LU503406B1 - Cutting propagation method of guiding yunwu tea suitable for karst area - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method of guiding yunwu tea suitable for karst area Download PDFInfo
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- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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Abstract
Disclosed is a cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas, including: 1. selecting tree species; 2. preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3-4 parts of mixed soil sample, 4-6 parts of edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of silkworm excrement and 3-4 parts of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2-3 parts of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.0-5.5 to prepare cutting substrate soil, and paving the cutting substrate soil in a wooden box for later use; 3. preparing cutting seedlings; 4. cutting; and 5. cutting management. The invention improves the cutting growth speed of the Guiding Yunwu tea, stabilizes survival rate, and reduces the cost, playing a soil and water conservation function in the Karst area lacking water, realizing the large-scale planting of the Guiding Yunwu tea in the Karst area.
Description
DESCRIPTION LU503406
CUTTING PROPAGATION METHOD OF GUIDING YUNWU TEA SUITABLE FOR
KARST AREA
The invention relates to a cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for Karst area, belonging to the technical field of pre-cutting propagation of tea plants.
As early as the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Guiding Yunwu tea, has become a fine tribute tea. In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, “Guiyang House Records” (Food
Volume) recorded: “all genera in Guizhou Province produce tea, and Guiding Yunwu is the most famous”, and it became one of the eight famous teas in China during the Qing
Dynasty. Guiding Yunwu tea is regarded as a tribute as early as the Yuan Dynasty, and it is a rare and valuable variety of tea. Guiding Yunwu tea is mainly produced in the middle of the Yunwu Mountain at an altitude of more than 1,560 meters in Guiding County,
Guizhou Province. Guiding Yunwu tea, as the best tea, is determined by local Guiding
Yunwu species with high grade, excellent quality and good physical and chemical indexes. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, it started from primitive ancient tea trees to artificial cultivation, and created a series of famous teas, which became tributes in the Qing Dynasty. Before the 1970s, it was difficult for ordinary residents to taste them because of the low output.
The amino acid composition of Guiding Yunwu tea is mainly those that increase the flavor and sweetness of the tea, accounting for more than 90%; leucine is the main component of Guiding Yunwu tea, accounting for 54.94%-78.05% of the total amino acids. The “Guiding Xueya Tea” made from Guiding Yunwu Tea is bitter at the beginning of brewing because of its high catechin content, but its high amino acid conteht/503406 increases the umami taste and sweetness of the tea soup.
Guiding Yunwu tea is one of the top ten famous teas in Guizhou Province, playing an important role in the local economic and social development. Its development is of great significance to the revitalization of the whole tea economy in Guizhou Province
As a unique ecosystem, Karst ecosystem is different from non-karst areas in topography, geomorphology, hydrothermal conditions, site conditions of vegetation and soil development conditions. Because of the special geological and climatic conditions, this area has small environmental capacity, weak anti-interference ability, low stability and poor self-adjustment ability. In addition, the soil environment in Karst area has the basic characteristics of bedrock exposure, small soil stock, discontinuous distribution, complex and diverse micro-landforms, discontinuous shallow soil layer and scattered soil distribution. Due to the large surface undulation, serious soil erosion and stone exposure in karst mountainous areas, the Karst area has been subjected to strong chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks for a long time, resulting in a surface-underground double-layer spatial structure, and being prone to soil loss and soil degradation under the action of heavy rainfall.
In recent years, people’s demand for tea is increasing day by day. In order to expand the area of cultivated varieties and improve the yield and quality, local farmers do not pay attention to science and technology and blindly expand the tea planting area, which not only fail to play a good yield effect, but also cause frequent occurrence of soil erosion and other hazards, seriously damage the natural ecological environment.
At present, the traditional cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu Tea is covered with film for heat preservation. This propagation method usually uses untreated mother tree resources for cutting, which is easy to rot roots, has low survival rate and high cutting propagation cost. Another cutting propagation method is to use tea tree branches to take short cuttings for propagation, that is, to put tea tree explants on outdoor common culture medium for propagation. In order to promote cutting seedlings to take root and survive as soon as possible, the seedlings are soaked in raw root powder mixed with water for 3 hours before cutting. Although this cutting propagation method makes cutting seedlings take root and survive as soon as possible, the cutting/503406 seedlings may not absorb nutrients in the soil, and the cutting growth rate is slow and the survival rate is unstable.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a cutting propagation method of the Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for Karst areas; the method improves the cutting growth speed of the Guiding Yunwu tea, stabilizes the survival rate, reduces the cost, and plays a role in soil and water conservation in Karst areas lacking water.
