CN106941801A - A kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop - Google Patents
A kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop Download PDFInfo
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- CN106941801A CN106941801A CN201710164785.XA CN201710164785A CN106941801A CN 106941801 A CN106941801 A CN 106941801A CN 201710164785 A CN201710164785 A CN 201710164785A CN 106941801 A CN106941801 A CN 106941801A
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- potato
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop, the high sweet potato variety of low Cd uptake, high patience, yield is screened；Liming and ZH types soil conditioner adjustment soil acidity or alkalinity etc. are repaired to contaminated area soil；The pattern of corn sweet potato interplanting is carried out, ensures growth and the yield of sweet potato using tailored version sweet potato standardized planting technology；The implementation autumn planting potato after the spring is made or the summer harvests, to ensure making full use of for enough output and soil.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows absorption and accumulation of the In Cadmium Polluted Area crop to cadmium metal is reduced, treatment cost is low, in the absence of polluting again.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil environment heavy metal pollution recovery technique field, it is related to one kind and is administered using low accumulation cadmium crop
The method of the soil containing cadmium.
Background technology
Heavy metal cadmium is one of heavy metal element of soil environment heavy metal pollution, and the cadmium content in soil is too high not only
Vegetation etc. is damaged, can also finally be taken in human body by the enrichment of food chain, transmission, had this tight the healthy of people
The threat of weight, therefore, in field of Environment Protection has very important meaning for the improvement of cadmium pollution soil.
Cadmium Pollution in Soils, which is administered, peripheral doses, chemical remediation and biological prosthetic method.Peripheral doses, chemical remediation are deposited
The problems such as high cost, big effect on environment, complex operation, and there is the risk of secondary pollution.It is biological prosthetic to mainly use
The biological absorption to heavy metal in soil ion cadmium is enriched with to change the content of cadmium metal in soil and crop, can preferably make up
These are not enough, but repair time is longer, and it is few to currently form the scheme of application technology.
There are significant difference, and same product between kind between absorption and accumulation of the crops to Cadmium in Soil, species
There is also very big difference between kind Different Organs.Sweet potato belong to it is low accumulation cadmium crop, different cultivars and with kind different parts exist
Significant difference.According to state food pollutant standard limit GB2762-2005 (rhizome vegetable cadmium content is less than 0.1mg/kg),
Many fresh sample cadmium contents of kind cauline leaf exceed or close to this standard in sweet potato, and root tuber content is relatively lower, between 0.0022-
0.011mg/kg, illustrates that the health risk of ingesting of sweet potato root tuber is relatively low (agro-environment science journal the 9th phase of volume 29).
It is contemplated that low Cd uptake sweet potato variety is cultivated in screening, low cadmium product is set up in cadmium moderate and slight pollution soil
The sufficiently large sweet potato Cultivating techniques of tired, high patience, increment, to realize the utilization and improvement of cadmium pollution cultivation region soil.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop, cadmium pollution is solved
Area's Soil Utilization problem and existing Cadmium Pollution in Soils control in area's reason technology that high cost, repair time length, effect on environment are big, exist
The problem of secondary pollution.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to follow the steps below：
Step 1：Screen the high sweet potato variety of low Cd uptake, high patience, yield；
Step 2：Using physiological alkalinity 750kg/ hectares of lime of fertilizer, plus 750kg/ hectares of ZH types soil conditioner adjustment soil
Acid-base value etc. is repaired to contaminated area soil；
Step 3：From the cropping pattern of contaminated area after the processing of suitable cadmium pollution soil, the mould of corn sweet potato interplanting is carried out
Formula, ensures growth and the yield of sweet potato using tailored version sweet potato standardized planting technology；
Step 4：The implementation autumn planting potato after the spring is made or the summer harvests, to ensure the abundant profit of enough output and soil
With.
Further, the sweet potato variety be sweet potato Hunan potato 20, Hunan potato 09-8, Hunan potato 7-2, Hunan potato 11-25, Xu-shu No.22,
It is peaceful purple No. 1.
