CN111247975A - Planting method for high-yield pawpaw - Google Patents
Planting method for high-yield pawpaw Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a planting method of high-yield pawpaw, which comprises the following steps: (1) covering a nutrient medium on the planting land; (2) selecting cutting, peeling the tail end of the cutting, soaking the cutting in 0.1% indoleacetic acid water solution, cleaning, soaking in rooting solution, and finally soaking in NAA solution; (3) inserting the treated cuttings into a culture medium, building a shed, applying a compound organic fertilizer once every ten days, and spraying 600 times of pythium oligandrum wettable powder once every week; (4) after transplanting the cuttings, performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer; spraying nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces after one week of primary fertilization; after transplanting for 40-60 days, performing root topdressing; the insecticide for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests is used for killing the pests every month. The papaya cuttings planted by the method have high survival rate, the mu yield of the papaya is obviously increased, the nutritional value of the papaya is improved, and the pesticide residue is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method for high-yield pawpaw.
Background
Pawpaw, fructus Chaenomelis of Rosaceae, is deciduous tree, has warm nature and sour taste, enters liver and spleen channels, has effects of resolving food stagnation, promoting lactation, eliminating dampness, dredging collaterals, removing toxic substance and expelling parasites, and is commonly used for dyspepsia, stomach and duodenal ulcer pain, milk deficiency, rheumatism pain, limb numbness, eczema, ulcer and intestinal parasitic disease. The pawpaw is thick and delicate in pulp, strong in fragrance, rich in juice, sweet and delicious, and rich in nutrition, and is one of four famous fruits in Lingnan. The pawpaw is eaten raw or cooked, or sliced and dried in the sun for standby, the leaves can be picked all the year round and are used fresh or dried in the air for standby. In addition, the papaya fruits can be processed into papaya candies, jam, preserved fruits and cans. Pawpaw is used for treating rheumatic arthralgia, muscular spasm and beriberi swelling and pain, has good effects of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, can resolve dampness, and is a common medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia, especially for muscular spasm.
However, the existing papaya planting method has some problems, mainly including that the yield of papaya is low, and because a large amount of pesticides and chemicals are used for killing insects and accelerating maturity, the content of harmful substances in papaya is increased, and the papaya is not suitable for people to eat, so people need a high-yield papaya planting method which meets the requirements better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a high-yield pawpaw planting method, which can obviously increase the yield of pawpaw, improve the nutritional value of pawpaw, has low pesticide residue and is sweet and delicious.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a planting method of high-yield pawpaw comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, wind shielding and sun exposure as a planting field, deeply ploughing and removing impurities, and covering 3 layers of nutrient substrates;
(2) cutting strong branches which grow for 1 to 1.5 years and have uniform thickness and still dormant buds from a papaya tree as cuttings in 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the upper cut is 1cm away from the base of the leaves, the lower cut is cut at a position 0.5 to 1.2 cm close to the joint, and each section contains 2 to 3 branches;
(3) peeling and incising the tail end of the cutting, soaking for 50-60min by using 0.1% indoleacetic acid water solution, washing for 2 times by using purified water, soaking the treated cutting in rooting solution for 5-10min, finally soaking in NAA solution for 4-5min, and then naturally ventilating and drying;
(4) inserting the cuttings processed in the step (3) into the nutrient medium processed in the step (1), wherein the row spacing of plants is 8 multiplied by 10cm, the cutting angle is 45-50 degrees, compacting culture soil after cutting, and watering thoroughly; building a shed to control the temperature in the shed to be 18-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 80-90%; applying the compound organic fertilizer once every ten days, and spraying 600 times of Pythium oligandrum wettable powder once every week; after the cutting strip forms callus, the cutting strip can be taken out and cut into soil;
(5) field management: performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer after transplanting the papaya cuttings for 10-15 days; spraying nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces after the first fertilization for one week, and spraying the nutrient solution once every 10-15 days; after transplanting for 40-60 days, performing root topdressing; killing pests with the pesticide for preventing and treating diseases and pests for 2-3 times per month until harvesting.
Preferably, the nutrient medium in the step (1) comprises decomposed farmyard manure, soil, coconut husk, illite powder, bentonite and trace elements;
preferably, the nutrient medium in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 80-100 parts of soil, 30-50 parts of coconut husk, 30-40 parts of bentonite, 20-30 parts of illite powder and 1-5 parts of trace elements.
Preferably, the rooting solution in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of water, 20-30 parts of willow juice, 15-20 parts of aloe mannan, 3-6 parts of cerium nitrate, 2-3 parts of gibberellin and 1-3 parts of molybdenum disulfide.
Preferably, the compound organic fertilizer in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-9 parts of potassium humate, 5-8 parts of wormcast, 4-7 parts of cinnamon powder and 4-6 parts of alfalfa powder.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of human and animal feces, 30-60 parts of bagasse, 20-50 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of illite powder, 5-10 parts of trace elements and 1-3 parts of rare earth salt.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 12-16 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8-14 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-6 parts of alfalfa powder, 1-3 parts of almond powder, 0.5-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.3-0.6 part of giant knotweed extract.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the cutting is disinfected by adopting indoleacetic acid and then soaked in the rooting solution, so that the cutting is promoted to take root, the cutting survival rate is greatly improved, and the cutting survival rate can reach 89-94%.
(2) Aiming at the growth characteristics of pawpaw in different periods, the invention provides fertilizers with different components, and a scientific and reasonable application mode is matched, so that the pawpaw grows quickly and healthily, the planted pawpaw has high quality, a nutrient medium is applied during cuttage, the decomposed organic fertilizer is taken as a main component, meanwhile, the rare earth element is added, the plants can be sterilized, the activity of enzyme in soil can be stimulated, the absorption of nutrition is improved, and the growth of pawpaw is promoted; performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer after transplanting the papaya cuttings for 10-15 days; spraying nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces after the first fertilization for one week, and spraying the nutrient solution once every 10-15 days; after 40-60 days of transplanting, the root system topdressing is carried out, and the effective nutrient components of the raw materials are mutually fused, so that the growth speed of the pawpaw can be accelerated.
(3) Through reasonable matching of the fertilizer and the planting method, the survival rate of the papaya cuttings is high, the soil structure and the nutrient content are improved, the average unit weight and the acre yield of the papaya are remarkably increased, the soluble solid content of the papaya is improved, the nutritional value is high, the pesticide residue is low, and the method is suitable for large-scale planting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A planting method of high-yield pawpaw comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting sandy soil with a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage and wind shielding and sun exposure as a planting field, deeply ploughing and removing impurities, and covering 3 layers of nutrient matrixes, wherein the nutrient matrixes comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 80 parts of soil, 30 parts of coconut husk, 30 parts of bentonite, 20 parts of illite powder and 1 part of trace elements;
(2) cutting strong branches which grow for 1 to 1.5 years and have uniform thickness and still dormant buds from a papaya tree as cuttings in 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the upper cut is 1cm away from the base of the leaves, the lower cut is cut at a position close to 0.5 cm to each section, and each section contains 2 to 3 branches;
(3) peeling and incising the tail end of the cutting, soaking for 50min by using 0.1% indoleacetic acid aqueous solution, washing for 2 times by using purified water, and soaking the treated cutting in rooting solution for 5-10min, wherein the rooting solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 20 parts of willow juice, 15 parts of aloe mannan, 3 parts of cerium nitrate, 2 parts of gibberellin and 1 part of molybdenum disulfide; finally, putting the mixture into NAA solution for soaking for 4-5min, and then naturally ventilating and drying;
(4) inserting the cuttings processed in the step (3) into the nutrient medium processed in the step (1), wherein the row spacing of plants is 8 multiplied by 10cm, the cutting angle is 45-50 degrees, compacting culture soil after cutting, and watering thoroughly; the temperature in the shed is controlled to be 18 ℃ by building a shed, and the humidity is controlled to be 80%; applying the compound organic fertilizer once every ten days, wherein the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of wormcast, 4 parts of cinnamon powder and 4 parts of alfalfa powder; spraying 600 times of solution of pythium oligandrum wettable powder once a week; after the cutting strip forms callus, the cutting strip can be taken out and cut into soil;
(5) field management: performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer after transplanting the papaya cuttings for 10-15 days, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of human and animal excrements, 30 parts of bagasse, 20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10 parts of illite powder, 5 parts of trace elements and 1 part of rare earth salt; spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces after the first fertilization for one week, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of alfalfa powder, 1 part of almond powder, 0.5 part of vitamin complex and 0.3 part of giant knotweed extract; spraying every 10-15 days; after transplanting for 40-60 days, performing root topdressing; killing pests with the pesticide for preventing and treating diseases and pests for 2-3 times per month until harvesting.
Example 2
A planting method of high-yield pawpaw comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting sandy soil with a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage and wind shielding and sun exposure as a planting field, deeply ploughing and removing impurities, and covering 3 layers of nutrient matrixes, wherein the nutrient matrixes comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 90 parts of soil, 40 parts of coconut husk, 35 parts of bentonite, 25 parts of illite powder and 3 parts of trace elements;
(2) cutting strong branches which grow for 1 to 1.5 years and have uniform thickness and still dormant buds from a papaya tree as cuttings in 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the upper cut is 1cm away from the base of the leaves, the lower cut is cut at a position close to 0.8 cm to each section, and each section contains 2 to 3 branches;
(3) peeling and incising the tail end of the cutting, soaking for 55min by using 0.1% indoleacetic acid aqueous solution, washing for 2 times by using purified water, and soaking the treated cutting in a rooting solution for 8min, wherein the rooting solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of water, 25 parts of willow juice, 20 parts of aloe mannan, 5 parts of cerium nitrate, 3 parts of gibberellin and 2 parts of molybdenum disulfide; finally, putting the mixture into NAA solution for soaking for 4-5min, and then naturally ventilating and drying;
(4) inserting the cuttings processed in the step (3) into the nutrient medium processed in the step (1), wherein the row spacing of plants is 8 multiplied by 10cm, the cutting angle is 45-50 degrees, compacting culture soil after cutting, and watering thoroughly; the temperature in the shed is controlled to be 22 ℃ by building a shed, and the humidity is controlled to be 85%; applying the compound organic fertilizer once every ten days, wherein the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium humate, 6 parts of wormcast, 5 parts of cinnamon powder and 5 parts of alfalfa powder; spraying 600 times of solution of pythium oligandrum wettable powder once a week; after the cutting strip forms callus, the cutting strip can be taken out and cut into soil;
(5) field management: performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer after transplanting the papaya cuttings for 10-15 days, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of human and animal excrements, 50 parts of bagasse, 40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 15 parts of illite powder, 8 parts of trace elements and 2 parts of rare earth salt; spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces after the first fertilization for one week, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts of alfalfa powder, 2 parts of almond powder, 0.8 part of vitamin complex and 0.5 part of giant knotweed extract; spraying every 10-15 days; after transplanting for 40-60 days, performing root topdressing; killing pests with the pesticide for preventing and treating diseases and pests for 2-3 times per month until harvesting.
Example 3
A planting method of high-yield pawpaw comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting sandy soil with a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage and wind shielding and sun exposure as a planting field, deeply ploughing and removing impurities, and covering 3 layers of nutrient matrixes, wherein the nutrient matrixes comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 100 parts of soil, 50 parts of coconut husk, 40 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of illite powder and 5 parts of trace elements;
(2) cutting strong branches which grow for 1 to 1.5 years and have uniform thickness and still dormant buds from a papaya tree as cuttings in 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the upper cut is 1cm away from the base of the leaves, the lower cut is cut at a position 0.5 to 1.2 cm close to the joint, and each section contains 2 to 3 branches;
(3) peeling and incising the tail end of the cutting, soaking for 60min by using 0.1% indoleacetic acid aqueous solution, washing for 2 times by using purified water, and soaking the treated cutting in a rooting solution for 10min, wherein the rooting solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of water, 30 parts of willow juice, 20 parts of aloe mannan, 6 parts of cerium nitrate, 3 parts of gibberellin and 3 parts of molybdenum disulfide; finally, putting the mixture into NAA solution for soaking for 5min, and then naturally ventilating and drying;
(4) inserting the cuttings processed in the step (3) into the nutrient medium processed in the step (1), wherein the row spacing of plants is 8 multiplied by 10cm, the cutting angle is 45-50 degrees, compacting culture soil after cutting, and watering thoroughly; building a shed to control the temperature in the shed to be 25 ℃ and the humidity to be 90 percent; applying the compound organic fertilizer once every ten days, wherein the compound organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 9 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of wormcast, 7 parts of cinnamon powder and 6 parts of alfalfa powder; spraying 600 times of solution of pythium oligandrum wettable powder once a week; after the cutting strip forms callus, the cutting strip can be taken out and cut into soil;
(5) field management: performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer after transplanting the papaya cuttings for 10-15 days, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of human and animal excrements, 60 parts of bagasse, 50 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20 parts of illite powder, 10 parts of trace elements and 3 parts of rare earth salt; spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces after the first fertilization for one week, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 12-16 parts of ammonium sulfate, 14 parts of calcium superphosphate, 6 parts of alfalfa powder, 3 parts of almond powder, 1 part of compound vitamin and 0.6 part of giant knotweed extract; spraying every 10-15 days; after transplanting for 40-60 days, performing root topdressing; killing pests with the pesticide for preventing and treating diseases and pests for 2-3 times per month until harvesting.
Comparative example 1
Traditional papaya planting method
Comparative example 2
The cuttings were not soaked with rooting solution, and the rest was the same as in example 2 of the present invention.
Comparative example 3
The nutrient medium in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 180 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 90 parts of soil and 35 parts of bentonite, and the rest is the same as that of the fertilizer in the embodiment 2 of the invention.
Comparative example 4
The compound fertilizer in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of human and animal excrements, 50 parts of bagasse, 40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues and 8 parts of trace elements, and the rest are the same as those in the embodiment 2 of the invention.
Effect of the experiment
In order to further illustrate the practical value of the planting method, 35 mu of pawpaw planted by the planting method of the embodiment 1-3 and the planting method of the comparative example 1-4 are divided into 7 groups, 5 mu of pawpaw is averagely planted in each group, other conditions are the same, the average single weight, the per mu yield, the seedling survival rate and the average result number of a single pawpaw tree are counted, and the experimental comparison results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 papaya planting-related Performance test
From the data in table 1, it can be seen that: the papaya planted by the planting method of the invention has the advantages of large acre yield, large fruiting amount and high fruit survival rate.
The invention is well implemented in accordance with the above-described embodiments. It should be noted that, based on the above structural design, in order to solve the same technical problems, even if some insubstantial modifications or colorings are made on the present invention, the adopted technical solution is still the same as the present invention, and therefore, the technical solution should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The planting method of the high-yield pawpaw is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, wind shielding and sun exposure as a planting field, deeply ploughing and removing impurities, and covering 3 layers of nutrient substrates;
(2) cutting strong branches which grow for 1 to 1.5 years and have uniform thickness and still dormant buds from a papaya tree as cuttings in 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the upper cut is 1cm away from the base of the leaves, the lower cut is cut at a position 0.5 to 1.2 cm close to the joint, and each section contains 2 to 3 branches;
(3) peeling and incising the tail end of the cutting, soaking for 50-60min by using 0.1% indoleacetic acid water solution, washing for 2 times by using purified water, soaking the treated cutting in rooting solution for 5-10min, finally soaking in NAA solution for 4-5min, and then naturally ventilating and drying;
(4) inserting the cuttings processed in the step (3) into the nutrient medium processed in the step (1), wherein the row spacing of plants is 8 multiplied by 10cm, the cutting angle is 45-50 degrees, compacting culture soil after cutting, and watering thoroughly; building a shed to control the temperature in the shed to be 18-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 80-90%; applying the compound organic fertilizer once every ten days, and spraying 600 times of Pythium oligandrum wettable powder once every week; after the cutting strip forms callus, the cutting strip can be taken out and cut into soil;
(5) field management: performing primary fertilization by adopting a compound fertilizer after transplanting the papaya cuttings for 10-15 days; spraying nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces after the first fertilization for one week, and spraying the nutrient solution once every 10-15 days; after the seedlings are planted for 40-60 days, performing root system topdressing; killing pests with the pesticide for preventing and treating diseases and pests for 2-3 times per month until harvesting.
2. The planting method of high-yield pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient medium in step (1) comprises decomposed farmyard manure, soil, coconut husk, illite powder, bentonite and trace elements.
3. The planting method of high-yield pawpaw as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nutrient medium in the step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 80-100 parts of soil, 30-50 parts of coconut husk, 30-40 parts of bentonite, 20-30 parts of illite powder and 1-5 parts of trace elements.
4. The planting method of high-yield pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rooting solution in step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of water, 20-30 parts of willow juice, 15-20 parts of aloe mannan, 3-6 parts of cerium nitrate, 2-3 parts of gibberellin and 1-3 parts of molybdenum disulfide.
5. The planting method of high-yield pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound organic fertilizer in step (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3-9 parts of potassium humate, 5-8 parts of wormcast, 4-7 parts of cinnamon powder and 4-6 parts of alfalfa powder.
6. The planting method of high-yield pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer in step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of human and animal feces, 30-60 parts of bagasse, 20-50 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of illite powder, 5-10 parts of trace elements and 1-3 parts of rare earth salt.
7. The planting method of high-yield pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 12-16 parts of ammonium sulfate, 8-14 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2-6 parts of alfalfa powder, 1-3 parts of almond powder, 0.5-1 part of compound vitamin and 0.3-0.6 part of giant knotweed extract.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113455396A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-10-01 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Rooting and transplanting method for papaya tissue culture seedlings |
| CN113678680A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-23 | 枣阳市香木瓜技术开发服务中心 | High-yield planting method for muskmelon |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113455396A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-10-01 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Rooting and transplanting method for papaya tissue culture seedlings |
| CN113678680A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-23 | 枣阳市香木瓜技术开发服务中心 | High-yield planting method for muskmelon |
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