The technical scheme of the invention for achieving the above objectives is: a cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas, including the following steps: (1) selecting tree species: taking the Guiding Yunwu population species as a provenance parent, breeding and identifying a single plant, and expanding and breeding an excellent single plant variety as a tea tree seedling bred by the provenance; (2) preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3-4 parts of mixed soil sample, 4-6 parts of edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of silkworm excrement and 3-4 parts of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2-3 parts of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.0-5.5 to prepare cutting substrate soil, and paving the cutting substrate soil in a wooden box for later use, wherein a depth of laying the cutting substrate soil in the wooden box is not less than 10 cm, wherein the mixed soil sample is formed by mixing 10 parts by mass of humic acid soil under Karst mountain and 1-3 parts by mass of Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau; (3) preparing cutting seedlings: cutting short spikes with a length of 3-4 cm from tea seedlings before sprouting in spring every year, leaving a leaf at the top of the short spikes, cutting off branches with leaves in the middle of the short spikes, making the cuttings smooth, wherein an oblique direction of the cutting mouth is the same as the leaf direction, cutting the branches into small oblique mouth sections of 1.0-1.5 cm, adding
1000 mL of distilled water to the root powder and liquid puffball fungus according to l&J503406 mass ratio of 1:2.5-3.5, stirring evenly to prepare soaking solution, soaking the short spikes in the soaking solution for at least 3 h before cutting; (4) cutting: watering wet the box surface with water 1-2 h before cutting, smoothing the soil on the box surface, cutting the trimmed short spikes on the cutting substrate soil according to a plant spacing of 3-5 cm and a row spacing of 5-8 cm, exposing the leaves of each short spike and making them face the downwind direction; watering the root water and shading with a shading net after cutting; (5) cutting management: (D watering: at the initial stage of cutting, watering the seedlings once a day to thoroughly water the soil of the cutting seedlings until the cutting seedlings take root; ©) weeding: weeding as long as there are weeds in the seedbed: © topdressing: starting topdressing when the cutting seedlings grow to 4 leaves, and carrying out topdressing for 5-8 times during the growth period; @ uncovering film: training the seedlings by uncovering the shade net when the leaves of the cutting seedlings grow to four; uncovering the film from the two ends at noon when the weather is dry, covering the film at night, and fully uncovering the film after a week of adaptation; and © transplanting: transplanting the tea seedlings into a field in humic acid soil after the cutting seedlings grow for 30-40 days, pruning the roots of the tea seedlings before transplanting, dipping the pruned roots in mud mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, putting the tea seedlings into holes, burying them in the soil, stepping on the soil, watering them, applying high-quality manure to each plant for more than 10 kg, and then carrying out routine field management and pest control in the later stage.
According to the cutting propagation method of the Guiding Yunwu tea, the Guiding
Yunwu population species is taken as the parent of the provenance, and the excellent single plant species are propagated as the tea seedlings propagated by the provenance after single plant breeding and identification, so that the tea seedlings with good growth, strong stress resistance and excellent economic characters are selected purposefully, and the propagation survival rate is improved. According to the invention, the cutting substrate adopts soil with a special proportion, and adopts a mixed soil sample formed/503406 by mixing humic acid soil under the Karst Mountain and Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau, so that plants adapt to the growing soil microenvironment in advance. According to the invention, the mixed soil sample is evenly mixed with edible fungus residues, silkworm excrement and rice bran shells, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted by mixing the
Lonicera hypoglauca residues, so that the acidity and alkalinity suitable for the growth of soil microorganisms are provided, soil nutrients are continuously improved for cutting seedlings, sufficient fertility support for the subsequent growth of plants is provided, soil permeability is also increased, the root system of crops breathe, and the root rot phenomenon is greatly reduced. The cutting substrate of the invention is convenient to obtain materials, and the source of propagation materials is wide and reliable, reducing the production cost by 30% and increasing it by 5-10% compared with the traditional method; the cutting substrate overcomes the defects of the existing cutting propagation technology of the Guiding Yunwu tea, such as complexity, slow speed, small quantity, high cost and the like. According to the invention, root powder, liquid puffball fungus and distilled water are used to prepare a soaking solution, and short spikes are soaked in the soaking solution for at least 3 h before cutting; because the cutting substrate adopts special soil including humic acid soil, the growth environment of liquid puffball fungus is provided; the root system of crops is significantly increased through liquid puffball fungus, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil by the root system is obviously promoted, so that the root system is further developed; the developed root system enables the cutting seedlings to grow well, and the growth speed and the growth rate are improved. The tea seedlings of the invention are transplanted into a field of humic acid soil in Karst area, and the humic acid soil plays a role in strengthening crop roots, so that the tea seedling root system forms a cobweb root system, the humic acid that is the most active in the soil humus is stabilized, and water absorption and fertilizer conservation are realized for the soil, achieving water and soil conservation in Karst areas lacking water. By adopting the cutting propagation method of the Guiding Yunwu tea, a large-scale planting of the Guiding Yunwu tea in Karst areas is realized, and the large-scale and industrialized production of the Guiding Yunwu tea are realized,
particularly suitable for efficient cultivation in Karst areas, providing a road for farmers InJ503406
Guizhou Karst mountainous areas to get rich.
A cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas, including the following steps: (1) selecting tree species: taking the Guiding Yunwu population species as a provenance parent, breeding and identifying a single plant, and expanding and breeding an excellent single plant variety as a tea tree seedling bred by the provenance; according to the production economic characters and clonal breeding characteristics of various varieties in the Guiding Yunwu tea group, tea seedlings with good growth, strong stress resistance and good economic characteristics are purposely selected; a single plant of Guiding Yunwu species, a good variety of medium and early maturity and suitable for producing famous and high-quality green tea “Guiding Yunwu Tribute Tea”, is selected as the source of the mother tree of tea for cultivation, and the tea seedlings are obtained. (2) Preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3-4 parts of mixed soil sample, 4-6 parts of edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of silkworm excrement and 3-4 parts of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2-3 parts of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.0-5.5 to prepare cutting substrate soil; through the the cutting substrate soil, the acidity and alkalinity suitable for the growth of soil microorganisms are provided, soil nutrients are continuously improved for cutting seedlings, sufficient fertility support for the subsequent growth of plants is provided, soil permeability is also increased, the root system of crops breathe, and the root rot phenomenon is greatly reduced. The mixed soil sample of the invention is formed by mixing 10 parts by mass of humic acid soil under Karst mountain and 1-3 parts by mass of Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau, so that plants adapt to the growing soil microenvironment in advance.
The cutting substrate of the invention is prepared by uniformly mixing 3.5 parts 68503406 mixed soil sample, 5 parts of edible fungus residues, 2.5 parts of silkworm excrement and 3.5 parts of rice bran shells, adding 2.5 parts of Flos Lonicerae residues to mix, controlling the soil pH to 4.5, and mixing the mixed soil sample with 10 parts of humic acid soil under Karst Mountain and 2 parts of Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau. In the invention, the cutting substrate soil is paved in a wooden box for standby, and the depth of laying the cutting substrate soil in the wooden box is not less than 10 cm. (3) Preparing cutting seedlings: cutting short spikes with a length of 3-4 cm from tea seedlings before sprouting in spring every year, leaving a leaf at the top of the short spikes, cutting off branches with leaves in the middle of the short spikes, making the cuttings smooth, wherein an oblique direction of the cutting mouth is the same as the leaf direction, cutting the branches into small oblique mouth sections of 1.0-1.5 cm, adding 1000 mL of distilled water to the root powder and liquid puffball fungus according to a mass ratio of 1:2.5-3.5, stirring evenly to prepare a soaking solution; in the invention, 1000 mL of distilled water is added to the root powder and liquid puffball fungus according to a mass ratio of 1:3, and they are stirred evenly to prepare the soaking solution; the short spikes are soaked in the soaking solution for at least 3 h and then the cutting is carried out.
