CN110313352A - A kind of Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings and nursery all-in-one machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings, including selection of land, fertilising, sowing, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and harvesting, wherein, 15 ㎝ plastic membrane overlay films are selected when sowing, seeding belt film spacing is 7-8 ㎝, seed is uniformly broadcasted sowing in film spacing soil by ditch, covers a small amount of fine earth on it, then cover kind of a press mold with clean fine sand；Timely thinning, weeding, fertilising in field management；According to different disease selections, suitable method carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Without carrying out hole-ground film process when nursery, 7-8 ㎝ drilling band ensures the mu amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, and emergence is early, goes out full stand, and seedling yield and quality greatly improves, and the gas permeability of soil is good, and seedling taproot is significantly reinforced, and improves waterlogging-resistant ability, and nothing macerates root seedling death phenomenon.This method can be carried out by mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine, realize entire mechanization or semi-mechanized operation, by overlay film, sowing, suppression, earthing, covered the processes such as sand and disposably completed, time saving and energy saving, seedling breeding efficiency greatly improves.

Description

A kind of seedling raising method of Chinese herbal medicine film mulching and integrated seedling raising machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting Chinese herbal medicines, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings of Chinese herbal medicines by mulching film and seedlings and an all-in-one machine for raising seedlings.

Background technique

The seedling area of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Longxi County can reach 55,000 mu per year, with a production of 30,000 tons of seedlings and 800 tons of seeds, with an output value of 500 million yuan. It is "an important high-quality seedling breeding base in the country". At present, there are 36 varieties of Chinese herbal medicine planted in the county, with a total output of 90,000 tons and an output value of 2.7 billion yuan, ranking first among counties and districts in the country. The county's Chinese herbal medicine planting mainly adopts the full-film flat-covering hole-sowing seedling raising technology. During the planting process, the planting area is first covered with film, and then the film is punched and sown. Although this technology is mature, stable and high-yield, it is widely used. However, there are also many thorny problems in the process of planting Chinese herbal medicines: (1) It takes a lot of time and manpower, the labor productivity is extremely low, the production cost of seedling breeding is high, the yield of seedlings is low, and the large-scale breeding of acres is basically a loss. (2) The taproot of the seedlings of the medicinal materials bred is poor, which affects the grade quality of the medicinal seedlings and the appearance quality of the finished medicine. (3) Too much rain can easily lead to root retting and soil-borne diseases. (4) The process is cumbersome, and operations such as manual film covering, drilling, seeding, soil covering, and sand covering must be carried out, and the labor intensity is high. (5) When raising seedlings, because the film needs to be punched first after covering the film, the planting soil must be very dry, otherwise the soil is relatively wet, and the soil will be seriously carried when punching, and the punching efficiency is extremely low, which is time-consuming and laborious. (6) There are many weeds after the seedlings are raised, which affects the growth of Chinese medicinal materials, and in the later stage, weeding needs to be carried out many times, which increases labor.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies pointed out in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a kind of method for growing seedlings by mulching film of Chinese medicinal materials, adopting 15cm wide polyethylene agricultural black mulching film, and the distance between film strips is 7-8cm as the planting area, forming the seedling raising of Chinese medicinal materials by mulching film , no drilling process is required, operations such as pressing, covering soil, and sand covering after seed sowing can be carried out as a whole, and the efficiency and seedling yield are greatly improved. The problem of dead seedlings can be solved, and the suitable area for seedling cultivation can be expanded, effectively suppressing weeds, saving time and effort.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A method for growing seedlings of Chinese herbal medicine film-mulched seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Site selection

Choose soil with deep soil layer, loose texture and good drainage;

(2) fertilization

Apply 2500kg～3000kg/666.7㎡ of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 4.2kg/666.7㎡ of phosphate fertilizer to the nursery field;

