CN111418466A - Efficient bletilla striata weeding method - Google Patents

Efficient bletilla striata weeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111418466A
CN111418466A CN202010385210.2A CN202010385210A CN111418466A CN 111418466 A CN111418466 A CN 111418466A CN 202010385210 A CN202010385210 A CN 202010385210A CN 111418466 A CN111418466 A CN 111418466A
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bletilla striata
sunshade net
soil
weeding
seedlings
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Inventor
戚燕强
张家春
周颖
张子雄
王永
蒋影
熊鹏飞
郑听
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GUIZHOU BOTANICAL GARDEN
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GUIZHOU BOTANICAL GARDEN
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants
    • A01G13/0268

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency bletilla striata weeding method, belonging to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and comprising the following steps: (1) selecting land and preparing land, (2) covering a sunshade net, (3) digging a planting pit, (4) transplanting seedlings, and (5) managing the field; the efficient bletilla striata weeding method provided by the invention can block the rapid clustering of bletilla striata weeds and promote the rapid growth of bletilla striata, so that the artificial weeding time is reduced, and the artificial weeding cost is reduced; meanwhile, the efficient bletilla striata weeding method provided by the invention has the advantages that the loss of water and soil after soil preparation can be reduced by covering the bletilla striata with the sunshade net, the water, air and heat required in the growth process of the bletilla striata are guaranteed by gaps of the sunshade net, the temperature of the surface of the sunshade net and a soil layer of 0-5 cm in summer is effectively reduced after the sunshade net is covered, the phenomenon that bletilla striata leaves are burnt due to overhigh surface temperature when plastic films are covered by the bletilla striata in summer is avoided, the per mu yield and the per mu quality of the bletilla striata are improved while bletilla striata weeds are effectively reduced by adopting the planting method, and.

Description

Efficient bletilla striata weeding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and particularly relates to a bletilla striata efficient weeding method.
Background
The bletilla striata is a perennial herb medicinal plant of bletilla in the orchid family, takes dry tubers as medicines, is bitter, astringent, sweet and slightly cold in property, enters lung, liver and stomach channels, and has the effects of stopping bleeding, astringing, reducing swelling and promoting granulation. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly used for treating hemorrhagic diseases such as hematemesis, traumatic hemorrhage, hemoptysis, scald, ulcer and pain, rhagadia manus et pedis, carbuncle sore and pyogenic infections in clinic. Rhizoma Bletillae also has antibacterial, antiinflammatory, wound healing promoting, antitumor, anti-fibrosis, antioxidant, antiulcer, and cell growth promoting effects.
The main medicinal component of the bletilla has bletilla gum (bletilla polysaccharide), and the bletilla polysaccharide has huge commercial utilization value in the aspects of biological medicine, health food, textile printing and dyeing, special coating, daily chemical industry and the like. In addition, bletilla striata is a species of orchidaceae that is both a medicinal plant and an ornamental value. Therefore, the bletilla has been developed into a special economic plant with medicine, food, industry and health care functions. With the increasing use amount of bletilla striata, in order to meet the market demand, people increase the artificial cultivation and mass production of bletilla striata and form standardized planting of the bletilla striata.
However, the growth speed of the bletilla striata is slow, the weeds become restriction factors influencing artificial cultivation and yield improvement of the bletilla striata, the weeds not only increase the labor cost of weeding, but also influence the growth of the bletilla striata to reduce the yield and quality, so that an efficient bletilla striata weeding method is urgently needed, the artificial weeding cost of planting the bletilla striata can be reduced, the yield and quality of the bletilla striata can be improved, the demands of the market on the bletilla striata can be met to the maximum extent, and a new idea is provided for planting the bletilla striata.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the artificial weeding of the bletilla striata in the existing bletilla striata planting technology is time-consuming, labor-consuming and high in cost, the invention provides a high-efficiency, convenient and low-cost weeding method of the bletilla striata, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the efficient bletilla striata weeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam which has good light and good drainage and is fertile and loose, ploughing the soil by 20-40 cm, applying rotten farmyard manure during ploughing, naturally placing for 2 weeks, then deeply ploughing by 30-40 cm, applying a compound fertilizer, uniformly mixing the soil and the manure, finely preparing and raking the soil, raising a furrow according to the width of the furrow of 100-120 cm and the height of the furrow of 20-30 cm, and digging a drainage ditch with the width of 30-40 cm and the depth of 20-30 cm;
(2) covering a sunshade net: covering a sunshade net on the ridge surface after the ridge is prepared, wherein the width of the sunshade net is based on the two sides of the covered ridge and the bottom of the drainage ditch, the periphery of the sunshade net is fixed by wood piles, and the sunshade net is covered with less soil on the upper surface so as not to be blown away;
(3) digging planting pits, namely opening × 20-30 cm with an opening of 20-30 cm row spacing and plant spacing on a sunshade net according to planting density by using scissors, and digging the planting pits with the pit depth of 5-10 cm and the pit diameter of 5-8 cm;
(4) transplanting seedlings: selecting bletilla striata seedlings which grow well, do not have diseases and insect pests and are not damaged by machinery, wherein the number of the seedlings is 2-4, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 10cm, the bletilla striata seedlings are fixed at the center of a planting hole of the furrow, the roots of the bletilla striata seedlings are protected by fine soil, the bletilla striata seedlings are covered by the soil until seed balls (pseudo bulbs) are covered by 3-4 cm, and the bletilla striata seedlings are transplanted 1 plant/nest;
(5) field management: weeding, irrigation, pest control and topdressing.
Further, the soil selected in the step (1) has a water content of 50-65%, a pH value of 6.5-7.5, a soil organic matter content of 25-50 g/kg and good soil texture;
further, the decomposed farmyard manure used in the step (1) is mainly fermented cow dung, the using amount is 1000 kg-2000 kg/mu, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 15-30 kg/mu.
Further, the sunshade net used in the step (2) is a black plastic net, 6-8 needles are encrypted, the whole roll is 2m wide and × 100m long, and the sunshade rate is more than 80;
further, the sunshade net in the step (3) is opened, the diameter of the opening in the first year is 5-8 cm, the diameter of the opening in the second year is 8-12 cm, and the opening diameter ensures that rhizoma bletillae germinates and all the rhizoma bletillae are exposed out of the sunshade net;
further, the bletilla striata seedlings used in the step (4) are annual bletilla striata seeds direct seeding seedling seedlings with pseudo bulbs, and the hardening and acclimation period is more than 8 months;
further, bletilla striata artificial weeding in the step (5) is early, small and clean, weeding is performed for 2-3 times every year, when drought weather occurs, irrigation is performed in time to keep the water content of soil between 50-65%, a drainage ditch is dredged in time in rainy season or after rain, root rot is avoided, topdressing is mainly performed by taking a compound fertilizer as a main part in the first year of planting, and topdressing is performed by taking 5-6 months and 9-10 months every year for 15-30 kg/mu of the compound fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the efficient bletilla striata weeding method provided by the invention can hinder rapid clustering of bletilla striata weeds, reduce the fresh weight of each mu of weeds by 57%, promote rapid growth of bletilla striata, further reduce artificial weeding time, reduce artificial weeding time by 40% per mu, and reduce artificial weeding cost; meanwhile, the efficient bletilla striata weeding method provided by the invention has the advantages that the loss of water and soil after soil preparation can be reduced by covering the bletilla striata with the high-density sunshade net, the gaps of the sunshade net ensure the water, air and heat required in the growth process of the bletilla striata, the temperature of the surface of the sunshade net and the soil layer of 0-5 cm in summer is effectively reduced after the sunshade net is covered, the phenomenon that the bletilla striata leaves are burnt due to overhigh surface temperature when the bletilla striata is covered with a plastic film in summer is avoided, the acre yield and quality of the bletilla striata are effectively reduced by adopting the planting method, the dry bletilla striata tubers per mu is increased by 30%, the water and soil loss is reduced, the efficient bletilla striata weeding method can be popularized in.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The efficient bletilla striata weeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam which has good light and good drainage and is fertile and loose, ploughing the soil by 30cm, applying rotten farmyard manure during ploughing, naturally placing for 2 weeks, then deeply ploughing by 30cm, applying a compound fertilizer, uniformly mixing the soil and the manure, finely preparing and raking the soil, forming a furrow according to the width of 120cm and the height of 30cm, and digging a drainage ditch with the width of 30cm and the depth of 30 cm;
(2) covering a sunshade net: covering a sunshade net on the ridge surface after the ridge is prepared, wherein the width of the sunshade net is based on the two sides of the covered ridge and the bottom of the drainage ditch, the periphery of the sunshade net is fixed by wood piles, and the sunshade net is covered with less soil on the upper surface so as not to be blown away;
(3) digging planting pits, namely opening × 25cm openings on the sunshade net according to the planting density row spacing of 25cm, and digging the planting pits with the pit depth of 6cm and the pit diameter of 5 cm;
(4) transplanting seedlings: selecting bletilla striata seedlings which grow well, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have no mechanical damage, wherein the number of the seedlings is 3, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 10cm, the bletilla striata seedlings are fixed at the center of a planting hole of the furrow, the roots of the bletilla striata seedlings are protected by fine soil, the bletilla striata seedlings are covered by the fine soil until seed bulbs (pseudo bulbs) are covered by 3cm, and the bletilla striata seedlings are transplanted to 1 plant/nest;
(5) field management: weeding, irrigation, pest control and topdressing.
Further, the soil selected in the step (1) has the water content of 55%, the pH value of 7, the organic matter content of 30g/kg and good soil texture;
further, the method is characterized in that the decomposed farmyard manure used in the step (1) is mainly fermented cow dung, the using amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is 1200 kg/mu, and the using amount of the compound fertilizer is 30 kg/mu.
Further, the sun-shading net used in the step (2) is a black plastic net, 6 needles are encrypted, the whole roll is 2m wide and × 100m long, and the sun-shading rate is 80%;
further, the opening of the sunshade net in the step (3) is characterized in that the diameter of the opening in the first year is 5cm, and the diameter of the opening in the second year is 10 cm;
further, the bletilla striata seedlings used in the step (4) are annual bletilla striata seeds direct seeding seedling seedlings with pseudo bulbs, and the hardening and acclimating period is more than 8 months;
further, bletilla striata artificial weeding in the step (5) achieves early, small and clean weeding, weeding is performed for 2 times every year, when drought weather occurs, irrigation is performed in time to keep the water content of soil between 55%, drainage ditches are dredged in time in rainy season or after rain, root rot is avoided, topdressing is mainly performed by taking the compound fertilizer as a main part in the first year of planting, and topdressing is performed by taking the compound fertilizer for 6 months and 9 months every year for 20 kg/mu.
Example 2
The bletilla striata cultivation demonstration test is carried out, planting of bletilla striata without a sunshade net is used as a control group in the test, the bletilla striata efficient weeding method is used as a test group, the test is started in 2016 and 3 months, and the test address is a medicinal demonstration test area in a plant garden in Guizhou province. The two treatment groups are in the same region, but are isolated from each other and have the same area. After the experiment is finished, comparing the time of each time of labor application of artificial weeding in the growth of the bletilla striata, the fresh weight of weeds in each time of weeding, the yield in collection and the content of bletilla striata polysaccharide in tubers.
And (3) test results:
index (I) Control group Test group
Artificial time (h/mu) 91.44 54.86
Weed fresh (kg/mu) 577.03 249.80
Dry product yield (kg/mu) 162.06 208.45
Tuber of bletilla striata polysaccharide (%) 22.57 28.49
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam which has good light and good drainage and is fertile and loose, ploughing the soil by 20-40 cm, applying rotten farmyard manure during ploughing, naturally placing for 2 weeks, then deeply ploughing by 30-40 cm, applying a compound fertilizer, uniformly mixing the soil and the manure, finely preparing and raking the soil, raising a furrow according to the width of the furrow of 100-120 cm and the height of the furrow of 20-30 cm, and digging a drainage ditch with the width of 30-40 cm and the depth of 20-30 cm;
(2) covering a sunshade net: covering a sunshade net on the ridge surface after the ridge is prepared, wherein the width of the sunshade net is based on the two sides of the covered ridge and the bottom of the drainage ditch, the periphery of the sunshade net is fixed by wood piles, and the sunshade net is covered with less soil on the upper surface so as not to be blown away;
(3) digging planting pits, namely opening × 20-30 cm with an opening of 20-30 cm row spacing and plant spacing on a sunshade net according to planting density by using scissors, and digging the planting pits with the pit depth of 5-10 cm and the pit diameter of 5-8 cm;
(4) transplanting seedlings: selecting bletilla striata seedlings which grow well, do not have diseases and insect pests and are not damaged by machinery, wherein the number of the seedlings is 2-4, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 10cm, the bletilla striata seedlings are fixed at the center of a planting hole of the furrow, the roots of the bletilla striata seedlings are protected by fine soil, the bletilla striata seedlings are covered by the soil until seed balls (pseudo bulbs) are covered by 3-4 cm, and the bletilla striata seedlings are transplanted 1 plant/nest;
(5) field management: weeding, irrigation, pest control and topdressing.
2. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil selected in the step (1) has a water content of 50% -65%, a pH value of 6.5-7.5, a soil organic matter content of 25-50 g/kg and good soil texture, namely sandy loam.
3. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure used in step (1) is fermented cow dung in an amount of 1000 kg/mu to 2000 kg/mu, and the compound fertilizer is used in an amount of 15 kg/mu to 30 kg/mu.
4. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method according to claim 1, wherein the sunshade net used in the step (2) is a black plastic net, the sunshade net is encrypted for 6-8 needles, the whole roll is 2m wide and × 100m long, and the sunshade rate is more than 80.
5. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method according to claim 1, wherein the sunshade net in the step (3) is opened, the diameter of the opening in the first year is 5-8 cm, the diameter of the opening in the second year is 8-12 cm, and the opening diameter ensures that bletilla striata sprouts and the sunshade net is exposed.
6. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method according to claim 1, wherein the bletilla striata seedlings used in the step (4) are seedlings of annual bletilla striata seeds with pseudobulbs obtained by direct seeding and seedling hardening and domesticating for more than 8 months.
7. The efficient bletilla striata weeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), artificial bletilla striata weeding is performed early, small and clean, weeding is performed 2-3 times per year, soil water content is maintained to be 50-65% in time of irrigation in drought weather, drainage ditches are dredged in time in rainy season or in rainy days, root rot is avoided, topdressing is mainly performed on compound fertilizers in the first year of planting, and topdressing is performed on the compound fertilizers for 5-6 months and 9-10 months per year by 15-30 kg/mu.
CN202010385210.2A 2020-05-09 2020-05-09 Efficient bletilla striata weeding method Pending CN111418466A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113475339A (en) * 2021-07-15 2021-10-08 贵州省植物园(贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所) Bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method

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CN105532218A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-04 安徽世纪绿药生态农林有限公司 Bletilla striata planting technology
CN106818185A (en) * 2017-02-23 2017-06-13 陶建华 The breeding method of the sexual seed of the bletilla striata and the sexual reproduction method of the bletilla striata
CN107094488A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-08-29 江口县旭辉生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of the bletilla striata
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CN105230412A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-01-13 中国科学院华南植物园 Biological-physical control method for spartina alterniflora
CN105532218A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-04 安徽世纪绿药生态农林有限公司 Bletilla striata planting technology
CN106818185A (en) * 2017-02-23 2017-06-13 陶建华 The breeding method of the sexual seed of the bletilla striata and the sexual reproduction method of the bletilla striata
CN107094488A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-08-29 江口县旭辉生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of the bletilla striata
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113475339A (en) * 2021-07-15 2021-10-08 贵州省植物园(贵州省园林科学研究所、贵州省植物研究所) Bletilla striata and millet intercropping planting method

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Application publication date: 20200717