Humic acid soil provides a natural culture medium for the later growth of puffball fungus, and promotes nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil to be absorbed by the root system of short spike, not only solving the problem that the infection rate of liquid puffball fungus is not high and it is easy to cause the death of cutting seedlings, but also promoting the efficient symbiosis of Guiding Yunwu tea and puffball fungus to utilize soil nutrients, to promote the rooting and survival of cutting seedlings as soon as possible. The puffball fungus liquid strain disclosed in ZL201410082599.8 is adopted. (4) Cutting: watering wet the box surface with water 1-2 h before cutting, smoothing the soil on the box surface, cutting the trimmed short spikes on the cutting substrate soil according to a plant spacing of 3-5 cm and a row spacing of 5-8 cm, exposing the leaves of each short spike and making them face the downwind direction; in order to avoid damaging the cutting mouth during cutting, the surface soil is pressed by rolling method,
so that after the mud layer is tightly bound, the direction of the short spikes are fixed thyJ503406 hand, making the soil fully contact with the short spikes, until the short spikes are not lift with a little force by hand; the root water is watered and a shading net is established after cutting. (5) Cutting management: (D watering: at the initial stage of cutting, watering the seedlings once a day to thoroughly water the soil of the cutting seedlings until the cutting seedlings take root, and the cutting seedlings take root in 8-10 days. ©) Weeding: weeding as long as there are weeds in the seedbed; holding down the tea seedlings with one hand when the weeds are weeded, and gently weeding weeds with the other hand, so as not to affect the cutting seedlings. @) Topdressing: starting topdressing when the cutting seedlings grow to 4 leaves, and carrying out topdressing for 5-8 times during the growth period. @ Uncovering film: training the seedlings by uncovering the shade net when the leaves of the cutting seedlings grow to four; uncovering the film from the two ends at noon when the weather is dry, covering the film at night, and fully uncovering the film after a week of adaptation; adjusting the film uncovering according to the weather conditions. © Transplanting: transplanting the tea seedlings into a field in humic acid soil after the cutting seedlings grow for 30-40 days, pruning the roots of the tea seedlings before transplanting, dipping the pruned roots in mud mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to improve the survival rate of transplanting, putting the tea seedlings into holes, burying them in the soil, stepping on the soil, watering them, applying high-quality manure to each plant for more than 10 kg, and then carrying out routine field management and pest control in the later stage.
The invention carries out soil preparation and fertilization on the fields of humic acid soil before the tea seedlings are transplanted. The soil preparation is divided into two steps: the first soil land preparation: removing weeds in the topsoil, disinfecting, and carrying out deep ploughing, with a depth of more than 25 cm; the second soil preparation: ploughing deeply before the seedbed is made, about 15-20 cm, with the soil block fine and leveled. Making ridge-bed: the direction of the seedbed is longitudingU503406 (downwind) according to the trend of the plot; generally, the field is better in the east-west direction; before making ridge-bed, the soil should be disinfected with insecticides and fungicides; the ridge-bed should be opened at a height of 1.5 m, with a width of 1.0 m, a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 0.15 m, and a length of no more than 20 m; after the ridge-bed is made, 10-cm thick subsoil is spread on the ridge-bed surface, and the subsoil is leveled and lightly compacted for later use. Base fertilizer is applied one month before seedlings are transplanted, such as applying 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.3 kg of green manure, 0.2 kg of organic waste such as cake and 30 g of biological bacterial fertilizer to the bottom of each hole, 20-30 g of soil water-retaining agent and 5-10 g of bacterial cellulose are added after fertilization, and the topsoil is backfilled with a thickness of 20 cm.
Conventional field management shall be carried out after the transplanting of cutting seedlings. Weeding shall be carried out 3 times in the year of planting, and fertilization shall be applied 2 to 3 times after transplanting. Fertilization shall be applied twice in
April to September in the first three years after planting, the first time in the middle of
April to the first ten days of May, and the second time in the early autumn. When a pit or a ditch is dug to fertilize, a 15-cm wide ditch is dug 20 cm from the diameter base of each tree to apply fertilizer. Generally, 2-3 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer shall be applied to 500 square meters. Pruning shall be conducted regularly in the winter of the second year of planting, once a year.
