season of spartina alterniflora loisel is generally the 6-9 month, and wherein the 7-8 month is spartina alterniflora loisel's growth the most vigorous period, and in this period, covering of carrying out sheltering from heat or light can shorten the time of sheltering from heat or light, and obtains equal control effects.
Preferably, the spacing of described kind plant hole is 1.5-2m.
Preferably, described pagatpat, the autumn eggplant, paulownia, old mouse le and halogen fern seedling be the seedling of growth 1-2, stem height 1-1.5m.
Preferably, envelope beach maintenance is envelope more than 2 years, beach, timely after-culture, in good time fertilising and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
The present invention is by thoroughly eradicating spartina alterniflora loisel in conjunction with physics soverlay technique and biological substitution means.Research shows that the growth tool of illumination condition to spartina alterniflora loisel has a significant impact, and under different shade intensity, the upgrowth situation of spartina alterniflora loisel, photosynthetic capacity and biomass etc. all exist marked difference, shades to have significant inhibitory action to the growth of spartina alterniflora loisel.Although covered by physics and can control spartina alterniflora loisel's growth, often can only be effective at short notice, and affect natural landscape, once covering is damaged or excision spartina alterniflora loisel will regrow.This control method is divided into physics to hide and two stages of biological substitution.In the stage one, namely physics hides the phase, and hidden on the beach having spartina alterniflora loisel to grow by plastics sunshade net, the covering phase is about 60 days, makes spartina alterniflora loisel grow by suppression (ground biomass reduces by more than 45%) to a certain extent; Stage two, the i.e. biological substitution phase, perforate on plastics sunshade net, dig kind of a plant hole, and in kind of plant hole, plant the fast-growing mangroves such as pagatpat, paulownia, old mouse le and halogen fern, its living space is occupied further with spartina alterniflora loisel's compete for light resource, pagatpat is fast-growing arbor, the height of tree generally can reach 15-20m, once the crown canopy forming closing just can realize naturally covering spartina alterniflora loisel, the native mangroves shade tolerancees such as paulownia, Lao Shu le, halogen fern are comparatively strong, are suitable for growing in pagatpat sylvan life.The present invention covers on the basis of means at physics and introduces the realization of biological substitution technology to the permanent effective comprehensive regulation of spartina alterniflora loisel.The present invention adopts sunshade net but not air-locked covered rearing with plastic film, manually need not remove in advance, and have permeability to spartina alterniflora loisel, can not affect ecological environment of soil and benthic growth and breeding.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention mainly contains: (1) is by the comparative studies of the index such as spartina alterniflora loisel's physiological ecological and growth adaptation under different light transmittance plastics Shading net covering, determine the critical light intensity that spartina alterniflora loisel is lethal, realize lower input-output ratio with minimum coverage density; (2) this technology such as need not be pulled out spartina alterniflora loisel or turn at the physical operations, reduces labour and drops into; (3) realize the thorough removing of spartina alterniflora loisel in conjunction with the biological means of competitive displacement, realize " moving back grass also woods " truly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in potted plant experiment, difference is sheltered from heat or light spartina alterniflora loisel's growing state under condition.
Fig. 2 is the amount of growth of 60 days every square metre of spartina alterniflora loisels afterwards of sheltering from heat or light.
Fig. 3 is the eugonic spartina alterniflora loisel before hiding.
Fig. 4 is that black plastic sunshade net hides and is fixed on the eugonic beach of spartina alterniflora loisel.
Fig. 5 be envelope beach maintenance after 2 years halodrymium substitute spartina alterniflora loisel's effect.
Embodiment
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Implement sample ground in utilization Mangrove Nature Reserves, Guangdong, spartina alterniflora loisel's area about 300 square metres.
1. preliminary experiment: select the best light transmittance of sunshade net
Spartina alterniflora loisel is sheltered from heat or light potted plant experiment: arrange 4 kinds of Shading treatment with the black plastic sunshade net of different light transmittance, its light transmittance is respectively 100% (without shading), 45%, 30% and 10%, and wherein rear 3 Shading treatment are located in the shading shed of high 2.5m brandreth cover black nylon net formation.The Spartina Alterniflora Seedlings of long for stem about 10cm is planted under 4 kinds of different illumination conditions, cultivation matrix is the ooze taking from utilization, shelter from heat or light and to contrast the growing state of spartina alterniflora loisel under each process after half a year, result shows the inhibition that the sunshade net of 10% light transmittance grows spartina alterniflora loisel best (Fig. 1).When light transmittance be 100% (without shading), 45% and 30%, spartina alterniflora loisel all can keep certain growth rate, and knot fringe of normally blooming, the inhibition of sheltering from heat or light remarkable (Fig. 1).For reaching good treatment effect and lower input cost, light transmittance is adopted to be that the plastics sunshade net of 10% is as cladding material.
2. Shading net covering spartina alterniflora loisel
By light transmittance be 10% black plastic sunshade net to be laid on the eugonic beach of spartina alterniflora loisel (shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), sunshade net area is determined according to the actual growth scope of spartina alterniflora loisel, and in this embodiment, sunshade net area is 10m*30m.A rope is fixed every 5m in sunshade net edge, and the rope other end is then fixed on beach surface with timber, makes sunshade net close with beach face as far as possible, to compress the plantation that mangrove nursery stock is convenient in spartina alterniflora loisel growing space simultaneously.The time of sheltering from heat or light is on August 30th, 1 2015 on June 30th, 2015.
