CN108114977A - It is a kind of to utilize super enriching plant and the method in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation - Google Patents
It is a kind of to utilize super enriching plant and the method in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
Super enriching plant and the method in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation are utilized the invention discloses a kind of.Described method includes following steps：Cd-hyperaccumulator and energy-source plant are planted according to its natural growth period in cadmium pollution arable soil, conventional cultivation is carried out, by the absorption of the Cd-hyperaccumulator and the energy-source plant to cadmium and accumulation ability, achievees the purpose that restoring cadmium polluted arable land；The Cd-hyperaccumulator is S.plumbizincicola；The energy-source plant is sorghum or rape.The present invention provides a kind of cropping patterns from season of growth limitation, and with 1 year for repairing efficiency, multicroping utilizes longer growth cycle, pollution arable soil remediation efficiency is made to get a promotion, repairing efficiency shorten and it is workable, it is at low cost, repair it is more thorough.
Description
Technical field
Super enriching plant and the side in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation are utilized the present invention relates to a kind of
Method belongs to the phytoremediation technology field of contaminated soil.
Background technology
With urbanization, industrialized accelerated development, the heavy metal pollution of soil problem of getting worse is to human health
Serious threat is caused with social development.The aggravation of heavy metal pollution of soil not only influences the normal use of agricultural land soil and causes ground
Lower water water quality deterioration, and agricultural product quality and quality problem are brought, serious threat to Living environment safety of human being and ecological environment peace
Entirely.The Heavy Metal Pollution In Cultivated Land event of national large area takes place frequently in recent years.State Council's in May, 2016 issue《Soil pollution
Prevent action plan》It proposes：To the year two thousand twenty, contaminated achilles tendon tear utilization rate reaches 90% or so, pollutes plot safe utilization
Rate reaches more than 90%.To the year two thousand thirty, contaminated achilles tendon tear utilization rate reaches more than 95%, and pollution plot safe utilization rate reaches
To more than 95%.To the year two thousand twenty, contaminated arable land is administered reaches 10,000,000 mu with repaired area.Face the bright of " ten, soil " proposition
Really requirement, it is imperative that China is repaired in arable land.
Tradition arable land heavy metal pollution recovery technique includes agronomy regulation, passivation is repaired and phytoremediation.Agronomy regulation side
Method includes broadcasting sowing quick lime adjusting soil pH value, water management and screens crop varieties with low heavy metal accumulation, and this method is still deposited
It is not thorough in reparation, soil hardening, peasant may be caused to participate in the problems such as enthusiasm is low；Passivation, which is repaired, to be managed by adjusting soil
Change the reactions such as property and oxidationreduction, reduce the validity of heavy metal in soil, this method still has repairing effect shakiness
It is fixed, soil quality may be influenced, chronic administration mainly to aid in agronomy regulation in actual arable land reparation at present there are ecological risk.
Phytoremediation technology is a kind of bioremediation Technology for more potentiality that developed recently gets up, and is mainly carried including plant
Take, phytovolatilization, plant passivation with plant filter four types.Arable land is generally repaired by the way of plant extract at present, i.e.,
Using the physiology of heavy metal super-enriched plant, ecology and biochemical function, activating rhizosphere heavy metal-polluted soil activity is absorbed and is transported to
Plant shoot, harvesting aerial part burns again after completing reparation task, is finally filled as solid waste, so as to reach
Except the purpose of heavy metal contaminants exceeded in arable soil.Phytoremediation technology is using low cost, high efficiency, original position to be excellent
Gesture, the safe heavy metal contaminants handled in arable soil environment.But the big multi-biomass of super enriching plant is smaller and grows
It is slow and less economical, and generally have in the big plant of economic benefit, biomass that heavy metal concentration is relatively low, often exist and repair
Excessive cycle, it is difficult to meet quick the needs of repairing Farmland contamination.