After transplanting, cutting seedlings should be prevented from pests and diseases, and trimmed regularly to increase the ventilation and light transmittance between rows of
Guiding Yunwu tea, to reduce the occurrence of botrytis blight. At the same time, burying waste tea branches, diseased vines, diseased leaves and diseased tissues in deeper soil layers increases their rot degree, reduces the survival rate of pathogens and reduces the primary infection source of the next year. During the dormancy period, the pests on the awning surface are generally sprayed on the awning surface, and the pests in the middle and lower parts of the Guiding Yunwu tea bush are sprayed with low-volume spray on the side; the lime-sulfur mixture with 4-5 baume degrees is sprayed once or twice to prevent stem rot. The damage of the root system of Guiding Yunwu tdaJ503406 should be avoided in the process of cultivation management, and the soil should be disinfected before planting in order to prevent the occurrence of root cancer. Timely removal of dead leaves of Guiding Yunwu tea, eradication of weeds around Guiding
Yunwu tea, and concentration of leaves and weeds as compost eliminate the bacterial sources of various leaf diseases, destroy the wintering sites of various pests, and reduce the wintering survival rate of pests. In October and March, the trunk of Guiding Yunwu tea is sprayed with the lime-sulfur mixture of 5 baume degrees twice respectively, and the stem rot of Guiding Yunwu tea is also cured.
Embodiment 1
A cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas of the invention, including: (1) selecting tree species: taking the Guiding Yunwu population species as a provenance parent, breeding and identifying a single plant, and expanding and breeding an excellent single plant variety as a tea tree seedling bred by the provenance; (2) preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3.5 kg of mixed soil sample, 5 kg of edible fungus residues, 2.5 kg of silkworm excrement and 3.5 kg of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2.5 kg of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.5 to prepare cutting substrate soil, and paving the cutting substrate soil in a wooden box with a length of 40 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a height of 12 cm for later use, wherein a depth of laying the cutting substrate soil in the wooden box is 11 cm, wherein the mixed soil sample is formed by mixing 10 kg of humic acid soil under Karst mountain and 1.5 kg of Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau; (3) preparing cutting seedlings: cutting short spikes with a length of 3 cm from tea seedlings before sprouting in spring every year, leaving a leaf at the top of the short spikes, cutting off branches with leaves in the middle of the short spikes, making the cuttings smooth, wherein an oblique direction of the cutting mouth is the same as the leaf direction, cutting the branches into small oblique mouth sections of 1.5 cm, adding 1000 mL of distilled water to 10 g of root powder and 30 g of liquid puffball fungus, stirring evenly to prepare soaking solution, soaking the short spikes in the soaking solution fbt/503406 3.8 h before cutting;
(4) cutting: watering wet the box surface with water 2 h before cutting, smoothing the soil on the box surface, cutting the trimmed short spikes on the cutting substrate soil according to a plant spacing of 4 cm and a row spacing of 6 cm, exposing the leaves of each short spike and making them face the downwind direction; in order to avoid damaging the cutting mouth during cutting, the surface soil is pressed by rolling method, so that after the mud layer is tightly bound, the direction of the short spikes are fixed by hand, making the soil fully contact with the short spikes, until the short spikes are not lift with a little force by hand; the root water is watered and a shading net is established after cutting;
(5) cutting management:
(D watering: at the initial stage of cutting, watering the seedlings once a day to thoroughly water the soil of the cutting seedlings, continuing for 8-9 days until the cutting seedlings take root;
©) weeding: weeding as long as there are weeds in the seedbed; holding down the tea seedlings with one hand when the weeds are weeded, and gently weeding weeds with the other hand, so as not to affect the cutting seedlings;
© topdressing: starting topdressing when the cutting seedlings grow to 4 leaves, and carrying out topdressing for 6 times during the growth period;
@ uncovering film: training the seedlings by uncovering the shade net when the leaves of the cutting seedlings grow to four; uncovering the film from the two ends at noon when the weather is dry, covering the film at night, and fully uncovering the film after a week of adaptation; adjusting the film uncovering according to the weather conditions; and
© transplanting: transplanting the tea seedlings into a field in humic acid soil after the cutting seedlings grow for 35 days, pruning the roots of the tea seedlings before transplanting, dipping the pruned roots in mud mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to improve the survival rate of transplanting, putting the tea seedlings into holes, burying them in the soil, stepping on the soil, watering them, applying high-quality manure to each plant for 12 kg, and then carrying out routine field management and pest control |#J503406 the later stage.