Further, the method for the step 4 mid-autumn planting potato is：
All field soil for arranging to plant autumn sweet potato, if not made what is suddenly limited by preceding, early be planted as far as possible, if preceding work then
Make before Ying Bianshou, side plants sweet potato, strives for early cultivation, sweet potato is planted in early, middle rice field, seed post-trenching draining should be dissipated in paddy rice, after harvesting
Zanjon, narrow point of railway carriage or compartment, and site preparation are opened immediately and plants potato, are accomplished that draining is unimpeded, are prevented wet injury；
Rational close planting, Planting Densities are 75000 plants/hectare, and autumn potato plants the season on the occasion of high temperature, strong sunshine, to select the moon
It or fine day are planted at dusk, pour permeable after transplanting, to ensure to survive；
Strengthen management, autumn potato will be intertilled 2 times, intertillage for the first time is carried out after potato seedling growth is survived, and intertills suitable 7 centimetres of depth, in
Plough with reference to become thoroughly decomposed night soil or instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied, promote growth of seedling, potato is tied ahead of time, second of intertillage is entered for 20 days after inserting
OK, and according to potato seedling growth growing state 1 composite fertilizer is imposed, is earthed up after intertillage, rebuild ridge side, autumn sweet potato such as prolonged drought will
1-2 water is filled, the place of insufficient water sources will be intertilled more, or litter generally preferably is entered more in the morning or at dusk with applying organic manure material, filling
OK, fill general depth and reach high 2/3 in ridge, irrigation period is no more than 4 hours, often pours water 1 time, loosen the soil 1 time, to prevent water point steaming
Hair, during if any Pests Damage, should spray preventing and treating in time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows absorption and accumulation of the In Cadmium Polluted Area crop to cadmium metal is reduced, treatment cost is low,
In the absence of polluting again.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
The method of the present invention is：
1 filters out the high sweet potato variety of low Cd uptake, high patience, yield from domestic and international sweet potato variety；
Selection is strong in cadmium pollution soil processing region Planted patience, and low Cd uptake is filtered out in the kind of stable yield
Candidate's sweet potato variety 6, wherein sweet potato Hunan potato 20, Hunan potato 09-8, Hunan potato 7-2, Hunan potato 11-25 Xu-shu No.22s, peaceful purple No. 1 suction
Receipts value is minimum, hardly heavy metal cadmium accumulation, and as In Cadmium Polluted Area crops principal item, the potato wedge content of good fortune potato 10 is marked for country
Accurate critical value, is not used.Table 1 is sweet potato Cultivars potato wedge cadmium content.
Table 1
2 apply different physiological alkalinities fertilizer, organic fertilizer adjustment soil acidity or alkalinity etc. repairs to contaminated area soil：
Because soil ph influences absorption of the plant to cadmium metal, from physiological alkaline fertilizer such as lime, boron mud, sulfuric acid
The modifying agents such as zinc, nitrogenous fertilizer can improve the pH value in soil, reduce absorption of the sweet potato root system to cadmium metal.Experiment shows, light
The region of degree and intermediate pollution, lime treatment effect is best, using lime+ZH types soil conditioner according to 750kg/ hectares of lime
The ratio of+750kg/ hectares of ZH type soil conditioners is applied, and is conducive to absorption and soil of the suppression In Cadmium Polluted Area crop to cadmium to change
It is good.Soil treatment preferably in the winter time or carry first trimester progress.
3 select reasonable cropping pattern, it is ensured that the growth of sweet potato and yield, reduce potato wedge cadmium content.
According to pollution level and the difference in season, from sweet potato intercropping and interplanting cropping pattern, spring maize+summer potato sweet potato is carried out
Corn sweet potato covers operation mode, and because corn has stronger Cd uptake ability, the maize planting before sweet potato planting was both fully sharp
Time and space with plantation, moreover it is possible to effectively reduce the content of Cadmium in Soil, reduce the cadmium content of potato wedge.
Wherein, corn sweet potato covers a kind of optional sweet potato planting technology combination tailored version sweet potato standardized planting of operation mode
Technology (Hunan provincial standard《Sweet potato cultivation technical regulation》, standard number DB43/T451-2009) carry out, but change using base fertilizer
For lime+ZH types soil conditioner or organic fertilizer, it is ensured that the yield of sweet potato production.
4 carry out autumn planting potato after the soil remediation area spring is made or the summer harvests.
Early planted when robbing.Autumn sweet potato typically requires to have planted in " Limit of Heat ".All field soil for arranging to plant autumn sweet potato, if do not made by preceding
Suddenly limit, early to plant as far as possible.If preceding, answer while making before receiving, while plant sweet potato, strive for early cultivation.In early, middle rice field
Sweet potato is planted, seed post-trenching draining should be dissipated in paddy rice, zanjon, narrow point of railway carriage or compartment, and site preparation is opened after harvesting immediately and plants potato.Accomplish that draining is smooth
It is logical, prevent wet injury.