Therefore, to the urgency for reparation task of ploughing in issue " ten, soil ", China is as populous nation in addition
Grain security situation is, it is necessary in the phytoremediation technology that a kind of exploitation reparation in this field is quick, the cycle is short.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of quick reparation Heavy Metal Pollution In Cultivated Land, surpass richness using heavy metal
Collect in plant-S.plumbizincicola and energy-source plant-sorghum and rape 1 year two batches, the mode of more batches of crop rotations in repairing efficiency utilizes
The mode of crop rotation plantation shortens the cycle of Heavy Metal Pollution In Cultivated Land improvement, directly improves remediation efficiency；And reduce
Arable land free time solves to be utilized respectively existing for super enriching plant and energy-source plant and is subject to seasonal restrictions, is slow-growing, biological
The problems such as measuring small small, landfill amount and deficiency in economic performance.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of method ploughed using red-spotted stonecrop plant and the quick improvement cadmium pollution of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation, is specifically used
There is the mode that super enriching plant and energy-source plant shifting cultivation are carried out sequentially between season or between year.
The method of the present invention, which can solve continuously to plant super enriching plant in 1 year in acid soil in the south, can influence to repair effect
The problem of fruit, quickly realizes efficient repairing heavy metal pollution arable land.
Wherein, the preferred S.plumbizincicola of the Cd-hyperaccumulator；The preferred sorghum of the energy-source plant or rape, rape variety
Select index is carried out according to height low standard low with sulphur resources in rape cake containing content of erucic acid in measurement, vegetable seed (high oil is double low)
It plants.
Specific embodiment is：
April transplanting scape S.plumbizincicola is until July harvest；After early August Soil tillage, planted late August
Sorghum, the middle ten days and the last ten days in October direct-sowing rape gather in sorghum and rape overground part respectively late October and April next year, removably under
Portion.
When implementing the method for the present invention, it can carry out as steps described below：
A) determine to repair arable land
Selected heavy metal pollution arable land to be repaired confirms that atmosphere pollution sedimentation pollution sources are truncated, and irrigation water water quality meets
It is required that.Multiple cells are divided into entirely polluting cultivation area, per 64m2For a cell, the Sub-region and hierarchical acquisition initial sample of soil
Soil pollution situation and fertility state are grasped in product, check analysis.
B) site preparation is turned over
It delimit and repairs cell, implement soil cultivation, general 15~30cm of tilling depth, 30~70cm of row spacing, with specific reference to preceding stubble
And the Root Distribution and growing way of second stubble crop, judge tilth and row spacing.Generally can combine turn over apply organic fertilizer with it is compound
Fertilizer.It turns over smooth, builds stalk and do furrow.
C) red-spotted stonecrop plantation and field management
Determine planting density；
When the soil moisture is up to 15~20 DEG C, (southern the greater part general mid-March to four during field capacity about 70%
The middle of the month), selection is grown fine the S.plumbizincicola maternal plant of no disease and pests harm, is retained the stem section of 3~5 buds (8~15cm), is trimmed stem
The blade of section base portion 1/3rd, is transplanted after standing 1~3 day in the cool, and blade can be made to cut injury with stem section after wound healing
Without putrefaction increases transplanting survival rate.
Excavate planting pit simultaneously apply fertilizer, mid-April by the S.plumbizincicola nutrition branch oblique cutting of plant height about 10cm into soil, must
During palpus ensures growing end upward, and stem section is not buried all, prevent that upper end stem cell dehydration is too fast, and lower end water suction is slow
It is and dead.When nutrition branch grows young root, the urea liquid for spraying 0.5% in time carries out foliage spray；
Red-spotted stonecrop easily infects mushroom in the environment of high temperature, high humidity and rots, and a bacterium more than 50% is sprayed within the 3rd day after inserting
The solution of clever 0.125% concentration, prevention disease pest occur to be beneficial to early take root；
It is irrigated according to soil moisture content, ensures that plant survives.It periodically loosens the soil and weeding, imposing concentration after one month is
0.1%~0.2% liquid fertilizer is once.
