CN111659718A - Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation - Google Patents
Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111659718A CN111659718A CN202010552790.XA CN202010552790A CN111659718A CN 111659718 A CN111659718 A CN 111659718A CN 202010552790 A CN202010552790 A CN 202010552790A CN 111659718 A CN111659718 A CN 111659718A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- sweet potatoes
- rape
- soil
- farmland
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by heavy metal instead of crop rotation, which rotates the sweet potatoes and the rapes of summer crops on the soil heavily polluted by Cd and Pb, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) the planting period of the sweet potatoes is 6-10 months, and the planting period of the rapes is 10-5 months next year; (2) performing farmland weeding, impurity removal, ditching and leveling according to planting requirements and field area; (3) applying a soil conditioner before planting the sweet potatoes; (4) sweet potato varieties including Hunan potato 98, Shanghao potato 19, Su potato 24 and Yu potato 98 are transplanted and planted; (5) after the sweet potatoes are ripe and harvested, removing stems and leaves on the ground, separating the stems and leaves from the field, and performing centralized recovery treatment; (6) the rape varieties are the FengYOU 823, the YOUZHOU 2013, the Xiangmiscellaneous oil 631 and the rich miscellaneous oil 108, and are sown and planted; (7) after the rape is ripe and harvested, the overground straws are completely removed and separated from the field, and are intensively recycled and treated. The invention selects the sweet potatoes and the rapes with low accumulative quality for crop rotation, has simple planting method and can realize the annual reduction of the total amount of the heavy metals in the farmland soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phytoremediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil and agricultural product quality safety, and particularly relates to a safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes instead of crop rotation in farmland polluted by medium and heavy metals (Cd and Pb).
Background
Heavy metal pollution of soil is one of the main environmental pollution problems in recent decades. Heavy metals in the farmland soil are absorbed by the xylem of crops and stored in the phloem, can enter human bodies and livestock through food chains, and have serious harm to the human bodies and the organs of the livestock, such as the kidney. Investigation shows that the standard exceeding rate of the pollution point positions of 8 heavy metals of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) is 7.0%, 1.6%, 2.7%, 2.1%, 1.5%, 1.1%, 0.9%, 4.8% and 0.9% respectively. As for Cd, the exceeding rate of the slight, moderate and severe pollution point positions is 5.2%, 0.8%, 0.5% and 0.5%, and compared with other heavy metals, the pollution degree is the most serious, and huge risks are brought to crop planting. At present, Cd pollution of farmland is often accompanied by other heavy gold pollution, such as Pb, so that the Cd and Pb pollution of farmland is effectively treated, the Cd and Pb content in crops is reduced, and safe utilization of Cd and Pb polluted farmland is an urgent problem.
The aim of controlling the transfer of Cd and Pb to crops and achieving safe production is mainly achieved from two aspects at present: on one hand, the activity of Cd and Pb in soil is reduced through chemical fixation, for example, the pH value of the soil is regulated, and soil conditioners (such as limestone, zeolite, phosphate, biochar and the like) are applied; on the other hand, in view of safe utilization of the polluted soil, the crops with strong heavy metal resistance and low accumulation are planted. The accumulation of heavy metals is obviously different among different crop types, and the accumulation of heavy metals is also obviously different among different varieties of the same crop, for example, the accumulation of heavy metals is obviously different among species and in species among wheat, lettuce, corn, sunflower and other crops.