(3) Sowing

Select plump, insect-free, mildew-free, dark brown or gray-black new seeds that have not been treated with prohibited substances, and sow them from late April to early May. The sowing method is: first, use 15cm wide mulch to cover , the distance between the film strips is 7-8cm. After covering the film, spread the seeds evenly in the soil in the film space according to the groove, then suppress and cover the soil to cover the sown seeds, and then cover the trench with clean fine sand and cover the sand on both sides. lamination;

(4) Field management

Thin the seedlings when the seedling density is too high; weed in time after emergence to prevent waste seedlings; topdress nitrogen fertilizer 2.3kg666.7㎡ from June to August, or spray 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and amino acid leaves on the leaves Noodle fertilizer; water properly before overwintering;

(5) Pest control

①Root rot: prevent and control by agricultural control, soil treatment or pesticide control;

Agricultural prevention and control: the selection of land conforms to crop rotation and stubble, deep plowing before sowing, adding organic fertilizer, pulling out diseased plants in time, and disinfecting diseased holes with sulfur powder;

Soil treatment: soil treatment with copper acetate, carbendazim, matrine, phoxim;

Chemical control: in the early stage of the onset, apply oxafrost mancozeb or propamocarb propamocarb + hymexazol;

②Root-knot nematode

Soil disinfection with Abamectin and Fufuduo;

③Grubs: control by agricultural control or chemical control;

Agricultural control: deep plowing and drying of the previous crops after harvest, and application of decomposed organic fertilizers;

Chemical control: mix phoxim or chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate with water, mix it into organic fertilizer, and apply it into the tillage layer combined with plowing;

(6) Harvesting

After the soil is thawed in March of the following year, the seedlings are selected in a shaded and windless place after the seedlings are raised, and the sick seedlings, weak seedlings, rotten seedlings and seedlings bitten by insects are removed.

Preferably, in step (1), when selecting the land, select the land where the previous crop is corn, potato, wheat or broad bean.

Preferably, in step (3), the thickness of the covering soil is 0.5cm, the thickness of the covering sand is 1.5cm, and the width of the covering sand is 13cm.

In order to improve the taproot of medicinal material seedlings, and at the same time improve the operational efficiency of film covering, sowing, soil covering, sand covering, etc., the present invention further provides an all-in-one machine for film-mulching seedling cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, including a frame, a pressing wheel, a seed bucket, a soil Buckets and sand buckets, the pressing wheels, seed buckets, soil buckets and sand buckets are respectively arranged on the frame through the rotating shaft, seeding shaft, soil covering shaft and sand covering shaft in sequence from front to back, and the rotating shaft, seeding shaft , the earth-covering shaft and the sand-covering shaft are all equipped with sprockets, and the sprockets are connected by chain transmission. The front frame of the pressing wheel is horizontally and alternately provided with a plurality of plastic film placement areas and corresponding areas for sowing rows. The plastic film A plastic film shaft carrying a plastic film is set in the placement area, wheels are provided at the rear bottom of the frame, and a plurality of guide grooves, soil outlets and sand outlets are respectively provided at the bottom of the seed bucket, soil bucket and sand bucket. The guide groove, the soil outlet and the sand outlet correspond to the corresponding areas of the sowing rows in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the lateral width of the plastic film placed in the plastic film placement area is 15-16cm, the lateral width of the corresponding area of the sowing row is 7-8cm, the lower port of the guide groove is 3-4cm away from the ground, and the guide groove The transverse width is equal to or less than the transverse width of the corresponding area of the sowing row, and the excavation opening and sand outlet are slightly larger than the transverse width of the guide groove.

Preferably, the sand-covered shaft corresponding to the sand outlet is helically arranged with a sand-pulling piece to prevent sand from blocking the sand outlet, and a seeding groove is arranged on the sowing shaft corresponding to the guide groove , the two ends of the sowing shaft are connected with a transmission groove adjustment part to adjust the rotation speed of the sowing shaft, and a sprocket is arranged on the transmission groove of the transmission groove adjustment part.

Preferably, a scraper is provided on the rear frame of the pressing wheel, and the distance between the scraper and the pressing wheel is adjustable.

