CN103563627B - A kind of red sage root covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultural method - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of red sage root covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultural method, method is as follows: (1) mid-March, select smooth plot of not cultivated the red sage root, use sufficient whole ground after base manure, plot is made into ridge formula; (2) select red sage root seedling, field planting, waters after field planting, and rear earthing covers red sage root seedling completely; (3) select black thin film that ridge face is covered, compacting around; (4), after the red sage root is emerged, at dew, bud place cuts open film, makes red sage root seedling eject film, so that normal growth; (5), while growing to June, can gather in the crops seed; (6) grow to November, can gather in the crops the red sage root; Except using base manure, in whole growth course, do not topdress. The present invention has following useful effect: in the present invention, the planting type of the red sage root can significantly improve red sage root soil moisture and day and night temperature, improve the effect of red sage root photosynthesis assimilation, prevent weed growth, promote the formation of red sage root yield and quality, effectively subduing red sage root continuous cropping obstacle occurs, without other field management, increase medicinal herb grower's income whole breeding time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of red sage root covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultural method, belong to the agricultural planting field of new and high technology.
Background technology
The red sage root is Labiatae herbaceos perennial, is used as medicine with the root being dried. The medicinal material name red sage root, another name blood ginseng, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, redGinseng, red etc. Its bitter, cold nature; The thoughts of returning home, liver two warps. There is the functions such as timid phlegm, nourishing blood and tranquilization, swelling and pain relieving of invigorating blood circulation.Cure mainly coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, irregular menstruation, postpartum stasis blocking, pain due to blood stasis, too fat to move sore, vexed insomnia etc.Disease. The red sage root is Shandong genunie medicinal materials, along with the appearance of the increase of red sage root cultivated area and the problem such as kind is single, continuous cropping obstacle byGradually become the red sage root and produce the upper great technical barrier existing. Zhang Chen is exposed in " Effects of Continuous Cropping on Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth " literary composition and reportsRoad shows, the withered seedling rate in severe district, 2～4 years continuous cropping plot of the pale reddish brown red sage root is all higher than 61.7%, and average plant height declines 25%～39%,Root growth declines respectively 29.8% and 30.3%, and continuous cropping can make the red sage root underproduction 54.2% in 2 years, and the continuous cropping underproduction 51.8% in 3 years connectsDo the underproduction 85.6% in 4 years.
Through the literature search of prior art is found, the Patent Application Publication that Chinese Patent Application No. is 201210190622.6 oneThe implantation methods of kind of red sage root new varieties, this invent to plant be applicable to red sage root base, Shanglou and even the whole nation similar area plantation high yield,Stable yields, high-quality, disease-resistant, strong adaptability, the red sage root hybrid new breed that comprehensive agronomy proterties is good are main purpose; This invention instituteThe implantation methods Production Zones Suitable of the red sage root new varieties of stating is sandy soil, loam, level land, ground, gentle slope, hillside fields and is less than snugly 50%Underwood planting. The new varieties of seed selection are had outstanding performance at the Comprehensive Traits such as output, resistance, 968.84 kilograms of the fresh medicines of average yield per mu,Amount to 261.20 kilograms of dry medicines. In district's examination, do not find root knot nematode disease, root rot, droop diseased plant is few, presentsThe feature that disease resistance is good.
Chinese Patent Application No. a kind of cultural method of radix scrophulariae that has been 201210194606.4 Patent Application Publication, adopts ridge formula to plantTraining, increases surface area than conventional flat planting, increases light-receiving area, increase the interface of the soil body and atmosphere, and is conducive to piece rootExpand and field wet down draining, method is easy, easy operation control. By homalographic yield comparison, adopt described in this patent and cultivateThe annual per hectare of method can be gathered in the crops dry radix scrophulariae more than 7500 kilograms, improves 40% compared with conventional method output.
The Chinese Patent Application No. special Black Weeding Mulching Film of a kind of Chinese medicine that has been 201210155397.2 Patent Application Publication. Send outBrightly provide a kind of Chinese medicine special Black Weeding Mulching Film, can reach its service life more than 12 months, can reduce thus mulch film investment,Reduce agriculture production cost. And the whole growth of ensuring coverage medicinal material, growth, maturity period collect the rain moisture, insulation, anti-weedsFunctional effect.
Chinese Patent Application No. a kind of cultural method of the root of large-flowered skullcap that has been 201210298078.7 Patent Application Publication. Invention is adopted springBy covering with ground sheeting culture in small furrow technology, furrow face width 60～70cm, furrow furrow width 30～40cm, the little high furrow of high 10cm, processWhole ground, breeding, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, gather and process, preserve that the root of large-flowered skullcap quality making is good, output is high.
