CN107211700A - A kind of nuisanceless watermelon breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of nuisanceless watermelon breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nuisanceless watermelon breeding method, it is related to technical field of watermelon cultivation, comprises the following steps：（1）, selection planting site and kind；（2）, site preparation and build greenhouse；（3）, scion cultivation；（4）, grafting；（5）, field planting；（6）, daily management；（7）, harvesting.The present invention is by reasonably being controlled soil, greenhouse and field management links, and obtained watermelon is in good taste, sugariness is good, effectively improves quality and improves yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of watermelon cultivation, in particular to a pollution-free watermelon cultivation method.
Background
The watermelon is used as one of main fruits in China, is planted and distributed in various places of China, and has large planting area and large market demand every year. Watermelon production must compromise both yield and quality. At present, most of fertilizers in watermelon planting are configured by farmers, so extensive preparation can cause that the elements in the fertilizers and the proportion of each element are not well mastered, the optimized effect cannot be achieved, the waste of the fertilizers is stagnated, and the adverse consequences of low watermelon yield and poor economic benefit can be caused. In addition, watermelon has poor sweetness, and the effect is not ideal due to improper sweetening modes, and the sweetening agent can cause poor taste and even can cause adverse effect on human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pollution-free watermelon cultivation method, which is characterized in that through reasonable control of soil, greenhouse and field management links, the obtained watermelon is good in taste, excellent in sweetness, non-toxic and pollution-free, the quality is effectively improved, and the yield is increased.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a pollution-free watermelon cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field and a variety
Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, rich soil and convenient drainage as a planting field;
selecting a watermelon variety suitable for greenhouse planting;
(2) soil preparation and building of greenhouse
Preparing soil in winter, deeply ploughing for 30-40 cm, adjusting the pH value of soil to 6.2-6.5, applying 500-600 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 60-80 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu of soil, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fully decomposing chicken and duck manure, straw powder and vinasse;
building a greenhouse after soil preparation, wherein the length of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-40 m, the width of the greenhouse is controlled to be 2-3 m, the height of the greenhouse top is 2.1-2.5 m, and a non-drop greenhouse film is selected to buckle the greenhouse so as to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and prevent water drops;
(3) cultivation of scions
Drying the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days before sowing, selecting full seeds, putting the selected seeds into a container, soaking the seeds in cold water for 2-3 hours, then putting the seeds into a seed soaking liquid for soaking for 10-15 min, fishing out, cleaning, and putting the seeds into a seed magnetizer for magnetization for 10-15 min;
preparing a seedbed and a seedling substrate, directly broadcasting the magnetized seeds on the seedling substrate, covering a soil layer, covering a layer of breathable film, removing the film when more than 85% of seedlings emerge, watering for 1 time every 3-5 days after the seedlings emerge, and taking the obtained watermelon seedlings as scions;
(4) grafting
Grafting watermelon seedlings by taking white-seed pumpkins as stocks, spraying humic acid solution on the grafted seedlings, and managing to ensure good healing;
(5) and planting
Opening planting furrows with the width of 100-120 cm and the depth of 40-50 cm in a planting field, wherein the distance between the planting furrows is 80-100 cm;
opening holes for field planting of the grafted seedlings in the step (4) according to the plant row spacing of 43 x 80cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly in time, and after the grafted seedlings survive for 3-5 days, earthing up the Yong root and leveling the holes;
(6) daily management of
And (3) fertilizer and water management: watering in good time after field planting; after the watermelon grows, when the diameter of the young watermelon on the plant is 10-12 cm, watering for 1 time every 3-4 days, and stopping watering 6-8 days before harvesting;
after the melons are planted, applying additional fertilizer by combining watering and spraying along water, wherein the additional fertilizer is an organic fertilizer;
pruning and pressing vines: when the vines grow to be 30-35 cm, the vines are trimmed, the vines are straightened to be evenly distributed, soil blocks are used for pressing the vines on the nodes to promote generation of adventitious roots, leaf vines are fixed, the roots and leaves are prevented from being damaged by mutual shading and wind blowing, and then pressing is carried out once every 5-6 nodes until the vines grow to fill the ridge surface;
(7) harvesting
Timely harvesting mature watermelons, reserving 4-6 cm branches at the upper end of a watermelon handle during harvesting, mixing watermelon seedlings with decomposed farmyard manure after harvesting, and using the mixture as a base fertilizer after deep soil plowing.