Soil preparation and fertilization are carried out on the fields of humic acid soil before the tea seedlings are transplanted. The first soil land preparation: removing weeds in the topsoil, disinfecting, and carrying out deep ploughing, with a depth of 0.3 m; the second soil preparation: ploughing deeply before the seedbed is made, with a depth of 0.2 m, and the soil block fine and leveled. Before making ridge-bed, the soil is disinfected with insecticides and fungicides. The direction of the seedbed is longitudinal (downwind) according to the trend of the plot when the ridge-bed is made; the ridge-bed is made at a height of 1.5 m, with a width of 1.0 M, a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 0.15 m; after the ridge-bed is made, 10-cm thick subsoil is spread on the ridge-bed surface, and the subsoil is leveled and lightly compacted for later use. Base fertilizer is applied one month before seedlings are transplanted, including applying 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.3 kg of green manure, 0.2 kg of organic waste such as cake and 30 g of biological bacterial fertilizer to the bottom of each hole, 25 g of soil water-retaining agent and 8 g of bacterial cellulose are added after fertilization, and the topsoil is backfilled with a thickness of 20 cm.
Conventional field management is carried out after the transplanting of cutting seedlings. Weeding is carried out 3 times in the year of planting, and fertilization is applied 3 times after transplanting. Fertilization is applied twice in April to September in the first three years respectively after planting; the first time in the middle of April to the first ten days of May, and the second time in the early autumn. When a pit or a ditch is dug to fertilize, a 15-cm wide ditch is dug 20 cm from the diameter base of each tree to apply fertilizer. Generally, 2.5 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer shall be applied to 500 square meters. Pruning shall be conducted regularly in the winter of the second year of planting, once a year.
After transplanting, cutting seedlings are prevented from pests and diseases, and trimmed regularly to increase the ventilation and light transmittance between rows of
Guiding Yunwu tea. At the same time, waste tea branches, diseased vines, diseased leaves and diseased tissues are buried in deeper soil layers. During the dormancy period, the pests on the awning surface are generally sprayed on the awning surfaceU503406 and the pests in the middle and lower parts of the Guiding Yunwu tea bush are sprayed with low-volume spray on the side; the lime-sulfur mixture with 4.2 baume degrees is sprayed twice to prevent stem rot. The damage of the root system of Guiding Yunwu tea is avoided in the process of cultivation management, and the soil is disinfected before planting in order to prevent the occurrence of root cancer. Timely removal of dead leaves of Guiding Yunwu tea, eradication of weeds around Guiding Yunwu tea, and concentration of leaves and weeds as compost eliminate the bacterial sources of various leaf diseases, destroy the wintering sites of various pests, and reduce the wintering survival rate of pests. In October and March, the trunk of Guiding Yunwu tea is sprayed with the lime-sulfur mixture of 4.2 baume degrees twice respectively, and the stem rot of
Guiding Yunwu tea is also cured.
Experiments show that the survival rate of the cutting propagation method reaches 96%, and the cutting seedlings take root in 8-9 days, 2 days earlier than the traditional method; the seedlings grow rapidly, and the height of seedlings reaches 100 cm after cutting for one year, 20 cm higher than that of existing methods. The method is used for cutting propagation of Guiding Yunwu Tea in Karst areas.