For heavy metal moderately-heavily-polluted farmlands, safe utilization is difficult to achieve through a conventional technical method, available cultivated land resources are limited, and the vast moderately-heavily-polluted farmlands cannot be left unused or wasted, so that adjustment of planting structures or replacement of planting becomes a feasible technical method. Crop rotation is an agricultural planting mode existing in vast areas in China, different crops are reasonably matched, economic benefits of farmlands can be brought into full play, soil toxicity is avoided, and in addition, rhizosphere effects of crops planted in previous crops can also affect the yield of crops planted in next crops, heavy metal accumulation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the background, the invention aims to provide a safe production method for crop rotation of sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by medium and heavy metals Cd and Pb instead of planting the sweet potatoes and the rapes, so that the heavy metal content of edible parts of the sweet potatoes and the rapes is lower than a standard limit value, the problem that the heavy metals of agricultural products in the farmland polluted by the medium and heavy metals exceed the standard is solved, and the safe utilization of the polluted farmland is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by heavy metals instead of crop rotation is characterized in that sweet potatoes and rapes which are crops in summer are rotated on moderately and heavily polluted soil containing Cd and Pb, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) planting time: the planting period of the sweet potatoes is 6-10 months, and the planting period of the rapes is 10-5 months next year;
(2) farmland tidying: performing farmland weeding, impurity removal, ditching and leveling according to planting requirements and field area;
(3) applying a soil conditioner: applying a soil conditioner before planting sweet potatoes, wherein the application amount is as follows: the moderate heavy metal pollution rice field is 150-300 kg/mu, and the severe heavy metal pollution rice field is 300-600 kg/mu;
(4) planting the sweet potatoes with low accumulated heavy metal: sweet potato varieties including Hunan potato 98, Shanghao potato 19, Su potato 24 and Yu potato 98 are transplanted and planted;
(5) sweet potato harvesting and stem leaf removal: after the sweet potatoes are ripe, mechanically harvesting or manually harvesting, removing overground stems and leaves, separating from the field, and performing centralized recovery treatment;
(6) planting the heavy metal low-accumulation-quality rape: the rape varieties are the FengYOU 823, the YOUZHOU 2013, the Xiangmiscellaneous oil 631 and the rich miscellaneous oil 108, and are sown and planted;
(7) rape harvesting and straw removal: after the rape is ripe, mechanical harvesting or manual harvesting is adopted, and the overground straws are completely removed and separated from the field, and are intensively recycled and treated.
Further, the soil conditioner is one or more of limestone, sepiolite, zeolite and hydroxyapatite, wherein limestone (calcium carbonate) and whiteness are selected from the group>90, particle size>200 mesh, sedimentation volume (2.4-2.8 mL. g)-1) (ii) a Sepiolite component>80%, sedimentation value 800-<1.5% of particle size>200 meshes; zeolite component>65% moisture<1.5% of particle size>200 meshes; hydroxyapatite with calcium content of 22-27%, phosphorus content of 9-12% and granularity>200 meshes.
Further, the application method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: after weeding and impurity removal are carried out on the field, the soil conditioner is thrown on the surface of the field soil, rotary tillage is carried out on the field until the conditioner and the soil are uniformly mixed, the water content of the soil is kept above 60% after the soil conditioner is applied, and balanced cultivation is carried out for 3-7 d.
Further, in the step (4), before planting the sweet potatoes, applying a base fertilizer and applying the base fertilizer when the last rotary tillage is carried out on the field; and (3) ridging the soil which is moistened and cured by applying the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer into a ladder shape according to the width of a ridge surface of 70-80cm and the height of the ridge of 30-40cm, planting sweet potato seedlings on the ridge with the plant spacing of 30-40cm, and performing water fertilizer, weeding and pest control on the sweet potato seedlings in the sweet potato planting period as same as the local sweet potato planting management.
Further, the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, wherein the ratio of N to P to K is 15 to 15, and the application amount is 50 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (6), the field after harvesting the sweet potatoes is subjected to rotary tillage, leveling and ditching, the depth of a ditch is 15-20cm, an organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer before rape planting, 0.5-0.75 kg/mu of boron fertilizer is applied, the seed amount is 500 g/mu according to 400-plus-one soil, rape is sowed and planted, when the rape seedlings grow to the height of 20-30cm, the seedlings are spaced at the row spacing of 30-40cm according to the density of not less than 8000 plants/mu, the size is kept during thinning, the seedlings are strong and weak, and the water fertilizer, weeding and pest control in the rape planting period are the same as the local rape planting management.
Furthermore, the organic matter in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, the humic acid is more than or equal to 17 percent, and the application amount is 50-80 kg/mu.
Further, the harvest time of the rape is as follows: and harvesting the rape 30-40 days after the flowering of the rape and 70% -80% of fruit pods become yellow.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: planting low-accumulation-quality sweet potatoes and rapes, and leading the heavy metal content of the edible parts to be lower through the low-accumulation characteristic of the varieties; the soil conditioner is applied to reduce the content of the heavy metal in the effective state in the soil, so that the biological effectiveness of the soil conditioner is reduced, the content of the heavy metal in the edible parts of the crops is further reduced and is lower than the national limit standard, and the safe production is achieved; a certain amount of heavy metal is accumulated in the sweet potato stem leaves and the rape straws, and the total amount of the heavy metal in the farmland soil can be prevented from increasing and the effect of reducing year by year can be realized by removing and separating from the farmland.
In the invention, the selected sweet potatoes and rapes are large commercial crops planted in China, the planting area is wide, and the planting method is simple; the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing limestone, sepiolite, hydroxyapatite and zeolite, has the advantages of economical and practical raw materials, simple and convenient preparation and application modes, and has the possibility and significance of popularization and application.