Rational close planting.Because sweet potato breeding time in autumn is shorter, ontogeny is poor, therefore, should mainly by the production-increasing function of colony
Appropriate increase density, is advisable with 75000 plants/hectare.Autumn potato plants the season on the occasion of high temperature, strong sunshine, to select cloudy day or fine day
Plant at dusk, pour permeable after transplanting, to ensure to survive.
Strengthen management.Autumn potato is typically intertilled 2 times, and intertillage for the first time is carried out after potato seedling growth is survived, the suitable 7 centimetres of left sides of intertillage depth
The right side, intertillage promotes growth of seedling, potato is tied ahead of time with reference to become thoroughly decomposed night soil or instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied.Second of intertillage is 20 after inserting
It or so is carried out, and imposes 1 composite fertilizer according to potato seedling growth growing state, to be earthed up after intertillage, rebuilds ridge side.Autumn sweet potato such as length
Phase arid will fill 1-2 water, and the place of insufficient water sources will be intertilled more, or litter and applying organic manure material more.Fill generally preferably in the morning
Or carry out at dusk, fill general depth and 2/3 be advisable with reaching that ridge is high, irrigation period is not exceeded 4 hours.Often pour water 1 time, loosen the soil 1
It is secondary, to prevent moisture evaporation.Autumn sweet potato leaves and stemses are tenderer, are subject to sweet potato prodenia litura, palaearctic sweet potato and leaf beetle harm.Such as
When having above-mentioned Pests Damage, should spray preventing and treating in time.
The present invention filters out the low Cd uptake kind of the sweet potato planted after suitable In Cadmium Polluted Area soil treatment, meets good resistance to
Property require, ensure with stable yield；The technology administered with reference to Cadmium Pollution in Soils, selection lime+ZH type soil conditioners are pressed
The processing of soil before being planted as sweet potato is applied according to appropriate Billy, absorption and product of the In Cadmium Polluted Area crop to cadmium metal is reduced
It is tired；With reference to agent, soil treatment method and sweet potato Plant plane, the high and stable yields planted after suitable In Cadmium Polluted Area soil treatment have been worked out
Sweet potato growing and cultivation technology.
This programme is carried out in Hu-nan's agriculture academy of sciences Changsha proving ground, experimental field to stick loam, and physical features is flat, irrigation and drainage
It is convenient.Experiment sets 12 processing, is arranged using random district's groups, 3 repetitions.20 square metres of plot area, Planting Densities 54000
Strain/hectare, row spacing 1m (bag ditch), high-ridge double-row, surrounding sets protection row 1m.Winter before planting, liming+ZH types soil is adjusted
Agent is managed, makees base manure Base-appling once in ridging.In addition to fertilizing management, other field management levels are consistent.
Carry out planting preceding soil sample work before intercutting, used fertilization compositions based on earth measurement special sampler, it is each in experimental plot
Cell gathers mixed soil, 0-20 centimetres of sampling depth.Each biased sample 1kg or so, determines the full cadmium of soil, soil effective
Cadmium, soil organic matter content and pH value.
After sweet potato growing, plant in 7 days, work of filling the gaps with seedlings is carried out to dead seedling, weak seedling.Plant after 20 days, carry out tillage and weeding.
Grown in field early stage rainwater is uniform, and potato seedling growth growth is normal, and growing way is good.
Period is by insect pest situation spray control of leaf roller and noctuid.
Soil sample work before harvest has been carried out during harvest, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement special sampler is used, it is each in experimental plot
Cell gathers mixed soil, 0-20 centimetres of sampling depth.Each biased sample 1kg or so, determines the full cadmium of soil, soil effective
Cadmium, soil organic matter content and pH value.Field test species test work is carried out, to the climing length of overground part, thick stem, branch, tendril weight
And underground part potato wedge weight, number etc. are measured.And potato rattan and potato wedge are taken per cell, and shine dry grinding and mix, graded kind, point weight
Multiple each extraction 1kg samples, individually pack, as the sample of detection, detection potato rattan and potato wedge cadmium content.