Preferably, a fixed rod is connected to the top of the mud scraper, threads are provided at both ends of the fixed rod, and both ends of the fixed rod are fixed to the frame behind the pressing wheel through nuts.

Preferably, the pressing wheel has a hollow structure to reduce the weight of the entire device.

Preferably, a handle is provided at the front end of the frame, and a movable protective cover is provided on the handle.

Compared with the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention adopts 15cm wide polyethylene agricultural mulch film, with a planting row spacing of 7-8cm, without the need for a punching process on the film, which is convenient for planting, and has low manpower input costs, and the 7-8cm strip can ensure the amount of seedlings per mu, and the seedlings emerge early and quickly The soil has good air permeability, the seedling yield is high, and the production cost of seedling breeding is low, which solves the problem of serious loss in artificial seedling breeding, effectively reduces the weeds after seedling breeding, and improves the ability of waterlogging resistance, and there is no problem of root dead seedlings , expanding the range of suitable areas for seedling breeding, and solving the contradiction between seedling breeding with drought resistance, easy operation, high quality and high yield. Adopting the all-in-one seedling raising machine of the present invention breaks the traditional fixed thinking of artificial seedling raising of Chinese herbal medicines, and can realize the whole process of mechanized or semi-mechanized operation, and complete the operation processes such as film covering, seeding, suppression, soil covering, and sand covering at one time, and the cumbersome seedling raising process Optimization and simplification, the efficiency of seedling breeding is increased by dozens of times, the quality of seedlings is greatly improved, labor and time are saved, and labor efficiency is greatly improved. Sowing of medicinal material varieties that are not suitable for hole sowing, seedling cultivation and direct seeding cultivation of other forest fruits, horticulture, grain and oil crops, etc.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a planting effect diagram of the method for growing seedlings of Chinese herbal medicines by film mulching provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an effect diagram of planting Astragalus membranaceus by the film-mulch strip-sowing seedling raising method and the full-film hole-sowing seedling raising method provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a field test diagram of the method for growing seedlings of Chinese herbal medicines by film mulching provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an all-in-one machine for film-mulching seedling cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a top view of an all-in-one machine for seedling seedling cultivation with film-mulched Chinese medicinal materials according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a side view of an all-in-one machine for seedling seedling cultivation with film-mulched Chinese medicinal materials provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the sowing shaft provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the sand-coated shaft provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the mud scraper provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-frame; 2-film placement area; 3-corresponding area for sowing rows; 4-film shaft; 5-repression wheel; 6-seeding bucket; 7-soil bucket; 10-seeding shaft; 11-soil covering shaft; 12-sand covering shaft; 13-chain; 14-wheel; 20-Nut; 21-Handle; 22-Protective sleeve; 23-Sowing groove;

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

Example 1

A method for growing seedlings of Chinese herbal medicine film-mulched seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Site selection

Choose soil with deep soil layer, loose texture and good drainage; crops such as corn, potato, wheat or broad bean are suitable for previous crops.

(2) fertilization

Apply 2500kg-3000kg/666.7㎡ of fully decomposed farmyard manure and 4.2kg/666.7㎡ of phosphate fertilizer to the nursery.

(3) Sowing

Choose plump, insect-free, mildew-free, dark brown or gray-black new seeds that have not been treated with prohibited substances. The storage time of seeds should not exceed 9 months. Sowing is carried out from late April to early May. The sowing method is as follows: first, use 15cm wide black plastic film to cover the film (white film can also be used), and the distance between the film belts is 7-8cm (that is, the drill belt), which is convenient for sowing. , Covering soil, covering sand and other operations, the data is used because the ratio of the sowing area to the area covered by plastic film is similar to that of full-film hole planting according to calculations, and multiple rows of film can be continued, and film covering can be completed at one time in calm weather. Sow the seeds evenly in the soil between the membranes according to the furrow, then cover the sown seeds with a thickness of 0.5cm, and then cover the ditch with clean fine sand, with a thickness of 1.5cm and a width of 13cm, so as to ensure that the fine sand can The plastic film on both sides is pressed down, and the covering soil and sand covering can be covered as a whole with the net.