Compared with the prior art, the alternative planting method for crop rotation of sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by medium-heavy metals (Cd and Pb) has the following advantages:
(1) solves the problems that the edible agricultural products planted in the farmland soil with moderate and severe heavy metal pollution do not meet the quality safety standard and the agricultural land soil pollution risk is high. The Cd and Pb contents of the sweet potato block cores and the rape seeds planted by the method are lower than the limit values in the pollutant limit in national standard food for food safety (GB 2762-;
(2) the crop rotation technology for planting the sweet potatoes and the rapes is replaced, the planting method is simple and convenient, the investment cost is economic, no adverse effect is caused to the environment, meanwhile, the sweet potatoes and the rapes have no heavy metal poisoning phenomenon, both the sweet potatoes and the rapes can grow normally, and the yield reaches the normal level;
(3) according to the invention, a certain amount of heavy metals are accumulated in the sweet potato stem leaves and the rape straws, and the heavy metals are removed from the field, recovered in a centralized manner and sent to a power station for subsequent treatment in a combustion power generation manner, so that the effect of reducing the total amount of Cd and Pb in soil year by year can be achieved, and the method is beneficial to production and restoration while the farmland is polluted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
2017 and 2018, the field planting is carried out in a heavily polluted farmland with certain heavy metals in the northern part of Hunan. The area is located in a subtropical monsoon humid climate area, the annual average air temperature is 17.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1400-1700mm, and the frost-free period is about 275 days. The soil type is red soil. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil before planting are as follows:
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil
The planting process is as follows:
(1) farmland tidying: the farmland is subjected to artificial weeding, impurity removal, ditching and leveling, the sample prescription is set according to the length of 3m multiplied by 4m, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times.
(2) Applying a soil conditioner: the soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly mixing calcium carbonate and sepiolite according to the mass ratio of 2: 1. Calcium carbonate, whiteness>90, particle size>200 mesh, sedimentation volume (2.4-2.8 mL. g)-1) (ii) a Sepiolite component>80%, sedimentation value 800-<1.5% of particle size>200 meshes. The soil conditioner is applied before sweet potato planting, and the specific operation steps are as follows: weeding, leveling and ploughing soil, and raking off roots and stems of previous crops; then uniformly throwing the soil conditioner (150 kg/mu) on the soil surface, carrying out rotary tillage for multiple times until the soil in the plough layer soil (0-20cm)Fully and uniformly mixing the conditioner and the soil, watering to keep the soil moist, and curing and culturing for 5 d; and finally ridging and planting sweet potato seedlings.
(3) Planting sweet potatoes: the low-accumulation sweet potato variety is Xiangshu 98, Sushu 16 is used as a control group. The transplanting and planting time is 6 months and 1 day to 10 months and 2 days. Base fertilizer (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer N: P: K: 15:15, total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, 50kg per mu) is applied before planting and is applied when the field is subjected to rotary tillage for the last time. And (3) ridging the soil which is moistened and cured by the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 1m, the width of the surface of each ridge is 0.7m, the height of each ridge is 0.4m, and then 2 rows of sweet potato seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the plant spacing is 0.3 m. And (3) applying potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer N: P: K: 15:15, total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%, and the amount of the total nutrient is 15kg per mu) after 8 months.
(4) Sweet potato harvesting and stem leaf removal: after the sweet potatoes are ripe, manually harvesting, and removing all stems and leaves on the ground from the field.
(5) Planting rape: the low accumulation variety is the FengYOU 823, and the Zhongshuang 11 is used as a control group. The broadcast sowing and planting time is 10 months, 7 days to 5 months and 3 days. And (4) carrying out rotary tillage, leveling and ditching on the field blocks after the sweet potatoes are harvested, wherein the depth of the ditch is 20 cm. Before rape planting, organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, humic acid is more than or equal to 17 percent, and the amount of the organic fertilizer is 80kg per mu), and 0.5kg of boron fertilizer (borax) is applied. The seeds are sown and planted with the amount of 500 g/mu, and when the height of the rape is 30cm, the seedlings are thinned according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40 cm. Applying bolting fertilizer (urea, 15kg per mu) on 16 days 1 month.
(6) Rape harvesting and straw removal: after 30 days after rape blossoming, 80% of fruit pods turn yellow, manually harvesting, and completely removing the overground straws from the field.