Embodiment 2
A cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas of the invention, including: (1) selecting tree species: taking the Guiding Yunwu population species as a provenance parent, breeding and identifying a single plant, and expanding and breeding an excellent single plant variety as a tea tree seedling bred by the provenance; (2) preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3.8 kg of mixed soil sample, 5.8 kg of edible fungus residues, 2.8 kg of silkworm excrement and 3.8 kg of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2.8 kg of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.6 to prepare cutting substrate soil, and paving the cutting substrate soil in a wooden box with a length of 40 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a height of 13 cm for later use, wherein a depth of laying the cutting substrate soil in the wooden box is 12 cm, wherein the mixed soil sample is formed by mixing 10 kg of humic acid sdiU503406 under Karst mountain and 2.5 kg of Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau;
(3) preparing cutting seedlings: cutting short spikes with a length of 3.5 cm from tea seedlings before sprouting in spring every year, leaving a leaf at the top of the short spikes, cutting off branches with leaves in the middle of the short spikes, making the cuttings smooth, wherein an oblique direction of the cutting mouth is the same as the leaf direction, cutting the branches into small oblique mouth sections of 1.2 cm, adding 1000 mL of distilled water to 10 g of root powder and 35 g of liquid puffball fungus, stirring evenly to prepare soaking solution, soaking the short spikes in the soaking solution for 4 h before cutting;
(4) cutting: watering wet the box surface with water 1.5 h before cutting, smoothing the soil on the box surface, cutting the trimmed short spikes on the cutting substrate soil according to a plant spacing of 4.5 cm and a row spacing of 7 cm, exposing the leaves of each short spike and making them face the downwind direction; in order to avoid damaging the cutting mouth during cutting, the surface soil is pressed by rolling method, so that after the mud layer is tightly bound, the direction of the short spikes are fixed by hand, making the soil fully contact with the short spikes, until the short spikes are not lift with a little force by hand; the root water is watered and a shading net is established after cutting;
(5) cutting management:
(D watering: at the initial stage of cutting, watering the seedlings once a day to thoroughly water the soil of the cutting seedlings, continuing for 7-8 days until the cutting seedlings take root;
@) weeding: weeding as long as there are weeds in the seedbed; holding down the tea seedlings with one hand when the weeds are weeded, and gently weeding weeds with the other hand, so as not to affect the cutting seedlings;
© topdressing: starting topdressing when the cutting seedlings grow to 4 leaves, and carrying out topdressing for 6 times during the growth period;
@ uncovering film: training the seedlings by uncovering the shade net when the leaves of the cutting seedlings grow to four; uncovering the film from the two ends at noon when the weather is dry, covering the film at night, and fully uncovering the filbkJ503406 after a week of adaptation; adjusting the film uncovering according to the weather conditions; and © transplanting: transplanting the tea seedlings into a field in humic acid soil after the cutting seedlings grow for 32 days, pruning the roots of the tea seedlings before transplanting, dipping the pruned roots in mud mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to improve the survival rate of transplanting, putting the tea seedlings into holes, burying them in the soil, stepping on the soil, watering them, applying high-quality manure to each plant for 12 kg, and then carrying out routine field management and pest control in the later stage.
Soil preparation and fertilization are carried out on the fields of humic acid soil before the tea seedlings are transplanted. The first soil land preparation: removing weeds in the topsoil, disinfecting, and carrying out deep ploughing, with a depth of 0.3 m; the second soil preparation: ploughing deeply before the seedbed is made, with a depth of 0.25 m, and the soil block fine and leveled. Before making ridge-bed, the soil is disinfected with insecticides and fungicides. The direction of the seedbed is longitudinal (downwind) according to the trend of the plot when the ridge-bed is made; the ridge-bed is made at a height of 1.5 m, with a width of 1.0 M, a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 0.15 m; after the ridge-bed is made, 10-cm thick subsoil is spread on the ridge-bed surface, and the subsoil is leveled and lightly compacted for later use. Base fertilizer is applied one month before seedlings are transplanted, including applying 0.5 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.3 kg of green manure, 0.2 kg of organic waste such as cake and 30 g of biological bacterial fertilizer to the bottom of each hole, 25 g of soil water-retaining agent and 8 g of bacterial cellulose are added after fertilization, and the topsoil is backfilled with a thickness of 20 cm.
Conventional field management is carried out after the transplanting of cutting seedlings. Weeding is carried out 3 times in the year of planting, and fertilization is applied twice after transplanting. Fertilization is applied twice in April to September in the first three years respectively after planting; the first time in the middle of April to the first ten days of May, and the second time in the early autumn. When a pit or a ditch is dug to fertilize, a 15-cm wide ditch is dug 20 cm from the diameter base of each tree to apply503406 fertilizer. Generally, 3 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer shall be applied to 500 square meters. Pruning shall be conducted regularly in the winter of the second year of planting, once a year.
After transplanting, cutting seedlings are prevented from pests and diseases, and trimmed regularly to increase the ventilation and light transmittance between rows of
Guiding Yunwu tea. At the same time, waste tea branches, diseased vines, diseased leaves and diseased tissues are buried in deeper soil layers. During the dormancy period, the pests on the awning surface are generally sprayed on the awning surface, and the pests in the middle and lower parts of the Guiding Yunwu tea bush are sprayed with low-volume spray on the side; the lime-sulfur mixture with 5 baume degrees is sprayed twice to prevent stem rot. The damage of the root system of Guiding Yunwu tea is avoided in the process of cultivation management, and the soil is disinfected before planting in order to prevent the occurrence of root cancer. Timely removal of dead leaves of Guiding Yunwu tea, eradication of weeds around Guiding Yunwu tea, and concentration of leaves and weeds as compost eliminate the bacterial sources of various leaf diseases, destroy the wintering sites of various pests, and reduce the wintering survival rate of pests. In October and March, the trunk of Guiding Yunwu tea is sprayed with the lime-sulfur mixture of 5 baume degrees twice respectively, and the stem rot of
Guiding Yunwu tea is also cured.
Experiments show that the survival rate of the cutting propagation method reaches 98%, and the cutting seedlings take root in 7-8 days, 3 days earlier than the traditional method; the seedlings grow rapidly, and the height of seedlings reaches 105 cm after cutting for one year, 25 cm higher than that of existing methods. The method is used for cutting propagation of Guiding Yunwu Tea in Karst areas.
Claims (4)
1. À cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting tree species: taking the Guiding Yunwu population species as a provenance parent, breeding and identifying a single plant, and expanding and breeding an excellent single plant variety as a tea tree seedling bred by the provenance; (2) preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3-4 parts of mixed soil sample, 4-6 parts of edible fungus residues, 2-3 parts of silkworm excrement and 3-4 parts of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2-3 parts of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.0-5.5 to prepare cutting substrate soil, and paving the cutting substrate soil in a wooden box for later use, wherein a depth of laying the cutting substrate soil in the wooden box is not less than 10 cm, wherein the mixed soil sample is formed by mixing 10 parts by mass of humic acid soil under Karst mountain and 1-3 parts by mass of Zaoze soil in Guizhou Plateau; (3) preparing cutting seedlings: cutting short spikes with a length of 3-4 cm from tea seedlings before sprouting in spring every year, leaving a leaf at the top of the short spikes, cutting off branches with leaves in the middle of the short spikes, making the cuttings smooth, wherein an oblique direction of the cutting mouth is the same as the leaf direction, cutting the branches into small oblique mouth sections of 1.0-1.5 cm, adding 1000 mL of distilled water to the root powder and liquid puffball fungus according to a mass ratio of 1:2.5-3.5, stirring evenly to prepare soaking solution, soaking the short spikes in the soaking solution for at least 3 h before cutting; (4) cutting: watering wet the box surface with water 1-2 h before cutting, smoothing the soil on the box surface, cutting the trimmed short spikes on the cutting substrate soil according to a plant spacing of 3-5 cm and a row spacing of 5-8 cm, exposing the leaves of each short spike and making them face the downwind direction; watering the root water and shading with a shading net after cutting;
(5) cutting management: (D watering: at the initial stage of cutting, watering the seedlings once a day to thoroughly water the soil of the cutting seedlings until the cutting seedlings take root; ©) weeding: weeding as long as there are weeds in the seedbed: © topdressing: starting topdressing when the cutting seedlings grow to 4 leaves, and carrying out topdressing for 5-8 times during the growth period; @ uncovering film: training the seedlings by uncovering the shade net when the leaves of the cutting seedlings grow to four; uncovering the film from the two ends at noon when the weather is dry, covering the film at night, and fully uncovering the film after a week of adaptation; and © transplanting: transplanting the tea seedlings into a field in humic acid soil after the cutting seedlings grow for 30-40 days, pruning the roots of the tea seedlings before transplanting, dipping the pruned roots in mud mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, putting the tea seedlings into holes, burying them in the soil, stepping on the soil, watering them, applying high-quality manure to each plant for more than 10 kg, and then carrying out routine field management and pest control in the later stage.
2. The cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the preparing cutting substrate: uniformly mixing 3.5 parts of mixed soil sample, 5 parts of edible fungus residues, 2.5 parts of silkworm excrement and 3.5 parts of rice bran shell according to the mass fraction ratio, adding 2.5 parts of Lonicera hypoglauca residues to mix, controlling the soil pH at 4.5 to prepare cutting substrate soil.
3. The cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, adding 1000 mL of distilled water to the root powder and liquid puffball fungus according to a mass ratio of 1:3, stirring evenly to prepare the soaking solution.
4. The cutting propagation method of Guiding Yunwu tea suitable for karst ared$/503406 according to claim 1, characterized in that, soil preparation and fertilization are carried out on the fields in humic acid soil before tea seedlings are transplanted.
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