D) red-spotted stonecrop harvesting post processing
There is leaf natural and comes off return arable land in S.plumbizincicola in order to prevent, in red-spotted stonecrop phase in great numbers late July harvest scape
My god, plant in-vivo heavy metal content is detected, is sent to garbage burning factory or biomass power plant, combustion power generation, flying dust and clinker are done
Further harmless resource utilization disposal.
E) energy-source plant Cultivate administration
Early August or the middle ten days turn over arable land again, implementation soil deep ploughing, and general 25~30cm of tilling depth, row spacing 50~
60cm does not break between each cell, and sorghum or rape is broadcast live；
Sorghum different growth stage is different to the uptake and speed of N, P, K element.According to " cultivation and banking,
The principle of fertilising in due course ", top dressing ceiling effect period is in jointing stage, followed by boot stage.Intertillage trench digging is combined after jointing
Ridging, promotes root section, prevents from lodging.
The timely final singling of winter rape：Thinning, final singling generally in 3~5 true leaves after emergence, plantation density are per acre 4~60,000
Strain；1~2 intertillage is carried out after emergence, to eliminate weeds, promotes growth of seedling；The plot for having irrigation conditions combines soil moisture in the soil
Feelings are poured water in time and top dressing, top dressing (5-10kg/ mus of urea) based on nitrogenous fertilizer.
F) energy-source plant harvesting post processing
Sorghum harvests late October, and rape harvests overground part April next year, and sampling Detection plant shoot cadmium contains
Amount, broomcorn straw are sent to alcohol fermentation factory, are fermented into industrial alcohol, and generated vinasse are used for biomass power generation, production in the process
Raw economic value is increasing peasant income.Rape seed is pressed as edible oil, and feed or fertilizer are made in the processing of dregs of rice cake Non-toxic, and stalk is used
In biomass power generation.
S.plumbizincicola, sorghum and the rape that the present invention uses can show preferable soil-grown adaptability, in dirt
There are preferable tolerance and enriching to cadmium in dye arable soil, arable soil idle periods are effectively make use of, with the side of crop rotation
Formula combines that red-spotted stonecrop plant is big to the hyperaccumulation of cadmium and energy-source plant biomass and the advantage of economy, increases plant pair
Uptake in arable soil, so as to fulfill the quick reparation of arable land heavy-metal contaminated soil.
The S.plumbizincicola that the present invention uses is a kind of crassulaceae plants for being grown on Zhejiang Pb-Zn deposits area, is had super rich
Collect cadmium, the ability of lead, 10~40cm of plant height.
The sorghum that the present invention uses, belongs to grass family sorghum, sorghum mutation, annual herb plant, high 3~5m, fits
Answering property is stronger, drought-enduring, waterlogging, saline-alkali tolerant etc..
The rape that the present invention uses belongs to Cruciferae Brassica genus, more year life or annual herb plant.
S.plumbizincicola, sorghum and the rape that the present invention uses can be by the heavy metals extracted in arable layer with being transferred to plant
Top by burning disposal after harvest, collects flying dust or lime-ash is filled as solid waste or recycling recycling.Next year
Repeat above reparation flow.
In restorative procedure of the present invention, the super enriching plant S.plumbizincicola and heavy metal of use are middle and high to wait the accumulation types energy to plant
Object sorghum and rape, cadmium that can be in cadmium pollution arable soil in normal growth and Enriching soil.Due to three of the above reparation
Plant soil adaptive faculty is strong, can be improved to different root system of plant depth nutrition interest rates and light-use with the cropping pattern of crop rotation
Rate solves the problems, such as perishable and be limited and make by the super enriching plant season of growth in high-temperature high humidity season red-spotted stonecrop plant root
The phenomenon that leaving unused into pollution arable land.Therefore, the present invention is using the S.plumbizincicola for having hyperaccumulation to cadmium, the big weight with biomass
Metal is middle and high to wait accumulation types sorghum and rape, and crop rotation plantation is carried out on cadmium pollution arable land, effectively make use of S.plumbizincicola,
The nutritional ingredient and the efficiency of light energy utilization of the different depth root system of sorghum and rape reduce pollution arable land free time, further
Plant is increased to cadmium extracted amount in soil, cadmium remediation efficiency is improved, effectively shortens cadmium pollution arable land reparation week so as to reach
The target of phase.
To sum up, the present invention has the advantages that：
The present invention carries out crop rotation kind using the big sorghum of the upperground part biomass and rape with super enriching plant S.plumbizincicola
It plants rather than nonoculture super enriching plant or the big energy-source plant of nonoculture biomass is repaired, not only improve plant to pollution
The total extracted amount of heavy metal in soil shortens repairing efficiency, and energy-source plant has certain economic utilization mode, for
Industry Model is repaired in arable land certain economic boost effect.The present invention provides a kind of plantations from season of growth limitation
Pattern, with 1 year for repairing efficiency, multicroping utilizes longer growth cycle, is carried pollution arable soil remediation efficiency
Rise, repairing efficiency shorten and it is workable, it is at low cost, repair it is more thorough.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is crop rotation and Cadmium in Soil reduced rate under nonoculture pattern in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is crop rotation and plant shoot cadmium extracted amount under nonoculture pattern in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples is commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1, cadmium pollution arable land repairing test
1st, trial zone overview
Trial zone is located at county of Hunan Province, and this area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, 17 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, annual drop
Water 1392mm.Experimental field for mining area by heavy metal pollution farmland, due to upwind metallurgical works long term atmospheric sedimentation and
Sewage irrigation causes cadmium in agricultural land soil slightly exceeded, soil pH value 5.2, cadmium concentration average out in plough horizon
0.6mg/kg。
2nd, experimental design
Trial zone includes 1 check plot and 2 processing groups, carries out 3 repetitions respectively, and cell number is equal to processing number, often
A processing group is 6m × 10.5m.
Specific processing is as follows：Processing group 1 is S.plumbizincicola single (CK), and processing group 2 is S.plumbizincicola and sorghum crop rotation kind
It plants, processing group 3 is planted for S.plumbizincicola and rape rotation.The on-test in 2016, to soil sample between 2016 to 2017
It is acquired and analyzes with plant sample.Field arrangement is in addition to it should set certain repeating groups in field experimental design, also
Random alignment and the principle of Partial controll should be implemented.Random alignment refers to that in same district's groups each processing group has identical
Probability is appeared in an arbitrary subdistrict position.Partial controll refers to through classifying rationally district's groups, to reach the examination of control field
The method for testing error.
1 field trial Quarter Design scheme of table
| Classification | Numerical value |
| The gross area | 700m2 |
| Protection row | 0.5m |
| Plant line-spacing (red-spotted stonecrop, sorghum, rape) | 0.15m、0.6m、0.2m |
| Plant strain is away from (red-spotted stonecrop, sorghum, rape) | 0.15m、0.2m、0.2m |
| Plant strain number (red-spotted stonecrop, sorghum, rape) | 2844 plants, 534 plants, 800 plants |
| Total processing number | 3 |
| Repeat number | 3 |
| Each processing plot area | 64m2 |
3rd, scheduling is tested
Health, S.plumbizincicola growth branch of the same size are taken, smears root-inducing powder in growth lower end, cuttage is planted in draining
In good soil, soil is using vermiculite, turfy soil and sandy soil according to 1：1：3 configurations.Since sengreen need not have
Deep root system goes to draw the moisture of soil bottom, and the depth of cuttage is not required too deep general 3 centimetres.The root long of long shoot to be generated is about
5cm has 6 true leaves that can transplant to crop field.
S.plumbizincicola is moved cuttage to each processing group in experimental plot by the beginning of April, is harvested 9 processing group red-spotted stonecrops late July and is planted
Strain, autumn harvest after in time stubble ploughing, rotary tillage, rake the soil level, general 25 centimetres of tilling depth, 50~60 centimetres of row spacing are accumulated with stubble autumn and winter after guarantor
The moisture in upper soll layer is stored, for germination, accomplishes that nothing is balked, without clod.Late August plants sorghum in second processing group,
Late October harvests sorghum；In the middle ten days and the last ten days in October in the 3rd processing group direct-sowing rape, rape is harvested late April next year.According to
The Root Distribution and growing way of preceding stubble and second stubble crop judge tilth and row spacing.It can generally combine and turn over application organic fertilizer, plough
Deep 15~30cm, 30~70cm of row spacing apply fertilizer as soil of deep ploughing prior to seeding, for the first time applications of farmyard manure 1000kg per acre, nitrogenous fertilizer
25kg, phosphate fertilizer 8kg, potash fertilizer 5kg.It builds stalk and does furrow, per the wide 1.5~2.5m of furrow.
4th, sampling and analysis
It is sampled respectively in every cell along serpentine route with bamboo sampler before and after experiment, every 1 square meter, one soil sample,
Non-rhizosphere soils are gathered, 1kg is mixed into and air-dries as pedotheque；Tap water and deionized water are used after plant harvest per cell
It successively cleans, dry, weighing, crushing spare.Pedotheque is disappeared using chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid to be boiled, plant sample HNO3-HClO4Disappear
After boiling, Cd concentration uses atomic absorption spectrometry.
Data preparation result (Cadmium in Soil reduced rate and plant shoot cadmium extracted amount) is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
The Cadmium in Soil mean repair rate taken turns by red-spotted stonecrop it can be seen from Fig. 1-2 and sorghum under dealing with is that single is planted with ore deposit scape
It 1.54 times, the plant shoot cadmium extracted amount that is averaged is that single plants 1.31 times of S.plumbizincicola；Red-spotted stonecrop is handled with rape rotation
Under Cadmium in Soil mean repair rate be that single plants 1.17 times of S.plumbizincicola, the plant shoot cadmium extracted amount that be averaged is single plant companion
1.2 times of ore deposit red-spotted stonecrop.Show that S.plumbizincicola adds uptake of the plant to cadmium in soil with energy-source plant crop rotation plantation, and carry
Cadium In Polluted Soil removal rate is risen, wherein utilizing S.plumbizincicola and the average annual reduction for repairing slight pollution arable land of sorghum crop rotation
Rate is up to 31.6%.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for planting restoring cadmium polluted arable land using super enriching plant and energy-source plant crop rotation, includes the following steps：
Cd-hyperaccumulator and energy-source plant are planted according to its natural growth period in cadmium pollution arable soil, carry out conventional cultivation
Training, by the absorption of the Cd-hyperaccumulator and the energy-source plant to cadmium and accumulation ability, reaches restoring cadmium polluted arable land
Purpose；
The growth period of the Cd-hyperaccumulator and the energy-source plant staggers.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The Cd-hyperaccumulator is S.plumbizincicola；
The energy-source plant is sorghum or rape.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：The S.plumbizincicola is colonized by the way of cuttage；
Before the cuttage, carry out site preparation and turn over and apply fertilizer；
It is 65%~75% that field capacity is kept in repairing efficiency.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that：The tilling depth that the site preparation is turned over is 15~30cm, and row spacing is
30~70cm.
5. according to the method any one of claim 2-4, it is characterised in that：The S.plumbizincicola is transplanted April,
July harvests；Then the sorghum is planted August to October or plants the rape April October to next year.
6. according to the method any one of claim 2-5, it is characterised in that：Be broadcast live the sorghum or the rape it
Before, it carries out arable land and turns over, the tilling depth turned over of ploughing is 25~30cm, and row spacing is 50~60cm.
7. according to the method any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that：After repairing efficiency, the cadmium surpasses richness
It is burned after collection plant shoot harvesting, is filled or recycled as solid waste after ashing.
8. according to the described method of any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that：The straw of the energy-source plant carries out direct combustion
Power generation, secondary use fermenting and producing industrial alcohol can be carbonized as charcoal.
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