The chemical analysis method comprises the following steps: when the sweet potatoes and the rapes are mature, 5 plants and rhizosphere soil thereof are sampled according to a 5-point method in each formula, the sweet potatoes are divided into roots, stems and leaves, skins and block cores of 4 parts, and the rapes are divided into roots, stems, fruit pods and seeds of 4 parts. And analyzing the heavy metal content of each part of the soil and the plant.
The implementation results are as follows:
(1) heavy metal content and yield in each part of sweet potato and rape:
as can be seen from Table 2, CK treatment was carried out in contaminated farmlands containing 3.60mg/kg of total Cd and 129mg/kg of total Pb in the soilThe content of Cd and Pb in 98 pieces of medium Xiang potato is respectively lower than 51.9 percent and 54.0 percent of the content of Cd and Pb in 16 pieces of Su potato, and the content of Cd and Pb in the pieces of 2 sweet potatoes is greater than the limit of pollutants in national standard food for food safety (GB 2762 & 2017) and limit values of Cd and Pb in tuberous root and tuber vegetables (Cd is less than or equal to 0.1 mg.kg-1，Pb≤0.2mg·kg-1) And does not meet the safe planting requirement. After the soil conditioner is applied according to 150 kg/mu, the Cd content of the loaf core is reduced by 23.1 percent and 0.10mg/kg, the Pb content of the loaf core is obviously reduced by 43.5 percent and 0.13mg/kg compared with CK, and the loaf core is lower than a standard limit value and meets the requirement of safe production.
TABLE 2 heavy metal content of soil treated differently, heavy metal content of sweet potato and sweet potato yield
Note: data results are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates. The different letters in the table indicate significant differences.
And the fennel oil 823 and the Zhongshuang 11 (set as the control group CK) are planted in the later period of crop rotation. As can be seen from the Table 3, the root, stem, pod and kernel of the saliva promoting oil 823 have lower Cd and Pb contents than the Zhongshuang 11, and the Cd content in the kernel is 0.07mg/kg, which is lower than the Cd content of the Zhongshuang 11 by 0.13 mg/kg. Referring to the limit of pollutants in national food Standard for food safety (GB 2762 and 2017), the limit values of Cd and Pb contents in the grease food peanuts (Cd is less than or equal to 0.5mg/kg, Pb is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg), the contents of 2 rape seeds meet the standard requirements, and the oil-bearing 823 rape seeds are safer.
TABLE 3 heavy metal content of different treated soils, heavy metal content of rape and rape yield
Note: data results are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, "-" in the table indicates no detection. The different letters in the table indicate significant differences.
(2) Soil pH and content of heavy metal available state
As can be seen from Table 4, the safe planting method applies the conditioner 150 kg/mu to the soil before planting the sweet potatoes, and compared with the method without applying the Conditioner (CK), the pH value of the sweet potato rhizosphere soil is increased by 0.47-0.79 unit, the Cd in the effective state is reduced by 37.0-42.9%, and the Pb in the effective state is reduced by 15.2-25.9%. By applying the soil conditioner, free heavy metals in the soil are well passivated, the bioavailability of the heavy metals is reduced from the source, and the crops absorb less accumulated heavy metals.
Table 4 pH and effective heavy metal content of soil in different treated fields
Note: data results are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates. The different letters in the table indicate significant differences.
As can be seen from Table 5, compared with CK, the pH of the soil treated by the safe planting method is significantly higher by 0.62-0.86 unit, the Cd in the soil effective state is significantly lower by 18.0-28.6%, and the Pb in the soil effective state is significantly lower by 23.8-27.1%.
TABLE 5 pH and content of heavy metal available state of rhizosphere soil of rape in different treated fields
(3) Amount of heavy metals removed by straw
A large amount of heavy metals are accumulated in stems and leaves of overground parts of sweet potatoes and rapes, and as can be seen from Table 2, the contents of Cd and Pb in the stems and leaves of the sweet potatoes are both more than 1mg/kg, the sweet potatoes are planted in one crop according to the average per mu yield of 500kg of dry weight of the stems and leaves, and the total contents of Cd and Pb which can be removed from farmlands are both 0.5 g/mu by removing the stems and leaves on the ground and leaving the fields. As can be seen from Table 3, the fennel oil 823 is planted by applying the soil conditioner in crop rotation, the Cd and Pb contents in the rape stems are 0.85mg/kg and 0.42mg/kg respectively, the average dry weight of the rape stalks per mu is 1000kg, the rape is planted in one crop, the total Cd and Pb contents which can be removed from the farmland by removing the stems from the ground are 0.85 g/mu and 0.42 g/mu respectively. The total amount of Cd and Pb which can be removed in one year is respectively 1.35 g/mu and 0.92 g/mu by crop rotation planting of sweet potatoes and rapes, and the total amount of heavy metals in farmland soil can be reduced year by year.