(4) Field management

Thin the seedlings when the seedling density is too high; weed in time after emergence to prevent waste seedlings; topdress nitrogen fertilizer 2.3kg666.7㎡ from June to August, or spray 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and amino acid leaves on the leaves Noodle fertilizer; water properly before overwintering, and Gansu Salvia miltiorrhiza should be watered once before overwintering.

(5) Pest control

①Root rot: prevent and control by agricultural control, soil treatment or pesticide control;

Agricultural prevention and control: the selection of land conforms to crop rotation and stubble, deep plowing before sowing, adding organic fertilizer, pulling out diseased plants in time, and disinfecting diseased holes with sulfur powder;

Soil treatment: soil treatment with copper acetate, carbendazim, matrine, phoxim;

Chemical control: in the early stage of the onset, apply oxafrost mancozeb or propamocarb propamocarb + hymexazol;

②Root-knot nematode

Soil disinfection with Abamectin and Fufuduo;

③Grubs: control by agricultural control or chemical control;

Agricultural control: deep plowing and drying of the previous crops after harvest, and application of decomposed organic fertilizers;

Chemical control: mix phoxim or chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate with water, mix it into organic fertilizer, and apply it into the tillage layer combined with plowing;

(6) Harvesting

After the soil is thawed in March of the following year, the seedlings are selected in a shaded and windless place after the seedlings are raised, and the sick seedlings, weak seedlings, rotten seedlings and seedlings bitten by insects are removed.

Example 2

From March 2016 to October 2019, a test demonstration field was built in Longxi Medicine Garden, Dongjiabao Village, Shouyang Town, Longxi County. The test site is a water-irrigated sand with deep soil, flat terrain, loose soil, and good water permeability. Loamy soil, soil PH value 8.1, alkaline nitrogen 143mg/kg, available phosphorus 29.7mg/kg, available potassium 266.8mg/kg, organic matter 12.97g/kg. The seedling raising method of the embodiment and the traditional hole sowing seedling raising method of the embodiment were used to carry out comparative tests. The test varieties were astragalus, salvia miltiorrhiza, epimedium, etc., and deep plowing was carried out before the test, and the depth reached more than 35cm. Refer to Figure 1-3 for the field test results. Figure 1 is the planting effect of Astragalus membranaceus 15cm black film mechanical drill planting. Figure 2 is the comparison test planting effect of Astragalus membranaceus 15cm film seedling seedling method and full film hole planting method. Figure 3 is Salvia miltiorrhiza The field test diagram of the 15cm mulch seedling seedling method. Taking the experimental data of salvia miltiorrhiza planting as an example, the experimental field was divided into 2 different treatments during the planting process, and each treatment had 3 repeated plots, a total of 6 plots. The test year was drought, and treatment 1 was the control field. Hole-sowing treatments are recorded as T1, T2, and T3 respectively, and the technical standards are carried out according to the technical regulations for breeding seedlings of Chinese medicinal materials in full-film hole-sowed seedlings in Gansu Province; treatment 2 is an experimental field, which is treated with mechanized black-film drills, and is respectively A1, A2, and A3. The sowing amount per mu of each plot is 6kg, random block design, the area of the plot is 3m×4m=12m ² , the interval between plots is 0.2m, and the protection row is 1m. The test results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1: Comparison test data of Chinese herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza 15cm plastic film strip seeding and full film hole planting

It can be seen from Table 1 that compared with the method of seedling cultivation with full-film hole seeding, the average root length and heel diameter of the Chinese herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza were increased by the method of seedling seedling seedling drilling, and it was observed that the seedlings in the test field had stronger disease resistance and tap rooting. When the sowing amount is the same as that of the whole film hole sowing, the yield of Chinese herbal medicine planted by the method of seedling seedling is similar in drought years, and the difference is within 4%. In addition, the production of Salvia miltiorrhiza in another group of control fields and experimental fields was recorded in years with more rainfall. The control fields and experimental fields were divided into three groups of repeated plots. , the technical standard is implemented according to the technical regulations for seedling breeding of Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu Province; the experimental field is treated with mechanized black film drill, which are A4, A5, and A6, and the seeding rate per mu of each plot is 6 kg. , the plot area is 3m×4m=12m ² , the plot spacing is 0.2m, and the protection line is 1m. The test results are shown in Table 2:

Table 2: Yield comparison of Chinese herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza with 15cm mulch film seedling seedling cultivation method and full film hole sowing seedling cultivation method

It can be seen from Table 2 that the seedling yield of Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza increased significantly in years with more rainfall, and the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza planted with mechanized black-film row seedlings was 15.6% higher than that of full-film hole-planted seedlings. Taper roots are stronger.

Example 3

Referring to Figures 4-6, the processes of film covering, sowing, soil covering, and sand covering in the above-mentioned method for raising seedlings by mulching film strip sowing of Chinese medicinal materials can be carried out through the integrated machine for film mulching seedling seedling cultivation. , seed bucket 6, soil bucket 7 and sand bucket 8, and pressing wheel 5, seed bucket 6, soil bucket 7 and sand bucket 8 pass through rotating shaft 9, seeding shaft 10, covering soil shaft 11 and sand covering shaft 12 according to the order from front to back respectively The order is installed on the frame 1 successively, and " front and back " referred to here refers to that when the all-in-one machine drills seedlings, the advancing direction is " the front ", and the retreating direction is " the back ". The rotating shaft 9, the seeding shaft 10, the soil-covering shaft 11 and the sand-covering shaft 12 are all provided with sprockets, wherein the two ends of the seeding shaft are connected with a transmission groove adjustment part 24, and the transmission groove adjustment part 24 is specifically composed of a plurality of coaxial and sequentially arranged Conveying troughs of different sizes, sprockets are installed on the conveying troughs, and the sprockets on each shaft are connected by chains 13. Since the diameters of the conveying troughs are different, the rotation speed of the sowing shaft is adjusted in different conveying troughs through the chain connection. Then adjust the seeding rate. On the front frame 1 of the pressing wheel 5, a plurality of plastic film placement areas 2 and corresponding areas 3 of sowing rows are horizontally and alternately arranged. The lateral width of the plastic film placement area 2 is 15-16cm. The plastic film shaft 4 carrying the plastic film is set in the plastic film placement area 2. The plastic film shaft 4 can be rotated and fixed on the frame 1 after passing through each plastic film placement area 2. The 15cm wide plastic film with the same number as the plastic film placement area 2 is put on the plastic film shaft 4, the horizontal width of the corresponding area 3 of the sowing row is 7-8cm, and the bottoms of the seed bucket 6, the soil bucket 7 and the sand bucket 8 are respectively equipped with guide grooves 15. The number of unearthed opening 16 and sand outlet 17, guide groove 15, unearthed opening 16 and sand outlet 17 is the same as the number of sowing row corresponding area 3, and the number of sowing row corresponding area 3, guide groove 15, and unearthed opening 16 One-to-one correspondence (shown in Figure 5) with the sand outlet 17 in the vertical direction; Horizontal width: Corresponding to the sand-covering shaft 12 at the sand outlet 17, there are helically arranged sand-discharging plates to prevent sand from blocking the sand outlet 17 during the sand-coating process, corresponding to the seeding shaft 10 at the guide groove 15 A sowing groove 23 is arranged on the top, and the herbal medicine seeds fall into the sowing groove 23 during sowing, and then the seeds are sprinkled by the rotation of the sowing shaft 10. Similarly, similar ones can also be set on the soil covering shaft 11 corresponding to the excavation port 16. Slot bars, through which fine soil is spread. The lower port of guide groove 15 is apart from ground 3-4cm, and guide groove 15 is in order to sow Chinese herbal medicine seed, and the dry fine soil in soil bucket 7 is spread on the ground after sowing seed by outlet opening 16, and sand outlet opening 17 is used for The gravel in the sand bucket 8 is spread on the ground behind the soil covering. The rear bottom of the frame 1 is provided with wheels 14, and when the all-in-one machine moves, the wheels 14 rotate. The pressing wheel 5 is used to flatten the soil covered with plastic film and to be sown. In order to reduce the weight of the whole equipment, the pressing wheel 5 is a hollow structure; in addition, in order to prevent the pressing wheel 5 from adhering to the soil during the rotation process and affecting its normal use, A scraper 18 is arranged on the rear frame 1 of the pressing wheel 5, the distance between the scraper 18 and the pressing wheel 5 can be adjusted, and the specific adjustment structure of the scraper 18 can be as follows: Top is connected with fixed rod 19, can adopt the mode of integral molding or welding, the two ends of fixed rod 19 are longer than the two ends of scraper 18, thread is set at the two ends of fixed rod 19, the two ends of fixed rod 19 are screwed on In the threaded hole on the frame 1, after adjusting the appropriate distance between the mud scraper 18 and the pressing wheel 5, it is fixed on the frame 1 behind the pressing wheel 5 through a nut 20. The front end of the frame 1 is provided with a handle 21 , and a movable protective cover 22 is provided on the handle 21 .