Determined by cell production, fresh tuber yield is 16112-42325kg/ hectares, and dry matter yield is 4970-
12236.5kg/ hectares, wherein control Xu-shu No.22 fresh tuber yield is 31712kg/ hectares, dry matter yield is 9856kg/ hectares, sieve
High yield sweet potato variety 6 is selected：Hunan potato 20, Hunan potato 09-8, Hunan potato 7-2, Hunan potato 11-25, peaceful purple No. 1, good fortune 10 (dish type),
Than control Xu-shu No.22 volume increase.
Determined by potato silk cadmium content, with pollutant standard limit GB2762-2005 (rhizome vegetable ＜ in state food
0.1mg/kg) it is compared, Hunan potato 20, Hunan potato 09-8, Hunan potato 7-2, Hunan potato 11-25, Xu-shu No.22, peaceful purple No. a kind cadmium contain
Amount is below 0.1mg/kg.
Before sweet potato growing and harvest after soil sample determine, by planting crop, except Hunan 7-2 soil cadmium content increase, its
He reduces, and reduction amplitude is 6.0-31%.
From the point of view of experimental field Category disposition layout, cadmium pollution kind is gathered in the forward and backward two parts in crop field, and center section is not dirty
Dye, by Cadmium Pollution in Soils Analysis of test results, by planting dry crop, can reduce soil cadmium content.
The above is only the better embodiment to the present invention, not makees any formal limit to the present invention
System, any simple modification that every technical spirit according to the present invention is made to embodiment of above, equivalent variations and modification,
Belong in the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop, it is characterised in that follow the steps below：
Step 1：Screen the high sweet potato variety of low Cd uptake, high patience, yield；
Step 2：Soil acid-base is adjusted using physiological alkalinity 750kg/ hectares of fertilizer+1000kg/ hectares of lime ZH types soil conditioner
Degree etc. is repaired to contaminated area soil；
Step 3：From the cropping pattern of contaminated area after the processing of suitable cadmium pollution soil, the pattern of corn sweet potato interplanting is carried out, is adopted
Ensure growth and the yield of sweet potato with tailored version sweet potato standardized planting technology；
Step 4：The implementation autumn planting potato after the spring is made or the summer harvests, to ensure making full use of for enough output and soil.
2. according to a kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Sweet potato variety is sweet potato Hunan potato 20, Hunan potato 09-8, Hunan potato 7-2, Hunan potato 11-25, Xu-shu No.22, peaceful purple 1.
3. according to a kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The method of step 4 mid-autumn planting potato is：
All field soil for arranging to plant autumn sweet potato, if not made what is suddenly limited by preceding, will early plant, if preceding, answer side as far as possible
Make before receiving, side plants sweet potato, strives for early cultivation, sweet potato is planted in early, middle rice field, seed post-trenching draining should be dissipated in paddy rice, after harvesting immediately
Open zanjon, narrow point of railway carriage or compartment, and site preparation and plant potato, accomplish that draining is unimpeded, prevent wet injury；Rational close planting, plant/hectare of density 75000, autumn potato
The season on the occasion of high temperature, strong sunshine is planted, to select cloudy day or fine day to plant at dusk, pour permeable after transplanting, to ensure to survive；
Strengthen management, autumn potato will be intertilled 2 times, intertillage for the first time is carried out after potato seedling growth is survived, intertill suitable 7 centimetres of depth, intertillage knot
Close and apply become thoroughly decomposed night soil or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, promote growth of seedling, potato is tied ahead of time, second of intertillage is carried out for 20 days after inserting, and
1 composite fertilizer is imposed according to potato seedling growth growing state, earthed up after intertillage, ridge side is rebuild, autumn sweet potato such as prolonged drought will fill 1-2
Secondary water, the place of insufficient water sources will be intertilled more, or litter generally preferably carries out more in the morning or at dusk with applying organic manure material, filling, filling
General depth reaches high 2/3 in ridge, and irrigation period is no more than 4 hours, often pours water 1 time, loosen the soil 1 time, to prevent moisture evaporation, if any
During Pests Damage, should spray preventing and treating in time.
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| CN110063224A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of In Cadmium Polluted Area spring open country watermelon-autumn corn safety in production rotation system |
| CN110268832A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-24 | 鸿灌环境技术有限公司 | A method of soil is administered using multimode |
| CN111659718A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation |
| CN112024593A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Landscape potted corn planting method capable of repairing heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110063224A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of In Cadmium Polluted Area spring open country watermelon-autumn corn safety in production rotation system |
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| CN111659718A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation |
| CN112024593A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 昆明理工大学 | Landscape potted corn planting method capable of repairing heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil |
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