Example 2:
2018 and 2019, and field planting is carried out in a farmland heavily polluted by Cd and Pb of certain heavy metals in the north of Hunan. The area is located in a subtropical monsoon humid climate area, the average annual temperature is 17.5 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1400-1700mm, and the frost-free period is about 275 days. The soil type is red soil. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil before planting are as follows:
TABLE 6 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil
The planting time of the sweet potatoes is 6 months, 4 days to 10 months and 7 days, the planting time of the rapes is 10 months, 10 days to 5 months and 15 days, and the planting process is as follows:
(1) farmland tidying: the farmland is manually weeded, decontaminated, ditched and leveled. The squares were set at 3m × 4m and each treatment was repeated 3 times.
(2) Applying a soil conditioner: the soil conditioner is prepared from calcium carbonate and sepiolite according to the mass ratio of 2:1 and is uniformly mixed. Calcium carbonate, whiteness>90, particle size>200 mesh, sedimentation volume (2.4-2.8 mL. g)-1) (ii) a Sepiolite component>80%, sedimentation value 800-<1.5% of particle size>200 meshes. The soil conditioner is applied before sweet potato planting, and the specific operation steps are as follows: weeding, leveling and ploughing soil, and raking off roots and stems of previous crops; then uniformly throwing the soil conditioner (300 kg per mu) on the surface of the soil, carrying out rotary tillage for multiple times until the soil conditioner in the soil (0-20cm) of the plough layer is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, watering to keep the soil moist, and carrying out curing culture for 5 days; and finally ridging and planting sweet potato seedlings.
(3) Planting sweet potatoes: the low-accumulation variety is Xiangshu 98, Sushu 16 is used as a control group, and the planting time is 6 months, 4 days to 10 months, 7 days. Base fertilizer (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer N: P: K: 15:15, total nutrient is more than or equal to 45 percent, 50kg per mu) is applied before planting and is applied when the field is subjected to rotary tillage for the last time. And (3) ridging the soil which is moistened and cured by the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 1m, the width of the surface of each ridge is 0.7m, the height of each ridge is 0.4m, and then 2 rows of sweet potato seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the plant spacing is 0.3 m. Applying additional potash fertilizer in 8 months and 15 days (potassium sulfate compound fertilizer N: P: K: 15:15, total nutrient more than or equal to 45%, 15kg per mu).
(4) Sweet potato harvesting and stem leaf removal: after the sweet potatoes are ripe, manually harvesting, and removing all stems and leaves on the ground from the field.
(5) Planting rape: the low accumulation variety is the FengYOU 823, the Zhongshuang 11 is taken as a control group, and the sowing and planting are carried out for 10 months and 10 days to 5 months and 15 days. And (4) carrying out rotary tillage, leveling and ditching on the field blocks after the sweet potatoes are harvested, wherein the depth of the ditch is 20 cm. Before rape planting, organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, humic acid is more than or equal to 17 percent, and the amount of the organic fertilizer is 80kg per mu), and 0.5kg of boron fertilizer (borax) is applied. The seeds are sown and planted with the amount of 500 g/mu, and when the height of the rape is 30cm, the seedlings are thinned according to the row spacing of 30cm multiplied by 40 cm. Applying bolting fertilizer (urea, 15kg per mu) on 21 days of 1 month.
(6) Rape harvesting and straw removal: after 35d of rape flowering, 80% of fruit pods turn yellow, manually harvesting, and completely removing the overground straws from the field.
The results were as follows:
(1) heavy metal content and yield of each part of sweet potato and rape
As can be seen from Table 6, in the heavily contaminated farm land, the total Cd content in the soil was 3.73mg/kg, and the total Pb content was 228 mg/kg. Planting sweet potatoes without implementing a safe planting method (CK), wherein the content of Cd and Pb in 98 blocks of potatoes is respectively lower than 26.7 percent and 56.6 percent of the content of Cd and Pb in 16 blocks of Sujima, the content of Cd and Pb in the blocks of 2 sweet potatoes is respectively higher than the limit value of pollutants (GB 2762 & 2017) in national standard food for food safety, the limit values of Cd and Pb in the root tuber and tuber vegetables (Cd is less than or equal to 0.1 mg.kg-1，Pb≤0.2mg·kg-1) And does not meet the safe planting requirement. After the soil conditioner is applied according to 300 kg/mu, the Cd content of the block core is reduced by 36.4 percent and reduced by CK compared with that of Xiangshu 98Is 0.07mg/kg, the Pb content of the block core is obviously reduced by 43.5 percent and is reduced to 0.13mg/kg, which are both lower than the standard limit value and accord with safe planting.