The working principle of the above-mentioned mulch film seedling and seedling all-in-one machine:

Put a 15cm black film on the mulch shaft 4 in each mulch placement area 2, and put Chinese herbal medicine seeds, soil, and gravel in the seed hopper 6, soil hopper 7 and sand hopper 8 respectively. Pull the handle 21 by manpower or hang the handle 21 on the power car to pull the all-in-one machine, so that the pressing wheel 5 does not contact the ground, and the rotating shaft 9, the seeding shaft 10, the soil covering shaft 11 and the sand covering shaft 12 do not rotate. At this time, the guide Groove 15, soil outlet 16 and sand outlet 17 are closed by seeding shaft 10, soil covering shaft 11 and sand covering shaft 12 respectively. When growing seedlings, adjust the height of the pull handle 21 so that the pressing wheel contacts the seed ground, bury the black film starting end in the soil, pull the all-in-one machine to move forward, and the pressing wheel 5 rolls forward to flatten the soil covered with the black film and suppress When the wheel 5 rotates, the rotating shaft 9 rotates, and the sprocket wheel and the chain 13 on it jointly drive the sowing shaft 10 and the soil covering shaft 11 to rotate, so that the seeds of Chinese medicinal materials are planted in the soil at the film distance from the lower port of the guide groove 15, and then the soil bucket The soil in 7 is covered with all kinds of seeds, and the covering soil shaft 11 is connected with the transmission of 12 transmissions of covering sand by conveyer belt or chain again, makes the gravel in the sand bucket 8 spread on the soil through the sand outlet 17 then. The entire seedling raising process does not need to be drilled, and the drill planting of Chinese herbal medicine is realized, and the operations such as film covering, seeding, soil covering, and sand covering are completed at one time, saving time and effort, and greatly improving the efficiency of seedling breeding. After sowing, the top layer of the seeds is covered with sand and gravel, which can not only resist drought, but also improve the ability to resist waterlogging. There is no problem of root dead seedlings, and the suitable area for seedling cultivation is expanded.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings, which comprises the steps of:

(1) selection of land

Selection soil layer is deep, quality is loose, well-drained soil；

(2) it applies fertilizer

Nursery applies abundant well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg~3000kg/666.7 ㎡, phosphate fertilizer 4.2kg/666.7 ㎡；

(3) it sows

Full, free from insect pests, the new seed without banned substance processing without mildew, dark brown or grey black are selected, in late April The first tenday period of a month in~May are sowed, type of seeding are as follows: select 15 ㎝ plastic membrane overlay films first, film strips spacing is 7-8 ㎝, after overlay film Seed is uniformly broadcasted sowing in film spacing soil by ditch, then suppression, earthing cover the seed of sowing, then are covered with clean fine sand Sand seal ditch covers sand two sides press mold；