3. plant mangrove nursery stock
Shading net covering is after 2 months, spartina alterniflora loisel's ground biomass decline 46% (Fig. 2), at this moment the mangrove nursery stock plantation of second stage is carried out, according to certain interval (1.5-2m on sunshade net, can determine according to the suitable spacing of nursery stock kind and plantation) to cut diameter be 0.3m hole, the beach of corresponding section, hole digs out kind of a plant hole, and (cave specification is diameter 30cm, dark 40cm), plant in kind of plant hole pagatpat, the autumn eggplant, Aegiceras corniculatum, the mangrove such as old mouse le and halogen fern, all select growth 1-2, the seedling of stem height 1-1.5m.By pagatpat and stronger Aegiceras corniculatum and the Lao Shu le of shade tolerance, that the mixed planting of halogen fern can make halodrymium configure is more excellent, better to the inhibition of spartina alterniflora loisel.
4. management after planting
Mangrove plantation needs reinforcement to manage and protect later: 1) seal more than 2 years, beach, and want special messenger to manage and protect, prevent human and animal from trampleing on; 2) prevention and elimination of disease and pests is wanted; 3) want timely after-culture, apply fertilizer in good time, guarantee Afforestation Effects, finally realize with native country mangrove forest competitive displacement spartina alterniflora loisel, recover impaired Mangrove Communities.
5. implementation result
This technology has experimental field achieved good implementation result (shown in Fig. 5) in Zhuhai Mangrove Nature Reserves, halodrymium substitutes spartina alterniflora loisel to win initial success, spartina alterniflora loisel's clearance rate more than 80%, Mangroves survival rate more than 80%.Be applicable to carrying out wider popularization.
Claims (7)
1. spartina alterniflora loisel's biology-physical control method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A. physics hides the stage: hidden by sunshade net and be fixed on beach that spartina alterniflora loisel grows, after spartina alterniflora loisel grows suppressed, ground biomass reduction by more than 45%, enters next stage;
B. in the biological substitution stage: perforate on sunshade net, dig kind of a plant hole at hole opposite position, then plant in kind of plant hole pagatpat, the autumn eggplant, paulownia, old mouse le and halogen fern seedling, envelope beach maintenance.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sunshade net to be light transmittance be 10% black plastic sunshade net.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is the annual 6-9 month that described sunshade net hides the time.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is the annual 7-8 month that described sunshade net hides the time.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the spacing of described kind plant hole is 1.5-2m.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pagatpat, the autumn eggplant, paulownia, old mouse le and halogen fern seedling be the seedling of growth 1-2, stem height 1-1.5m.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described envelope beach maintenance is envelope more than 2 years, beach, timely after-culture, in good time fertilising and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108293353A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-07-20 | 钱咏梅 | A kind of ecological effective technology making mutual spartina natural death |
| CN108293534A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-20 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy |
| CN110073932A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 遵义衡中中药材科技开发有限公司 | One kind covering web, high efficiency planting technology method |
| CN111328493A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-06-26 | 广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局 | Method for removing spartina alterniflora |
| CN111418466A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-17 | 贵州省植物园 | Efficient bletilla striata weeding method |
| CN112673875A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 广东如春生态集团有限公司 | Method for treating spartina alterniflora by using ecological succession measures for restoring habitat |
| CN113712018A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-30 | 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 | Comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water |
| CN113966690A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-25 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Method for treating spartina alterniflora and application thereof |
| CN114342720A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-15 | 上海市嘉定区农业技术推广服务中心(上海市嘉定区蔬菜技术推广站、上海市嘉定区农产品检测中心) | Double-color shading net and method for strawberry seedling propagation by using same |
| CN116250439A (en) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-06-13 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Method for managing spartina alterniflora system |
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| CN108293534A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-20 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of black careless method of net covering control that do not absorb water of the permeable fertilizer of energy |
| CN108293353A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-07-20 | 钱咏梅 | A kind of ecological effective technology making mutual spartina natural death |
| CN110073932A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 遵义衡中中药材科技开发有限公司 | One kind covering web, high efficiency planting technology method |
| CN111328493A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-06-26 | 广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局 | Method for removing spartina alterniflora |
| CN111418466A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-17 | 贵州省植物园 | Efficient bletilla striata weeding method |
| CN112673875A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 广东如春生态集团有限公司 | Method for treating spartina alterniflora by using ecological succession measures for restoring habitat |
| CN113712018A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-30 | 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区管理处 | Comprehensive method for treating spartina alterniflora by flooding with fresh water |
| CN113966690A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-25 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Method for treating spartina alterniflora and application thereof |
| CN114342720A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-15 | 上海市嘉定区农业技术推广服务中心(上海市嘉定区蔬菜技术推广站、上海市嘉定区农产品检测中心) | Double-color shading net and method for strawberry seedling propagation by using same |
| CN116250439A (en) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-06-13 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Method for managing spartina alterniflora system |
| CN116250439B (en) * | 2023-02-16 | 2024-05-31 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Method for managing spartina alterniflora system |
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