TABLE 7 heavy metal content of soil in different treated fields, heavy metal content of sweet potato and sweet potato yield
Note: data results are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates. The different letters in the table indicate significant differences.
The fenugreek oil 823 and the middle-double 11 in the later period of crop rotation, and the middle-double 11 is set as a control group. As can be seen from Table 8, after the safe planting method is implemented, the Cd and Pb of each part of the rape Feng oil 823 is significantly lower than those of the rape Zhongshuang No. 11, and the Cd content of the seeds is 0.08mg/kg and is 57.9% lower. Referring to the limit of pollutants in national standard food for food safety (GB 2762-2017), the limit value of Cd content in oil and fat food peanuts (Cd is less than or equal to 0.5 mg-kg)-1，Pb≤0.2mg·kg-1) The heavy metal content of the 2 rape seeds meets the standard requirement, and the rape seeds containing the saliva 823 are safer.
TABLE 8 heavy metal content of soil, heavy metal content of rape and rape yield
Note: data results are mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, "-" in the table indicates no detection.
(2) Soil pH and content of heavy metal available state
As can be seen from Table 9, the application of the conditioner to the soil before the planting of the sweet potatoes is carried out in a safe planting method needs 300 kg/mu, and compared with the non-application treatment (CK), the pH value of the sweet potato rhizosphere soil is obviously increased by 0.91-0.94 unit, the Cd in the effective state is reduced by 23.1% -32.9%, and the Pb in the effective state is reduced by 31.8% -32.4%. Aiming at the heavily polluted soil, the application of the soil conditioner can obviously reduce the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil, so that the crops absorb less accumulated heavy metals.
TABLE 9 pH and content of heavy metal effective state of sweet potato rhizosphere soil of different treated fields
As can be seen from Table 10, in the later crop rotation planting of oilseed rape, compared with the non-CK crop rotation planting method, the pH of the soil of the field where the soil conditioner is applied is significantly higher by 0.63-0.89 unit, the Cd in the soil effective state is significantly lower by 17.5-33.3%, and the Pb in the soil effective state is significantly lower by 18.1-32.4% in the safe planting method, and therefore, the soil conditioner applied before planting sweet potatoes still has a significant reduction effect on the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil in the planting stage of oilseed rape.
TABLE 10 pH and content of heavy metal available state of rhizosphere soil of rape in different treated fields
(3) Amount of heavy metals removed by straw
The heavy metal heavy pollution farmland is planted with sweet potato and rape, the overground part stem leaves of the crops accumulate a large amount of heavy metal, as can be seen from table 7, the Cd content in the stem leaves of the sweet potato is 0.71mg/kg, the Pb content is 3.18mg/kg, the average dry weight of the stem leaves per mu is calculated according to 500kg, the sweet potato is planted in one crop, the overground stem leaves are removed, the sweet potato leaves are separated from the farmland, and the total amount of Cd and Pb which can be removed from the farmland is 0.36 g/mu and 1.59 g/mu respectively. As can be seen from Table 8, the application of the soil conditioner for the crop rotation of the planted Feng oil 823 allows the Cd and Pb contents in the rape stems to be 0.95mg/kg and 1.16mg/kg, respectively, and the average dry weight of the rape stalks per mu is 1000kg, so that the rape stems are planted in one crop, and the total amount of Cd and Pb which can be removed from the farmland by removing the stems from the field on the ground is 0.95 g/mu and 1.16 g/mu, respectively. The total amount of Cd and Pb which can be removed in one year is 1.31 and 2.75 g/mu respectively by crop rotation planting of sweet potatoes and rapes, and the total amount of heavy metals in farmland soil can be reduced year by year.