Wherein the watermelon variety in the step (1) is one or more of morning beauty, child ancient cooking vessel No. 3 and Tianyun gift No. 1.
Wherein the seed soaking liquid in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16-18 parts of gibberellin, 14-15 parts of chitosan, 10-12 parts of vitamin C, 9-10 parts of vitamin E, 5-7 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-4 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, 2-3 parts of carbendazim, 1-2 parts of borax and 17-18 parts of the balance of water, respectively dissolving the raw materials in water, mixing, adding water to dilute to a required concentration, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: ploughing the field cultivated soil without the seeds of the melons and a decomposed base fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3-4: 1, sieving the mixture by a sieve of 30-40 meshes to obtain a mixture, adding 40-55% of carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 1-3% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture medium.
The decomposed base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-25 parts of sawdust, 20-21 parts of coconut coir, 16-18 parts of rice bran, 12-14 parts of plant ash, 10-11 parts of cow dung, 8-9 parts of vermiculite and 5-6 parts of EM zymophyte.
Wherein the grafting condition in the step (4) is that grafting is carried out when 4-5 true leaves exist in the seedling for 20-25 days.
Wherein, the step (4) of managing the grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: keeping the humidity in the greenhouse to be 80-85% within 2-3 days after grafting, keeping the temperature in the daytime to be 25-28 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 15-18 ℃, starting to blow air to harden the seedlings after 8-9 days, cutting off the root of the scion after the scion germinates, and timely wiping off the stock buds.
Wherein the step (6) further comprises temperature management: after planting, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 30-32 ℃ in the daytime and 16-17 ℃ at night; in the flowering and fruiting period, controlling the greenhouse temperature to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 17-18 ℃ at night; after the watermelon is seated, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 10-15 ℃, so that the watermelon can grow conveniently.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-9 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4-5 parts of sodium tetraborate, 3-4 parts of sucrose, 2-3 parts of calcium chloride, 1-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 8-9 parts of water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through carrying out reasonable control to each link of soil, big-arch shelter and field management, the watermelon that obtains is good, sweetness is good, has effectively improved the quality and has improved output, specifically as follows:
(1) the method is simple to implement and strong in operability, and can ensure sufficient water and fertilizer and high fruit setting success rate in the watermelon growth process by reasonably controlling each link of soil, greenhouse and field management, thereby improving the yield and quality of the watermelon; the obtained watermelon has high sweetness, the sugar content can reach 12-14%, the peel is thin and hard, the watermelon is not easy to crack, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, the yield is high, and no pesticide residue exists;
(2) the method has the advantages that scion cultivation, seed treatment before sowing, seed drying, seed soaking and seed soaking in seed soaking liquid and magnetization in a seed magnetizer are carried out, so that seed dormancy can be effectively broken, the seeds can germinate in advance, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, the growth of root systems and melon vines in the later period is promoted, and the disease resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance of watermelons can be improved; in addition, the raw materials added in the seed soaking liquid provide trace elements for the growth of the watermelon, so that the quality is improved;
(3) according to the method, the pumpkin is adopted as the stock for grafting, the fertilizer absorption capacity of the root system of the pumpkin is good, the root quantity and the absorption area of the root system of the pumpkin are higher than those of the watermelon, the grafting mode is adopted, the strong absorption capacity and the transportation capacity of the root system of the pumpkin are fully utilized, the grafting survival rate is improved, the seedling death of the watermelon due to blight can be effectively prevented, the problem that continuous cropping and continuous cropping of the watermelon field cannot be achieved is solved, in addition, the application amount of fertilizer in the growth process of the watermelon can be reduced, and the yield of the watermelon is improved;
(4) the grafted seedlings obtained in the invention are uniform, the survival rate of field planting and transplanting is high, the grafting speed is high, the seedling rate is high, and the cultivation cost is reduced; spraying humic acid solution on the grafted seedlings to promote photosynthesis of the grafted seedlings and provide nutrition required by growth of the grafted seedlings, so that the grafted seedlings can grow faster;
(5) the method takes the organic fertilizer as the main component, has few inorganic fertilizers, adopts low-toxicity medicaments as the medicaments, strictly performs the whole watermelon cultivation process according to the relevant standards of national green food and organic food, and produces the watermelon which is safe and pollution-free;
(6) the seedling raising substrate and the organic fertilizer are compounded by various organic substances, so that sufficient nutrition can be provided for the growth of the watermelon, the plant height and the stem thickness of watermelon plants are improved, and the obtained watermelon is large in size, excellent in quality, high in sugar content, fresh and bright in flesh color, tender in meat, high in water content, high in commodity value and resistant to storage and transportation; the scientific application amount can reduce the waste of fertilizer and the pollution of soil, improve the disease and pest resistance of watermelon plants, reduce the morbidity and improve the quality of watermelon finished products.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A pollution-free watermelon cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field and a variety
Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, rich soil and convenient drainage as a planting field;
selecting a watermelon variety suitable for greenhouse planting;
(2) soil preparation and building of greenhouse
Preparing soil in winter, deeply ploughing for 30cm, adjusting the pH value of soil to 6.2, and applying 500kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 60kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fully decomposing chicken and duck manure, straw powder and vinasse;
building a greenhouse after soil preparation, wherein the length of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20m, the width of the greenhouse is controlled to be 2m, and the height of the roof of the greenhouse is 2.1m, and selecting a non-drip greenhouse film to buckle the greenhouse so as to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and prevent water drops;
(3) cultivation of scions
Drying the seeds in the sun for 1 day before sowing, selecting full seeds, putting the selected seeds into a container, soaking in cold water for 2h, then putting the seeds into a seed soaking solution for soaking for 10min, taking out and cleaning, and putting the seeds into a seed magnetizer for magnetization for 10 min;
preparing a seedbed and a seedling substrate, directly broadcasting the magnetized seeds on the seedling substrate, covering a soil layer, covering a layer of breathable film, removing the film when more than 85% of seedlings emerge, watering for 1 time every 3 days after the seedlings emerge, and taking the obtained watermelon seedlings as scions;
(4) grafting
Grafting watermelon seedlings by taking white-seed pumpkins as stocks, spraying humic acid solution on the grafted seedlings, and managing to ensure good healing;
(5) and planting
Opening planting furrows with the width of 100cm and the depth of 40cm in a planting field at an interval of 80 cm;
opening holes for field planting of the grafted seedlings in the step (4) according to the plant row spacing of 43 x 80cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly in time, and after the seedlings survive for 3 days, earthing up the Yong root and leveling the holes;
(6) daily management of
And (3) fertilizer and water management: watering in good time after field planting; after the melon is grown, when the young melon on the plant grows to be 10cm in diameter, watering for 1 time every 3 days, and stopping watering 6 days before harvesting;
after the melons are planted, applying additional fertilizer by combining watering and spraying along water, wherein the additional fertilizer is an organic fertilizer;
pruning and pressing vines: when the vines grow to 30cm, the vines are straightened to be evenly distributed, soil blocks are used for pressing the vines on the nodes to promote the generation of adventitious roots, leaf vines are fixed to prevent mutual shading and damage to the roots and leaves due to wind blowing, and then pressing is carried out once every 5 nodes until the vines grow to full of the ridge surface;
(7) harvesting
Timely harvesting mature watermelon, reserving 4cm branches at the upper end of a watermelon handle during harvesting, mixing watermelon seedlings with decomposed farmyard manure after harvesting, and using the watermelon seedlings as a base fertilizer after deep ploughing on the land.
Wherein,
the watermelon variety in the step (1) is morning beauty and Tianyuan gift No. 1.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of gibberellin, 14 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of vitamin C, 9 parts of vitamin E, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, 2 parts of carbendazim, 1 part of borax and 17 parts of the balance of water, respectively dissolving the raw materials in water, mixing, adding water to dilute to a required concentration, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: ploughing the field cultivated soil without the seeds of the melons and the decomposed base fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3: 1, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture, adding 40 percent of carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 1 percent of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The decomposed base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of coconut chaff, 16 parts of rice bran, 12 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of cow dung, 8 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of EM zymophyte.
And (4) grafting in the step (4) under the condition that 4 true leaves exist when the seedling is 20 days old.
The step (4) of managing the grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 80% within 2 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night, starting to blow air to harden the seedlings after 8 days, cutting off the root of the scion after the scion germinates, and timely removing the stock buds.
The step (6) further comprises temperature management: after planting, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 30 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night; in the flowering and fruiting period, controlling the greenhouse temperature to be 25 ℃ in the daytime and 17 ℃ at night; after the watermelon is seated, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 10 ℃ so as to be beneficial to the growth of the watermelon.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of urea, 6 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 parts of sodium tetraborate, 3 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of calcium chloride, 1 part of monopotassium phosphate and 8 parts of water.
Example 2
A pollution-free watermelon cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field and a variety
Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, rich soil and convenient drainage as a planting field;
selecting a watermelon variety suitable for greenhouse planting;
(2) soil preparation and building of greenhouse
Preparing soil in winter, deeply ploughing for 40cm, adjusting the pH value of soil to 6.5, applying 600kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu of land, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fully decomposing chicken and duck manure, straw powder and vinasse;
building a greenhouse after soil preparation, wherein the length of the greenhouse is controlled to be 40m, the width of the greenhouse is controlled to be 3m, and the height of the greenhouse top is 2.5m, and selecting a non-drip greenhouse film to buckle the greenhouse so as to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and prevent water drops;
(3) cultivation of scions
Drying the seeds in the sun for 2 days before sowing, selecting full seeds, putting the selected seeds into a container, soaking the seeds in cold water for 3 hours, putting the seeds into a seed soaking solution for soaking for 15min, taking out the seeds, cleaning the seeds, and putting the seeds into a seed magnetizer for magnetization for 15 min;
preparing a seedbed and a seedling substrate, directly broadcasting the magnetized seeds on the seedling substrate, covering a soil layer, covering a layer of breathable film, removing the film when more than 85% of seedlings emerge, watering for 1 time every 5 days after the seedlings emerge, and taking the obtained watermelon seedlings as scions;
(4) grafting
Grafting watermelon seedlings by taking white-seed pumpkins as stocks, spraying humic acid solution on the grafted seedlings, and managing to ensure good healing;
(5) and planting
Opening planting furrows with the width of 120cm and the depth of 50cm in a planting field at the interval of 100 cm;
opening holes for field planting of the grafted seedlings in the step (4) according to the plant row spacing of 43 x 80cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly in time, and after the seedlings survive for 5 days, earthing up the Yong root and leveling the holes;
(6) daily management of
And (3) fertilizer and water management: watering in good time after field planting; after the melon is grown, when the diameter of the young melon on the plant is 12cm, watering for 1 time every 4 days, and stopping watering 8 days before harvesting;
after the melons are planted, applying additional fertilizer by combining watering and spraying along water, wherein the additional fertilizer is an organic fertilizer;
pruning and pressing vines: when the vines grow to 35cm, the vines are straightened to be evenly distributed, soil blocks are used for pressing the vines on the nodes to promote the generation of adventitious roots, leaf vines are fixed to prevent mutual shading and damage to the roots and leaves due to wind blowing, and then pressing is carried out once every 6 nodes until the vines grow to full of the ridge surface;
(7) harvesting
Timely harvesting mature watermelon, reserving branches and tendrils of 6cm at the upper end of a watermelon handle during harvesting, mixing watermelon seedlings with decomposed farmyard manure after harvesting, and using the watermelon seedlings as a base fertilizer after deep ploughing on land.
Wherein,
the watermelon varieties in the step (1) are a seed tripod No. 3 and a Tianyuan gift No. 1.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seed soaking solution is prepared by respectively dissolving 18 parts of gibberellin, 15 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of vitamin C, 10 parts of vitamin E, 7 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, 3 parts of carbendazim, 2 parts of borax and 18 parts of the balance of water in water, mixing, adding water to dilute to a required concentration, and fully and uniformly stirring.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: ploughing the field cultivated soil without the seeds of the melons and the decomposed base fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture, adding 55% of carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 3% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The decomposed base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of sawdust, 21 parts of coconut chaff, 18 parts of rice bran, 14 parts of plant ash, 11 parts of cow dung, 9 parts of vermiculite and 6 parts of EM zymophyte.
And (4) grafting in the step (4) under the condition that 5 true leaves exist when the seedling is 25 days old.
The step (4) of managing the grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 85% within 3 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night, starting to blow air to harden the seedlings after 9 days, cutting off the root of the scion after the scion germinates, and timely removing the stock buds.
The step (6) further comprises temperature management: after planting, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 32 ℃ in the daytime and 17 ℃ at night; in the flowering and fruiting period, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 28 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night; after the watermelon is seated, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 15 ℃ so as to be beneficial to the growth of the watermelon.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium tetraborate, 4 parts of cane sugar, 3 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 9 parts of water.
Example 3
A pollution-free watermelon cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field and a variety
Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, rich soil and convenient drainage as a planting field;
selecting a watermelon variety suitable for greenhouse planting;
(2) soil preparation and building of greenhouse
Preparing soil in winter, deeply ploughing for 35cm, adjusting the pH value of soil to 6.3, applying 550kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 70kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu of land, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fully decomposing chicken and duck manure, straw powder and vinasse;
building a greenhouse after soil preparation, wherein the length of the greenhouse is controlled to be 30m, the width of the greenhouse is controlled to be 2.5m, and the height of the roof of the greenhouse is 2.3m, and selecting a non-drip greenhouse film to buckle the greenhouse so as to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and prevent water drops;
(3) cultivation of scions
Drying the seeds in the sun for 1 day before sowing, selecting full seeds, putting the selected seeds into a container, soaking in cold water for 2.5h, then putting the seeds into a seed soaking solution for soaking for 12min, taking out and cleaning, and putting the seeds into a seed magnetizer for magnetization for 12 min;
preparing a seedbed and a seedling substrate, directly broadcasting the magnetized seeds on the seedling substrate, covering a soil layer, covering a layer of breathable film, removing the film when more than 85% of seedlings emerge, watering for 1 time every 4 days after the seedlings emerge, and taking the obtained watermelon seedlings as scions;
(4) grafting
Grafting watermelon seedlings by taking white-seed pumpkins as stocks, spraying humic acid solution on the grafted seedlings, and managing to ensure good healing;
(5) and planting
Opening planting furrows with the width of 110cm and the depth of 45cm in a planting field at a distance of 90 cm;
opening holes for field planting of the grafted seedlings in the step (4) according to the plant row spacing of 43 x 80cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly in time, and after the seedlings survive for 4 days, earthing up the Yong root and leveling the holes;
(6) daily management of
And (3) fertilizer and water management: watering in good time after field planting; after the melon is grown, when the diameter of the young melon on the plant is 11cm, watering for 1 time every 3 days, and stopping watering 7 days before harvesting;
after the melons are planted, applying additional fertilizer by combining watering and spraying along water, wherein the additional fertilizer is an organic fertilizer;
pruning and pressing vines: when the vines grow to 32cm, the vines are straightened to be evenly distributed, soil blocks are used for pressing the vines on the nodes to promote the generation of adventitious roots, leaf vines are fixed to prevent mutual shading and damage to the roots and leaves due to wind blowing, and then pressing is carried out once every 5 nodes until the vines grow to full of the ridge surface;
(7) harvesting
Timely harvesting mature watermelon, reserving branches and tendrils of 5cm at the upper end of a watermelon handle during harvesting, mixing watermelon seedlings with decomposed farmyard manure after harvesting, and using the watermelon seedlings as a base fertilizer after deep ploughing on land.
Wherein,
the watermelon variety in the step (1) is morning beauty and Tianyuan gift No. 1.
The seed soaking liquid in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seed soaking solution is prepared by respectively dissolving 17 parts of gibberellin, 14.5 parts of chitosan, 11 parts of vitamin C, 9.5 parts of vitamin E, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 3.5 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, 2.5 parts of carbendazim, 1.5 parts of borax and 17.5 parts of the balance of water in water, mixing, adding water to dilute to the required concentration, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: ploughing the field cultivated soil without the seeds of the melons and the decomposed base fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3: 1, sieving with a 35-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture, adding 50% of carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 2% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The decomposed base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23.5 parts of sawdust, 20.5 parts of coconut coir, 17 parts of rice bran, 13 parts of plant ash, 10.5 parts of cow dung, 8.5 parts of vermiculite and 5.5 parts of EM zymophyte.
And (4) grafting in the step (4) under the condition that 4 true leaves exist when the seedling is 23 days old.
The step (4) of managing the grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: keeping the humidity in the greenhouse at 82% within 2 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 26 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night, starting to blow air to harden the seedlings after 8 days, cutting off the root of the scion after the scion germinates, and timely removing the stock buds.
The step (6) further comprises temperature management: after planting, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 31 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night; in the flowering and fruiting period, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 26 ℃ in the daytime and 17 ℃ at night; after the watermelon is seated, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 12 ℃ so as to be beneficial to the growth of the watermelon.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8.5 parts of urea, 7 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4.5 parts of sodium tetraborate, 3.5 parts of cane sugar, 2.5 parts of calcium chloride, 1.5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 8.5 parts of water.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pollution-free watermelon cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting field and a variety
Selecting sandy soil with thick soil layer, rich soil and convenient drainage as a planting field;
selecting a watermelon variety suitable for greenhouse planting;
(2) soil preparation and building of greenhouse
Preparing soil in winter, deeply ploughing for 30-40 cm, adjusting the pH value of soil to 6.2-6.5, applying 500-600 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 60-80 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu of soil, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fully decomposing chicken and duck manure, straw powder and vinasse;
building a greenhouse after soil preparation, wherein the length of the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-40 m, the width of the greenhouse is controlled to be 2-3 m, the height of the greenhouse top is 2.1-2.5 m, and a non-drop greenhouse film is selected to buckle the greenhouse so as to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and prevent water drops;
(3) cultivation of scions
Drying the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days before sowing, selecting full seeds, putting the selected seeds into a container, soaking the seeds in cold water for 2-3 hours, then putting the seeds into a seed soaking liquid for soaking for 10-15 min, fishing out, cleaning, and putting the seeds into a seed magnetizer for magnetization for 10-15 min;
preparing a seedbed and a seedling substrate, directly broadcasting the magnetized seeds on the seedling substrate, covering a soil layer, covering a layer of breathable film, removing the film when more than 85% of seedlings emerge, watering for 1 time every 3-5 days after the seedlings emerge, and taking the obtained watermelon seedlings as scions;
(4) grafting
Grafting watermelon seedlings by taking white-seed pumpkins as stocks, spraying humic acid solution on the grafted seedlings, and managing to ensure good healing;
(5) and planting
Opening planting furrows with the width of 100-120 cm and the depth of 40-50 cm in a planting field, wherein the distance between the planting furrows is 80-100 cm;
opening holes for field planting of the grafted seedlings in the step (4) according to the plant row spacing of 43 x 80cm, watering root fixing water thoroughly in time, and after the grafted seedlings survive for 3-5 days, earthing up the Yong root and leveling the holes;
(6) daily management of
And (3) fertilizer and water management: watering in good time after field planting; after the watermelon grows, when the diameter of the young watermelon on the plant is 10-12 cm, watering for 1 time every 3-4 days, and stopping watering 6-8 days before harvesting;
after the melons are planted, applying additional fertilizer by combining watering and spraying along water, wherein the additional fertilizer is an organic fertilizer;
pruning and pressing vines: when the vines grow to be 30-35 cm, the vines are trimmed, the vines are straightened to be evenly distributed, soil blocks are used for pressing the vines on the nodes to promote generation of adventitious roots, leaf vines are fixed, the roots and leaves are prevented from being damaged by mutual shading and wind blowing, and then pressing is carried out once every 5-6 nodes until the vines grow to fill the ridge surface;
(7) harvesting
Timely harvesting mature watermelons, reserving 4-6 cm branches at the upper end of a watermelon handle during harvesting, mixing watermelon seedlings with decomposed farmyard manure after harvesting, and using the mixture as a base fertilizer after deep soil plowing.
2. The cultivation method of pollution-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the watermelon variety in step (1) is one or more of morning beauty, child ancient cooking vessel No. 3 and Tianyun gift No. 1.
3. The cultivation method of pollution-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking liquid in step (3) comprises the following raw materials: 16-18 parts of gibberellin, 14-15 parts of chitosan, 10-12 parts of vitamin C, 9-10 parts of vitamin E, 5-7 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-4 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, 2-3 parts of carbendazim, 1-2 parts of borax and 17-18 parts of the balance of water, respectively dissolving the raw materials in water, mixing, adding water to dilute to a required concentration, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed soaking solution.
4. The cultivation method of pollution-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the seedling substrate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: ploughing the field cultivated soil without the seeds of the melons and a decomposed base fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3-4: 1, sieving the mixture by a sieve of 30-40 meshes to obtain a mixture, adding 40-55% of carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 1-3% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seedling culture medium.
5. The cultivation method of nuisance-free watermelon according to claim 4, wherein the decomposed base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 22-25 parts of sawdust, 20-21 parts of coconut coir, 16-18 parts of rice bran, 12-14 parts of plant ash, 10-11 parts of cow dung, 8-9 parts of vermiculite and 5-6 parts of EM zymophyte.
6. The cultivation method of pollution-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the grafting in step (4) is performed under the condition that 4-5 true leaves are available when the seedling is 20-25 days old.
7. The cultivation method of pollution-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of managing the grafted seedlings comprises: keeping the humidity in the greenhouse to be 80-85% within 2-3 days after grafting, keeping the temperature in the daytime to be 25-28 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 15-18 ℃, starting to blow air to harden the seedlings after 8-9 days, cutting off the root of the scion after the scion germinates, and timely wiping off the stock buds.
8. The cultivation method of nuisance-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein said step (6) further comprises temperature management: after planting, controlling the temperature of the greenhouse to be 30-32 ℃ in the daytime and 16-17 ℃ at night; in the flowering and fruiting period, controlling the greenhouse temperature to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 17-18 ℃ at night; after the watermelon is seated, the temperature difference between day and night is controlled to be 10-15 ℃, so that the watermelon can grow conveniently.
9. The cultivation method of pollution-free watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer of step (6) comprises the following raw materials: 8-9 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4-5 parts of sodium tetraborate, 3-4 parts of sucrose, 2-3 parts of calcium chloride, 1-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 8-9 parts of water.
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| CN108934823A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-07 | 思南县华丰果蔬专业合作社 | A method of cultivating watermelon |
| CN112690179A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-04-23 | 张家港果匠新农人农业技术发展有限公司 | Greenhouse watermelon planting process |
| CN116058252A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-05 | 惠州护地农科有限公司 | Preparation method of soil improvement matrix |
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| CN112690179A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-04-23 | 张家港果匠新农人农业技术发展有限公司 | Greenhouse watermelon planting process |
| CN116058252A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-05 | 惠州护地农科有限公司 | Preparation method of soil improvement matrix |
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