(4) field management

Seedling density answers thinning when excessive；Timely weeding after emergence, to prevent waste seedling；6~August Nitrogen Top Dressing 2.3kg666.7 ㎡, Or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acid foliage fertilizer that leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.4%；Suitable quantity of water is poured before overwintering；

(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

1. root rot: being prevented and treated using the method for cultural control, soil treatment or chemical control；

Cultural control: selection of land meets crop rotation, ploughed deeply before sowing sun the earth which has been ploughed up, applying organic manure, pull out diseased plant in time, use sulphur powder Sterilize sick cave；

Soil treatment: soil treatment is carried out with copper acetate, carbendazim, matrine, phoxim；

Chemical control: white MnZn or propionamide Propamocarb+hymexazol are disliked in early stage application；

2. root knot nematode disease

Carry out soil disinfection with avermectin, happy lot more；

3. grub: being prevented and treated using the method for cultural control or chemical prevention；

Cultural control: it ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up after preceding crop harvest, apply decomposed manure；

Chemical prevention: phoxim or chlorpyrifos ec are watered, and are admixed in organic fertilizer, are applied in arable layer in conjunction with ploughing；

(6) it harvests

3 lunar regolith of next year carries out after thawing, and selects seedling at the calm place of concealment after lifting, rejects sick seedling, crosses weak seedling, rotten seedling and insect bite Seedling.

2. Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), when the selection of land Select preceding crop for the soil of corn, potato, wheat or semen viciae fabae.

3. Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), the earthing is thick Degree is 0.5 ㎝, covers sand with a thickness of 1.5 ㎝, covering sand width is 13 ㎝.

4. a kind of Chinese medicine mulch item applied in the described in any item Chinese medicine mulch drilling method for culturing seedlings of claim 1-3 Nursery all-in-one machine, including rack, press wheel, kind bucket, soil bucket and sand hopper are broadcast, the press wheel, kind bucket, soil bucket and sand hopper lead to respectively It crosses shaft, sowing shaft, earthing axis and covers sand axis and be set in turn in rack according to order from front to back, the shaft, sowing It axis, earthing axis and covers and is equipped with sprocket wheel on sand axis, the sprocket wheel is connected by chain drive, in the front rack of the press wheel It is laterally alternately equipped with multiple mulch rest areas area corresponding with sowing row, the mulch of setting carrying mulch in the mulch rest area Axis, the bottom-rear of the rack are equipped with wheel, and the bottom of described kind of bucket, soil bucket and sand hopper is respectively equipped with multiple guide grooves, is unearthed Mouth and sand export, the guide groove, soil outlet and sand export are corresponding with the corresponding area of sowing row in the longitudinal direction.

5. Chinese medicine mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that put in the mulch rest area The transverse width for setting mulch is 15-16cm, and the transverse width in the corresponding area of sowing row is 7-8cm, the lower port of the guide groove Away from ground 3-4cm, the transverse width of the guide groove is equal to or less than the transverse width in the corresponding area of sowing row, the soil outlet and goes out Sand mouth is slightly larger than the transverse width of guide groove.

6. Chinese medicine mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that corresponding to the institute at sand export State cover helical arrangement on sand axis have bulky Sam dial sand pieces, prevent sand block sand export, corresponding in the sowing shaft at guide groove It is provided with sowing groove, the both ends of the sowing shaft are connected with conveying trough adjustment portion, to adjust the revolving speed of sowing shaft, the transmission Sprocket wheel is set on the conveying trough of slot adjustment portion.

7. Chinese medicine mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the rear frame of the press wheel Body is equipped with cleaning shoe, and the distance between the cleaning shoe and press wheel are adjustable.

8. Chinese medicine mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that connect at the top of the cleaning shoe It is connected to fixed link, the both ends of the fixed link are equipped with screw thread, and press wheel rear is fixed on by nut in the both ends of the fixed link Frame body on.

9. Chinese medicine mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the press wheel is hollow knot Structure.

10. Chinese medicine mulch drilling nursery all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the front end of the frame body is set There is handle, the handle is equipped with mobilizable protective case.