Claims (8)
1. A safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in heavy metal polluted farmlands instead of crop rotation is characterized in that crops such as summer sweet potatoes and overwintering crops and rapes are rotated on heavily polluted soil in Cd and Pb, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) planting time: the planting period of the sweet potatoes is 6-10 months, and the planting period of the rapes is 10-5 months next year;
(2) farmland tidying: performing farmland weeding, impurity removal, ditching and leveling according to planting requirements and field area;
(3) applying a soil conditioner: applying a soil conditioner before planting sweet potatoes, wherein the application amount is as follows: the moderate heavy metal pollution rice field is 150-300 kg/mu, and the severe heavy metal pollution rice field is 300-600 kg/mu;
(4) planting the sweet potatoes with low accumulated heavy metal: sweet potato varieties including Hunan potato 98, Shanghao potato 19, Su potato 24 and Yu potato 98 are transplanted and planted;
(5) sweet potato harvesting and stem leaf removal: after the sweet potatoes are ripe, mechanically harvesting or manually harvesting, removing overground stems and leaves, separating from the field, and performing centralized recovery treatment;
(6) planting the heavy metal low-accumulation-quality rape: the rape varieties are the FengYOU 823, the YOUZHOU 2013, the Xiangmiscellaneous oil 631 and the rich miscellaneous oil 108, and are sown and planted;
(7) rape harvesting and straw removal: after the rape is ripe, mechanical harvesting or manual harvesting is adopted, and the overground straws are completely removed and separated from the field, and are intensively recycled and treated.
2. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rape in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is one or more of limestone, sepiolite, zeolite and hydroxyapatite, wherein limestone (calcium carbonate) and whiteness degree are selected>90, particle size>200 mesh, sedimentation volume (2.4-2.8 mL. g)-1) (ii) a Sepiolite component>80%, sedimentation value 800-<1.5% of particle size>200 meshes; zeolite component>65% moisture<1.5% of particle size>200 meshes; hydroxyapatite with calcium content of 22-27%, phosphorus content of 9-12% and granularity>200 meshes.
3. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rape in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the soil conditioner is applied by the following method: after weeding and impurity removal are carried out on the field, the soil conditioner is thrown on the surface of the field soil, rotary tillage is carried out on the field until the conditioner and the soil are uniformly mixed, the water content of the soil is kept above 60% after the soil conditioner is applied, and balanced cultivation is carried out for 3-7 d.
4. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rape in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), before planting the sweet potatoes, base fertilizer is applied and applied when the last rotary tillage is carried out on the farmland; and (3) ridging the soil which is moistened and cured by applying the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer into a ladder shape according to the width of a ridge surface of 70-80cm and the height of the ridge of 30-40cm, planting sweet potato seedlings on the ridge with the plant spacing of 30-40cm, and performing water fertilizer, weeding and pest control on the sweet potato seedlings in the sweet potato planting period as same as the local sweet potato planting management.
5. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by heavy metal in stead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, wherein N, P, K, 15 and 15 are applied in a dosage of 50 kg/mu.
6. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by heavy metals instead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the field after harvesting the sweet potatoes is subjected to rotary tillage, leveling and ditching, the depth of the ditch is 15-20cm, an organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer and a boron fertilizer is applied in an amount of 0.5-0.75 kg/mu before the rape is planted, the amount of seeds is 500 g/mu according to 400-one, the rape is planted by broadcast sowing, when the rape seedlings grow to be 20-30cm high, the seedlings are separated according to the density of not less than 8000 strains/mu and the row spacing of 30-40cm, the seedlings are kept large and small during thinning, the seedlings are kept strong and weak, and the water fertilizer, weeding and the pest control in the rape planting period are the same as the local rape planting management.
7. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by heavy metals instead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that organic matters in the organic fertilizer are more than or equal to 45 percent, humic acid is more than or equal to 17 percent, and the application amount is 50-80 kg/mu.