Hold up that victory is blue has delivered in " Henan Agricultural Sciences " (Vol.40, No.2,2011,128～130) that " difference is taken off film modeOn the impact of red sage root yield and quality ", research shows, takes covering with ground sheeting seedling stage at the red sage root, removes in time mulch film after turning green, canTo improve the yield and quality of the red sage root. A tight word has been delivered " black in " Jiangsu agricultural sciences " (No.4,2010,249～252)The impact of look covering with ground sheeting on balloonflower root root major traits ", research shows, black film mulching can improve the single fresh weight of balloonflower root, butLateral root number increases the presentation quality decline that causes balloonflower root root, is unsuitable for adopting between whole breeding time. If keep a full stand of seedings, can give birth toLong early stage, before lateral root forms, adopt and cover black film, remove as early as possible at Miao Qihou, prevent the increase of lateral root number, in order to avoid cause outward appearanceThe decline of quality. Dan Chenggang has delivered " impact of red sage root ridge culture on soil plough horizon temperature " in " journal of crops " (2012), knotReally show, red sage root ridge culture has not only improved ground temperature, has improved more significantly day effective accumulated temperature and the temperature difference, is conducive to red sage root root system rawLong; On the impact of different soil, there is some difference in different ridge culture in season, and ridge culture in spring can significantly improve effective accumulated temperature, summerCan significantly improve day and night temperature; Be subject to temperature variable effect, the fluctuation of soil shallow earth is violent, and deep ground temperature is more stable.
There is following defect or deficiency in above-mentioned technology: the first, and above technology is all taking the output of medicinal material and appearance character as basic object,Seldom relate to the quality of medicinal material. The second, the medicinal material needed film of growing is relevant to its kind, edaphic condition, environmental condition etc.,The material of film, thickness, color etc. need evidence. The 3rd, in ridge culture process, the root of the height on ridge, width and cropBe closely related. Can at present, in red sage root cultivation process, topmost problem be its continuous cropping obstacle, pass through the cultivation of mulch film ridge culturePattern is improved basic structure and the environmental condition of soil, thereby subdues the Soil-sickness Problem of the red sage root, improves output and the product of the red sage rootMatter increases the income of planting family as far as possible, promotes economy, social harmonious development, is a difficult problem of needing solution badly.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is taking Shandong genunie medicinal materials---and the red sage root is research object, according to the growth characteristics of the red sage rootWith the conditional request to environment, explore the optimal mode that is applicable to Shandong red sage root large area standardized cultivation, utilize cultivation mode to regulateThe Soil-sickness Problem of the red sage root, improves red sage root yield and quality, and inventive result will drive the structural readjustment of rural industry, in development zoneSpecialty economies aspect, territory plays very positive impetus.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of red sage root covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultural method, method is as follows:
(1) mid-March, select smooth plot of not cultivated the red sage root, use sufficient whole ground after base manure, plot is made into ridge formula;
(2) select red sage root seedling, according to the seeding row spacing field planting of 15～25cm, after field planting, water, rear earthing is by complete red sage root seedlingAll standing, soil thickness is 1～2cm;
(3) select black thin film that ridge face is covered, compacting around;
(4), after the red sage root is emerged, at dew, bud place cuts open film, makes red sage root seedling eject film, so that normal growth;
(5), while growing to June, can gather in the crops seed;
(6) grow to November, can gather in the crops the red sage root: red sage root overground part is cut off, film is removed, excavation red sage root rhizome;
In above-mentioned cultivation process, in step (1), use base manure, in whole growth course, do not topdress.
Further, described step (1) is specially: select smooth plot of not cultivated the red sage root, use sufficient whole ground after base manure,Plot is made into ridge formula, the wherein high 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 60cm, furrow width 20cm between ridge, at ridge face pit digging 2 row, line-spacing 20cm,Hole spacing is 20cm.
Further, the sowing amount of the base manure of described every mu is: fertilizer 2500～3000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30～50kg, potash fertilizer25kg。
Further, in described step (2), red sage root seedling obtains in the following manner: the results in June of the previous year are redThe seed in ginseng seedling field, admixes after screening in the furrow that fine sand is sprinkled into the wide 1m in field that grows seedlings, and furrow are irrigated in advance, and application rate is every mu 0.5Kg seed, after planting upper strata covers one deck fine earth, is advisable to lose seed; 20 DEG C～25 DEG C of soil temperatures, 15d～20d is emerged;When 3～April of next year, red sage root seedling had 3～4 pairs of blades, can transplant.
Further, in described step (2), the selection mode of red sage root seedling is: select robust growth, without disease and pest, colorThe red sage root seedling of scarlet, high 10～15cm, the thick 0.2～0.5cm in footpath.
Further, in described step (3), black thin film is PET material, black, and thickness is 0.1mm, width is 1500mm。
The red sage root belongs to Shandong genunie medicinal materials, has longer cultivation history, and traditional cultivation mode is the formula cultivation of single ridge, and soil is ploughedLayer is low, and temperature, humidity are affected by environment large, and soil environment changes violent. Adopt cultivation technique of the present invention, can effectively improveThe soil plough horizon degree of depth, increases day and night temperature, ensures the stable of soil moisture content, reduces the pace of change of Soil Micro-environment, promotesSalvia miltiorrhiza Growth, the incidence of disease of the insect pest of reduction soil-borne disease, epidemic disease, reduces the death rate in Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth process, effectively subdues the red sage rootContinuous cropping obstacle, improves red sage root yield and quality.
The present invention breaks Shandong real estate red sage root traditional cultivation pattern, creates Mulch Film Ridge formula cultivation means, and the culture cording of invention hasFollowing characteristic:
One: production cost is low, after red sage root results, mulch film can be reclaimed to non-environmental-pollution.
Two: use after mulch film, red sage root root and the isolation of overground part environment, rainfall and high temperature evaporation are not clear on soil moisture content impactAobvious, mulch film can keep soil moisture stable, covers after black mulch film the absorption of mulch film to sunlight, the temperature of red sage root soilCan sharply rise by day, because the soil types of red sage root planting area is sandy loam, heat-insulating property is poor, at the soil moisture at nightCan be sharply decline, thereby cause red sage root soil day and night temperature to become large, red sage root secondary metabolites synthetic played to certain promotion and doWith. Cultivation mode of the present invention can obviously improve red sage root underground part fresh weight and dry weight, improves 18.20% respectively than traditional cultivation patternWith 48.62%; The lower red sage root underground part of covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultivation is given money as a gift rate than traditional mode raising 23.08%, the overground part rate of giving money as a giftReduce 6.13%(table 1); The fat-soluble total component content of the red sage root is 5.11mgg-1, than the red sage root liposoluble under traditional cultivation patternProperty component content (3.23mgg-1) high 58.20%(table 2); In addition, the content of tanshin polyphenolic acid B and traditional cultivation patternCompare and also improve 16.06%(table 3).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: red sage root plantation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2: Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth schematic diagram (November).
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment red sage root covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultivation technique
Step is as follows:
(1) mid-March, selection of land and whole ground: select the plot that soil layer is deep, fertile, smooth, do not cultivate the red sage root; CompanionWith whole ground epipodium base manure, base manure is taking fertilizer as main, and every mu applies fertilizer 2500～3000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30～50kg, potassiumFertile 25kg. Use sufficient whole ground after base manure, plot is made into ridge formula, the wherein high 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 60cm, furrow width 20cm between ridge,At ridge face pit digging 2 row, line-spacing 20cm, hole spacing is 20cm.
(2) selection of red sage root seedling: select robust growth, without disease and pest, scarlet, the high 10～15cm of color, footpath thick 0.2～The red sage root seedling of 0.5cm. Select after red sage root seedling, according to the line-spacing on above-mentioned whole ground and hole spacing field planting, 1～2 strain of every hole (asShown in Fig. 1), after field planting, water (every strain 1～1.5L), rear earthing covers red sage root seedling completely, and soil thickness is 1～2cm.
Described red sage root seedling obtains in the following manner: gather in the crops the seed in the red sage root seedling field June of the previous year, after screeningAdmix in the furrow that fine sand is sprinkled into the wide 1m in field that grows seedlings, furrow are irrigated in advance, and application rate is every mu of 0.5kg seed, and after planting upper strata is coveredLid layer fine earth, is advisable to lose seed; 20 DEG C～25 DEG C of soil temperatures, 15d～20d is emerged; 3～April of next year red sage root childrenWhen having 3～4 pairs of blades, seedling can transplant.
(3) overlay film: in the top on ridge, periphery is compacting between ridge by black film mulching, described black thin film is PET material,Black, thickness is 0.1mm, width is 1500mm.
(4) emerge: after approximately 20 days, the red sage root is emerged, at dew, bud place cuts open film, makes red sage root seedling eject film, so thatNormal growth;
(5) collect seed: while growing to June, can gather in the crops seed, seed is used for cultivating red sage root seedling, and type of rearing is shown in step (2);
(6) gather: grow to November (as shown in Figure 2), can gather in the crops the red sage root: red sage root overground part is cut off, by filmRemove excavation red sage root rhizome, per mu yield 250～300kg dried food and nuts.
In above-mentioned cultivation process, in step (1), use base manure, in whole growth course, do not topdress, without other cultivation pipeReason measure.
Experimental example: adopt aforesaid way the red sage root is cultivated, meanwhile, taking traditional cultivation mode (traditional cultivation mode asSingle ridge formula cultivation, not overlay film), and without Mulch Film Ridge formula (except covering with plastic film not, the other the same as in Example 1) in contrast. ReceiveObtain after the red sage root content of statistics red sage root underground part fresh weight, dry weight, the fat-soluble total component content of the red sage root, tanshin polyphenolic acid B etc., resultAs shown in table 1, table 2, table 3.
Can find out by table 1, cultivation mode of the present invention can obviously improve red sage root underground part fresh weight and dry weight, respectively than traditionCultivation mode improves 18.20% and 48.62%; The red sage root underground part rate of giving money as a gift under the formula cultivation of covering with ground sheeting ridge improves than traditional mode23.08%, the overground part rate of giving money as a gift reduces by 6.13%; Can find out by table 2, the fat-soluble total component content of the red sage root is 5.11mgg-1，Than the fat soluble ingredient of red sage root content (3.23mgg under traditional cultivation pattern-1) high by 58.20%; In addition, by table 3Can find out, the content of tanshin polyphenolic acid B also improves 16.06% compared with traditional cultivation pattern.
The impact of the different cultivation modes of table 1 on Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth and output
Impact (the mgg of the different cultivation modes of table 2 on fat soluble ingredient of red sage root content-1）
Impact (the mgg of the different cultivation modes of table 3 on red sage root water soluble ingredient content-1）
Claims (4)
1. a red sage root covering with ground sheeting ridge formula cultural method, is characterized in that: method is as follows:
(1) mid-March, select smooth plot of not cultivated the red sage root, use sufficient whole ground after base manure, plot is made into ridge formula;
(2) select red sage root seedling, according to the seeding row spacing field planting of 15～25cm, after field planting, water, rear earthing covers red sage root seedling completely, and soil thickness is 1～2cm;
(3) select black thin film that ridge face is covered, compacting around;
(4), after the red sage root is emerged, at dew, bud place cuts open film, makes red sage root seedling eject film, so that normal growth;
(5) while growing to June, results seed;
(6) grow to November, the results red sage root: red sage root overground part is cut off, film is removed, excavation red sage root rhizome; In above-mentioned cultivation process, in step (1), use base manure, in whole growth course, do not topdress;
In described step (2), the selection mode of red sage root seedling is: select robust growth, without the red sage root seedling of disease and pest, scarlet, the high 10～15cm of color, the thick 0.2～0.5cm in footpath;
In described step (3), black thin film is PET material, black, and thickness is 0.1mm, width is 1500mm.
2. red sage root covering with ground sheeting according to claim 1 ridge formula cultural method, it is characterized in that: described step (1) is specially: select smooth plot of not cultivated the red sage root, use sufficient whole ground after base manure, plot is made into ridge formula, the wherein high 30cm in ridge, ridge face width 60cm, furrow width 20cm between ridge, at ridge face pit digging 2 row, line-spacing 20cm, hole spacing is 20cm.
3. red sage root covering with ground sheeting according to claim 1 ridge formula cultural method, is characterized in that: the sowing amount that described base manure is every mu is: fertilizer 2500～3000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30～50kg, potash fertilizer 25kg.
4. red sage root covering with ground sheeting according to claim 1 ridge formula cultural method, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), red sage root seedling obtains in the following manner: gather in the crops the seed in the red sage root seedling field June of the previous year, after screening, admix in the furrow that fine sand is sprinkled into the field of growing seedlings, furrow are irrigated in advance, application rate is every mu of 0.5kg seed, and after planting upper strata covers one deck fine earth; 20 DEG C～25 DEG C of soil temperatures, 15d～20d is emerged; When 3～April of next year, red sage root seedling had 3～4 pairs of blades, transplant.
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| JPS6443137A (en) * | 1987-08-11 | 1989-02-15 | Toshiyuki Tsujino | Method for cultivating root vegetables |
| CN1723754A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-25 | 黄立海 | Method for growing plant rosemary for extracting natural antioxidant and essential oil |
| CN102308713B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-12-12 | 四川逢春制药有限公司 | Artificial cultivation method for increasing content of active ingredients in roots, stems and blades of red-rooted sage |
| CN103262743B (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-08-20 | 四川逢春制药有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving continuous cropping yield and active ingredient content of salvia miltiorrhiza |
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