8. The safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and rapes in farmland polluted by heavy metals instead of crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvest time of the rapes is as follows: and harvesting the rape 30-40 days after the flowering of the rape and 70% -80% of fruit pods become yellow.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010552790.XA CN111659718A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010552790.XA CN111659718A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111659718A true CN111659718A (en) | 2020-09-15 |
Family
ID=72388586
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010552790.XA Pending CN111659718A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111659718A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113751494A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-07 | 环保桥(湖南)生态环境工程股份有限公司 | Method capable of accelerating removal of heavy metals in soil and realizing safe production of crops |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771281A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-11-14 | 石有明 | Rape-corn-sweet potato interplanting method |
| CN104772327A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-07-15 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal-contaminated soil by using oilseed rape-oil sunflower crop rotation technology |
| CN105817471A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-03 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by rape-peanut crop rotation mode |
| CN106914479A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-04 | 国家半干旱农业工程技术研究中心 | The soil remediation method of heavy metal is removed using the extraction of crop plant inedible part |
| CN106941801A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop |
| CN108856282A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of combined-repair method of heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil |
| CN109108061A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-01 | 浙江大学 | A method of utilizing the restoring cadmium polluted farmland of rice-rape rotation |
| CN110328222A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-10-15 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of synchronous heavy metal pollution farmland restorative procedure for realizing phytoremediation and safety in production |
| CN111213556A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-02 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method of rice for medium and light cadmium-polluted soil |
| CN111438181A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-24 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | Method for safely utilizing mercury to pollute soil |
-
2020
- 2020-06-17 CN CN202010552790.XA patent/CN111659718A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771281A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-11-14 | 石有明 | Rape-corn-sweet potato interplanting method |
| CN104772327A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-07-15 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal-contaminated soil by using oilseed rape-oil sunflower crop rotation technology |
| CN105817471A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-03 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by rape-peanut crop rotation mode |
| CN106941801A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of method for administering the soil containing cadmium using low accumulation cadmium crop |
| CN106914479A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-04 | 国家半干旱农业工程技术研究中心 | The soil remediation method of heavy metal is removed using the extraction of crop plant inedible part |
| CN108856282A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of combined-repair method of heavy metal pollution agricultural land soil |
| CN110328222A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-10-15 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of synchronous heavy metal pollution farmland restorative procedure for realizing phytoremediation and safety in production |
| CN109108061A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-01 | 浙江大学 | A method of utilizing the restoring cadmium polluted farmland of rice-rape rotation |
| CN111213556A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-02 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method of rice for medium and light cadmium-polluted soil |
| CN111438181A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-24 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | Method for safely utilizing mercury to pollute soil |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 高久青: "双低杂交油菜—胜利百号红薯轮作栽培技术", 《现代农业科技》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113751494A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-07 | 环保桥(湖南)生态环境工程股份有限公司 | Method capable of accelerating removal of heavy metals in soil and realizing safe production of crops |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108114977A (en) | It is a kind of to utilize super enriching plant and the method in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation | |
| CN109315247B (en) | Method for producing selenium-rich rice by using astragalus sinicus and rape activated soil | |
| CN107836303B (en) | Cadmium-polluted farmland safe utilization method based on multifunctional crop sweet sorghum | |
| Gyewali et al. | Effect of different organic manures on growth, yield, and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus). | |
| CN114456006A (en) | Functional biological fertilizer capable of relieving continuous cropping obstacle of tobacco and application thereof | |
| CN108901287B (en) | Fertilizing method capable of reducing cadmium content of rice in cadmium-polluted rice field | |
| CN108738452B (en) | Method for improving barren heavy saline-alkali soil by planting pioneer crops | |
| CN106342437A (en) | Efficient regional fertilizing method | |
| Clark et al. | Biomass and mineral nutrient partitioning in relation to seasonal growth of Zantedeschia | |
| CN113058984A (en) | Phytoremediation method for heavily cadmium-lead polluted farmland | |
| CN111659718A (en) | Safe production method for planting sweet potatoes and oilseed rapes in heavy metal polluted farmland instead of crop rotation | |
| CN110199809B (en) | Efficient construction method of cassava inbred line group materials | |
| CN109804886B (en) | Method for remedying cadmium-polluted soil by intercropping of maidenhair and corn | |
| CN111247975A (en) | Planting method for high-yield pawpaw | |
| CN108901735B (en) | Efficient crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness | |
| CN111837858B (en) | Method for promoting germination of latent buds of konjac to rapidly produce seed konjac | |
| Abd Elrahman et al. | Effect of using vermicompost and biofertilizers as partial alternatives for chemical fertilizers on growth and fruiting of Superior grapevines | |
| Khanthavong et al. | Effect of stake priming with complete nutrient solution on cassava root and starch yield | |
| Herviyanti et al. | Application of local resource-based amelioration technology on the chemical properties of Inceptisols in monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems | |
| CN114149808A (en) | Soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and high-grade tobacco leaves and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114287216A (en) | Planting and fertilizing method for improving tomato growth vigor | |
| CN113265256A (en) | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN113924930A (en) | Method for replacing and controlling exotic invasive plant mikania micrantha in sloping farmland by utilizing species combination of sweet potatoes and ryegrass | |
| YN et al. | Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to integrated nutrient management in alluvial plains of northern Bihar | |
| CN111732486A (en) | Selenium-rich ecological compound fertilizer special for rice planting and preparation process and fertilizing method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200915 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |