CN105532227A - Sweet-sorghum field planting method for remedying Cd, Pb and Cr compound contaminated soil - Google Patents
Sweet-sorghum field planting method for remedying Cd, Pb and Cr compound contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sweet-sorghum field planting method for remedying Cd, Pb and Cr compound contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out seed selection; (2) carrying out land preparation; (3) carrying out sowing; (4) carrying out field management; and (5) carrying out harvesting and processing. After a ripening stage, whole sweet sorghum plants are dug out together with roots, and through the heavy-metal absorbing, enriching and transferring capability of sweet sorghum in a natural growth process, excessive heavy metals are removed from soil. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the cost is low, the operation is simple, physicochemical properties of the soil are not damaged, no secondary pollution is caused, the biological yield is high, and the sweet sorghum has both tolerance and enriching capability to ternary heavy metals. Heavy-metal contaminated arid-semiarid boundary land resources can be effectively utilized, so that the competition to limited arable land between energy crops and grain crops is avoided, and compound heavy-metal contaminated soil can be effectively remedied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecological restoration technical field of environmental pollution, relate to a kind of method utilizing renewable energy resources plant sugar grass restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, especially a kind of sugar grass repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil.
Background technology
The existence of heavy metal in air, soil and water produces serious influence to biologic artifact, and its biological concentration in food chain has danger (SanitadiToppil, GabbrielliG.Responsetocadmiuminhigherplants [J] .EnvironmentalandExperimentalBotany, 1999,41:105-130).Therefore, heavy-metal contaminated soil is not suitable for plant the crop that grain, feed, fruits and vegetables etc. enter food chain.On the other hand, face the in short supply of the fossil fuel resources such as the oil in international coverage, coal, develop energy plant resources becomes heat subject.
In the last few years, the phytoremediation on heavy metal pollution ground mainly concentrated on the research field of super enriching plant.But super enriching plant exists the drawbacks such as biomass is little, root system is shallow in pollution amelioration process, the soil on impurely surface is therefore only had to be repaired.Therefore desirable phytoremediation species should have mcroorganism amount, the dark feature such as root system and enrichment high concentration heavy metal.
Someone proposes the soil of the general phytoremediation heavy metal pollution of available high-biomass, although its amount absorbing heavy metal is less, because biomass is high, the total metals finally absorbed may be more.(the Yang Yong such as Yang Yong, Wang Wei, Jiang Rongfeng, Deng. over-accumulated plant compares [J] with high-biomass plant extract Cd efficiency. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29 (5): 2732-2737) super enriching plant penny cress and 3 kinds of high-biomass plant Indian mustards (Brassicajuncea) are compared, tobacco (NicotianatabacumL) and sunflower (HelianthusannuusL) extract the difference of Cd efficiency, result shows that the extracted amount of tobacco to Cd is maximum, that Indian mustard and super enriching plant penny cress are to about 4 of Cd extracted amount times, that sunflower is to 13 of Cd extracted amount times, thus demonstrate the reparation that some high-biomass plants may be used for heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Switchgrass, Chinese silvergrass equal energy source plant mainly utilize cellulose to produce ethanol for raw material, utilize the cost of cellulose raw producing and ethanol very high at present, and in actual production, application is few.Although and utilize corn, beet etc. to be rich in the technology comparative maturity of crop production ethanol of starch, sugar, but its plantation takies a large amount of arable land, the principle that the energy-source plant exploitation determined according to country " does not strive grain with people; do not strive ground with grain ", the selection of raw material more and more becomes the limiting factor (Jia Weitao of alcohol production, Lv Sulian, Feng Juanjuan. utilize energy-source plant to administer heavy metal pollution of soil [J]. Chinese biological engineering magazine ChinaBiotechnology, 2015,35 (1): 88-95).
Sugar grass is compared than other cereal crop, has drought resisting, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, resistance to hemorrhoid are thin, high temperature resistant and the feature such as dry heat resistance wind.In view of the feature of himself, in conjunction with present stage phytoremediation application present situation, if sugar grass can absorb heavy metal-polluted soil while as energy-source plant cultivation, the heavy metal element of its body absorption will concentrate in vinasse after biofermentation, the latter burns into ashes makes heavy metal highly enriched, ashes can be used for after continuing process industrial production (Li Shizhong. development multifunctional agriculture, build green " oil field " and " silo " [J]. Chinese agriculture scientific and technological .2014,66-69).Therefore, sugar grass restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal is utilized to have very large potentiality.
As Main Heavy Metal plant being produced to toxic action, in natural environment, there is symbiosis, thus easily form combined pollution in cadmium, lead, chromium.At present, more existing Chinese sorghums (sugar grass) absorb the research report of heavy metal both at home and abroad, but mostly concentrate on physiological level (KuriakoseSV, PrasadMNV.Cadmiumstressaffectsseedgerminationandseedling growthinSorghumbicolorL.Moenchbychangingtheactivitiesofh ydrolyzingenzymes.PlantGrowthRegulation, 2008,54 (2): 143-156.SoudekP
va ň kov á R, etal.AccumulationofheavymetalsusingSorghumsp [J] .Chemosphere, 2013,104:15-24), wherein in the research of minority about binary pollution stress, although people have recognized there is interaction between different heavy metal element, but make the less (MetwaliMR deeply dissected, GowayedSMH, Al-MaghrabiOA, etal.Evaluationoftoxiceffectofcopperandcadmiumongrowth, physiologicaltraitsandproteinprofileofwheat (TriticumaestiviumL.), maize (ZeamaysL.) andsorghum (SorghumbicolorL.) [J], WorldAppliedSciencesJournal, 2013, 21 more than (3): 301-314. hypo, Song Jing, Luo Yongming, Deng. representative heavy metal polluted agricultural land energy-source plant demonstration plant research [J]. environmental monitoring and technology, 2011, 23 (2): 71-76), and research that relevant ternary is coerced report is less, wherein Cd, Pb, Cr ternary coerces on the research of sugar grass impact and heavy-metal movement removing solid capacity that there is not been reported, therefore needs a kind of method of reparation Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil newly badly.
By retrieval, find following several sections of patent publication us relevant to patent application of the present invention:
1, a kind of method for comprehensive repairing of heavy-metal contaminated soil and application (CN104324933A), disclose a kind of method for comprehensive repairing and application of heavy-metal contaminated soil, belong to environmental pollution improvement and technical field of new energies.Method provided by the present invention is the grown on soil sugar grass in heavy metal pollution, sugar grass is utilized to absorb heavy metal, sugar grass is gathered in the crops after maturation, and sweet sorghum stalk is pulverized laggard row solid fermentation, ethanol after fermentation in Distillation recovery tunning, by after bottoms preliminarily dried with the mixed combustion of root of the crop leaf, recycling ash content in heavy metal.Method provided by the present invention has that crop biomass is large, heavy metal adsorption efficiency is high, and the stalk simultaneously produced can be used for fermentation to produce biological fuel, can not produce the secondary pollutant such as natural pond liquid, natural pond slag, have good environmental benefit after fermentation; Chinese sorghum fringe can be used for making medium or making feed, has huge Social benefit and economic benefit, is suitable for Industry Promotion.
2, a kind of method (CN103495600A) of repairing acid heavy metal contaminated soil, discloses a kind of method of repairing acid heavy metal contaminated soil.(1) oxytropism heavy-metal contaminated soil applies farmyard manure or mixing modifying agent; The pH value of acid heavy metal contaminated soil is 2 ~ 5, and heavy metal refers to zinc, lead and cadmium; Farmyard manure is that pig manure and ash mix, and the mass ratio of pig manure and ash is 4:1; Mixing modifying agent is that white lime+farmyard manure+mud+NPK is fertile; (2) the soil planting forage grass after step (1) process, keeps ground moistening; Described herbage is one or more in zea mexicana, feeding sugar grass and hybrid Chinese pennisetum; (3) treat that in step (2), herbage grows up, gather in the crops, this herbage reaches national feed safety sanitary standard, can be used for feed production and livestock culture.Advantage of the present invention is: cost is low, easy to operate; Not only can reach the object that repairing polluted soil limit, limit produces, and the post-processed problem of rehabilitation plant can be solved.
3, the endophyte repaired of a kind of Promoting plant growth and heavy-metal contaminated soil and application (CN102161976A), the endophyte providing a kind of Promoting plant growth and heavy-metal contaminated soil to repair and application.Utilize endophyte SLS18 bacterium liquid to contaminate sugar grass by the mode of seed leaching bacterium, make endophyte SLS18 surely grow each stage with sugar grass growth in sugar grass body, thus promote the growth of sugar grass on heavy metal pollution marginal land and soil remediation.Endophyte SLS18 is separated from over-accumulated plant Phytolacca acinosa stem and through screening gained, is that one can successfully be grown in sugar grass body surely, and has obvious growth promoting function to sugar grass and have the endophyte of heavy metal resistance.The present invention is simple to operate, safety, economy, new pollution is not introduced to soil environment, effectively can not only utilize the Marginal land resource of heavy metal pollution, thus avoid energy crop and cereal crops to the competition in limited arable land, can also the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution effectively.
By contrast, there are the different of essence in patent application of the present invention and above-mentioned patent publication us.The invention provides a kind of field planting method that sugar grass repairs Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil.(1) screen seed, fine day shines 2d ~ 3d and kills pathogen; (2) wholely; (3) directly planted and Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil by 1 film 2 row mode when 12 DEG C when 5cm soil temperature is stable; Spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 60cm, density is 8000 plants/acre; (4) replayed at the beginning of by the end of June or 7 months in Keshen of heat abundance and the area such as field or Turfan; (5) apply fertilizer: unit are N, P, K fertilizer amount be respectively 375,300,75kg/hm
2; 75kg/hm is applied before sowing whole ground
2nitrogenous fertilizer, 75kg/hm
2phosphate fertilizer, 0kg/hm
2base manure made by potash fertilizer; Shooting stage applies 150kg/hm
2nitrogenous fertilizer, 150kg/hm
2phosphate fertilizer, 0kg/hm
2potash fertilizer, booting stage applies 150kg/hm
2nitrogenous fertilizer, 75kg/hm
2phosphate fertilizer, 75kg/hm
2potash fertilizer topdresses; (6) irrigate: pour water the time of infertility 4 times ~ 5 times, in order to avoid the lodging grouting middle and later periods controls water in good time; (7) whole for sugar grass strain has been grubbed out by the middle and advanced stage of wax ripeness, removes heavy metal excessive in soil by the absorption enrichment of heavy metal in its Natural growth process and turn-over capacity.
Utilizing the method to cultivate, there is not any murder by poisoning phenomenon at whole growing stage in 10 that participate in the experiment different sugar grass kinds, grows very normal and has good patience and accumulation ability to Cd, Pb, Cr ternary heavy metal simultaneously.By the present invention find sugar grass under Cd, Pb, Cr Community Exposed In Compound-polluted to the transhipment of Cd, Pb and concentration coefficient all higher than 1, heavy metal Cd, Pb have stronger absorbing capacity.Can have more weak accumulation ability by heavy metal Cr, enrichment, transhipment coefficient are all less than 1.Wherein the biological yield per hectare of distant sweet No. 1 reaches 57.33t, is respectively 7.97t, 5.99t, 2.19t to the removal quantity per hectare of Pb, Cd, Cr, has good soil remediation potentiality.A little of the present invention: cost is low, simple to operate, not spoiled soil physicochemical property, do not cause secondary pollution, biological yield high.Effectively can not only utilize the arid and semi-arid Marginal land resource of heavy metal pollution, thus avoid energy crop and cereal crops to the competition in limited arable land, effectively can also repair the soil of Compound Heavy Metals.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, one is provided to utilize renewable energy resources crop sugar grass kind, simple to operate, not spoiled soil physicochemical property, possess again the field planting method of the reparation cadmium of generation economic worth, lead, chromium combined contamination soil simultaneously, the drought resistance that in existing remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, plant exists is weak, poor growth, Aboveground Biomass of Young are low, absorption and accumulation total metals is few to solve, only single heavy metal had to patience and accumulation ability, do not have the problems such as good economic benefit.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Sugar grass repairs a field planting method for Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, and step is as follows:
(1) choose seeds: before broadcasting, want selected sweet sorghum seed, reject flat little, damage and the seed of damaging by worms and foreign material, select the seed that grain is large, full, fine day shines 2d ~ 3d and kills pathogen, promotes that seed physiology is ripe, increases aridity, strengthens seed coat ventilative water permeability, improves germination rate and germination vigor;
(2) wholely:
Spring irrigation is answered in the pollution plot of not carrying out winter irrigation or soil moisture content difference; Suitable moisture in the soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth 25cm, in time rake, a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, and soil reaches requirement that is flat, loose, broken, neat, clean, moisture in the soil;
(3) sow:
Sow in spring: be suitable sowing date when 5cm soil temperature is stable by 12 DEG C, South Sinkiang early April-mid-April, North SinKiang late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, should to lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil early sowing for arid area;
Rational close planting: spacing in the rows 12-20cm, line-spacing 40-80cm, density is 7000-9000 plant/acre, and ensure that the depth of sowing is consistent, sowing depth is 2cm ~ 3cm at clay on the ground, is 5cm on the ground at sandy soil, and soil overlay film adopts 1 film 2 row mode plantation;
Replay: replay at the Arid&semi-arid area of heat abundance, front stubble wheat, rape, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after results, date of seeding, robbed and broadcasts at the beginning of by the end of June or 7 months;
(4) field management:
Thinning: can start to carry out thinning when seedling 2 ~ 3 leaves, height of seedling 10 centimetres;
Final singling: final singling according to plan when 4 ~ 6 leaves, heights of seedling 20 centimetres, go weakly to stay strong, two strain is stayed in the contiguous strain in the place of being short of seedling;
Weeding: artificial or small-sized machine is hoed the fields in sugar grass tillering stage to the shooting stage, removes in time tiller in conjunction with weeding;
Fertilising: unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 227 ~ 375kg/hm
2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 151 ~ 300kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 75 ~ 121kg/hm
2; Base manure made by 20% nitrogenous fertilizer and 25% phosphate fertilizer, remaining fertile in topdressing in jointing and booting stage;
Irrigate: pour water the time of infertility 4 times ~ 5 times, seedling stage restrains the growth of seedlings depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings in good time, heavily fill with jointing water and booting water, the grouting middle and later periods controls water in good time;
(5) gather in the crops and process
Harvest time: after sugar grass grows to maturation, gathers in sugar grass acrial part or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil;
Processing method: whole for sugar grass strain grubbed out after the maturing stage, removes heavy metal excessive in soil by the absorption enrichment of heavy metal in its Natural growth process and turn-over capacity.
And described step (1) middle sweet sorghum seed is the Liao Dynasty sweet No. 1 or sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty;
And described step (1) middle foreign material is clever shell or native stone;
And (2) described step pollutes the arid and semi-arid border zone that plot is Cd, Pb, Cr combined pollution.
And described step (3) middle seeding method is that the direct plastic film mulch of sugar grass is planted in the soil of Cd, Pb, Cr combined pollution; Or described step (3) middle film mulching method is 1 film 2 row; Or, described step (3) in the Arid&semi-arid area of heat abundance be Keshen and field or Turfan; Or described step (3) optimum density is 8000 plants/acre, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 60cm.
And, described step (4) unit are N, P, K fertilizer amount be respectively 375,300,75kg/hm
2; Or, described step (4) in fertilising time the fertilizer that uses be the mass percent that it contains N be the urea of 46%, it is containing P
2o
5mass percent be the double superphosphate of 46%, it is containing K
2the mass percent of O is the potassium sulfate of 33%; Or, the described step fertilizer amount referring to and apply in shooting stage and booting stage of topdressing (4); Or the base manure amount of described step nitrogenous fertilizer (4), phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is respectively 75kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2, 0kg/hm
2, the fertilizer amount of shooting stage is respectively 150kg/hm
2, 150kg/hm
2, 0kg/hm
2, the fertilizer amount in booting stage is respectively 150kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2.
And described step maturation is (5) the middle and advanced stage of wax ripeness; Or, described step (5) heavy-metal movement except mode be that sugar grass extracts with root.
The advantage that the present invention obtains and beneficial effect are:
1, this method have cost low, simple to operate, not spoiled soil physicochemical property, do not cause secondary pollution, biological yield high, all have patience and accumulation ability to ternary heavy metal.Effectively can not only utilize the arid and semi-arid Marginal land resource of heavy metal pollution, thus avoid energy crop and cereal crops to the competition in limited arable land, effectively can also repair the soil of Compound Heavy Metals.
2, this method utilizes renewable energy resources plant sugar grass to the patience of combined pollution heavy metal and enrichment characteristics, it is directly planted the area in heavy-metal composite pollution, by adopting digging of ripe plant and process, to reach the object of remediating heavy metal combined contamination soil; Because sugar grass well developed root system, fast growth, biomass are large, drought resisting, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, resistance to hemorrhoid are thin, high temperature resistant and the feature such as dry heat resistance wind, and culture technique is simple, cost is low, can improve arid, pollute marginal soil.Sweet sorghum stalk can producing fuel ethyl alcohol by ferment.Schlempe can utilize advanced technology to carry out ashing, bury and fill out, generate electricity, produce the process such as biogas, extracts heavy metal; Ashes can be used for industrial production after continuing process.Therefore, the present invention is that the phytoremediation technology of soil heavy metal combined pollution develops new plant resource variety and restorative procedure, utilize the plantation of heavy-metal contaminated soil to produce economic benefit, no matter from ecological point, or all will have important practical significance from economics point.
3, under this method sugar grass heavy metal Cd, Pb, Cr Community Exposed In Compound-polluted to the transhipment of Cd, Pb and concentration coefficient all higher than 1, heavy metal Cd, Pb have stronger absorbing capacity, more weak accumulation ability can be had by heavy metal Cr, enrichment, transhipment coefficient are all less than 1, in view of the crop that sugar grass is a kind of mcroorganism amount, wherein the biological yield per hectare of distant sweet No. 1 reaches 57.33t, is respectively 7.97t, 5.99t, 2.19t to the removal quantity per hectare of Pb, Cd, Cr; The biological yield per hectare of sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty reaches 52.27t, 6.15t, 3.91t, 2.27t are respectively to the removal quantity per hectare of Pb, Cd, Cr, there are good soil remediation potentiality, by test discovery two kinds, there is under Community Exposed In Compound-polluted the higher ability of removing and patience.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the bio spirogram of different cultivars sweet sorghum stalk in example of the present invention, and namely heavy metal pollution is to the effect diagram of sugar grass biological yield;
Fig. 2 be in example of the present invention different cultivars sugar grass heavy metal remove spirogram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described; Following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.
The raw material used in the present invention, if no special instructions, is conventional commercially available prod; The method used in the present invention, if no special instructions, is the conventional method of this area.
In the present invention, concentration coefficient refers to the ratio of Cd, Pb, Cr content in sugar grass leaf portion and soil, and transhipment coefficient refers to the ratio of sugar grass leaf portion and root Cd, Pb, Cr content.
Embodiment 1
Sugar grass repairs a field planting method for Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, and described implantation methods adopts following steps to realize:
(1) choose seeds: before broadcasting, want selected sweet sorghum seed, reject flat little, damage and the seed of damaging by worms and foreign material, select grain large,
Full seed, fine day shines 2d ~ 3d and kills pathogen, promotes that seed physiology is ripe, increase aridity, enhancing seed coat is saturating
Gas water penetration, raising germination rate and germination vigor;
(2) wholely:
Spring irrigation is answered in the pollution plot of not carrying out winter irrigation or soil moisture content difference; Suitable moisture in the soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth 25cm, in time rake, a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, and soil reaches requirement that is flat, loose, broken, neat, clean, moisture in the soil;
(3) sow:
Sow in spring: be suitable sowing date when 5cm soil temperature is stable by 12 DEG C, South Sinkiang early April-mid-April, North SinKiang late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, should to lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil early sowing for arid area;
Rational close planting: spacing in the rows 12-20cm, line-spacing 40-80cm, density is 7000-9000 plant/acre.Ensure that the depth of sowing is consistent, sowing depth is 2cm ~ 3cm at clay on the ground, is 5cm on the ground at sandy soil, and soil overlay film can adopt 1 film 2 row mode plantation; Plastic film mulch can significantly improve survival rate of seedlings, growth potential, ensures that seedling is neat, Miao Quan, Miao Zhuan;
Replay: replay at the Arid&semi-arid area of heat abundance, front stubble wheat, rape, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after results, date of seeding, robbed and broadcasts at the beginning of by the end of June or 7 months;
(4) field management:
Thinning: can start to carry out thinning when seedling 2-3 leaves (height of seedling 10 centimetres);
Final singling: during 4-6 leaves, (height of seedling 20 centimetres) can final singling according to plan, go weakly to stay strong, two strain is stayed in the contiguous strain in the place of being short of seedling;
Weeding: artificial or small-sized machine is hoed the fields in sugar grass tillering stage to the shooting stage; Remove in time in conjunction with weeding and tiller;
Fertilising: unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 227 ~ 375kg/hm
2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 151 ~ 300kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 75 ~ 121kg/hm
2; Base manure made by 20% nitrogenous fertilizer and 25% phosphate fertilizer of gross mass, remaining fertile in topdressing in jointing and booting stage;
Irrigate: pour water the time of infertility 4 times ~ 5 times, seedling stage restrains the growth of seedlings depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings in good time, heavily fill with jointing water and booting water, the grouting middle and later periods controls water in good time;
(5) gather in the crops and process
Harvest time: after sugar grass grows to maturation, gathers in sugar grass acrial part or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil;
Processing method: whole for sugar grass strain grubbed out after the maturing stage, removes heavy metal excessive in soil by the absorption enrichment of heavy metal in its Natural growth process and turn-over capacity.
More preferably, described step (1) in sweet sorghum seed be sweet No. 1 or distant sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty;
More preferably, described step (1) in foreign material be clever shell or native stone;
More preferably, (2) described step impurely refers to the arid and semi-arid border zone of Cd, Pb, Cr combined pollution;
More preferably, described step (3) seeding method be that the direct plastic film mulch of sugar grass is planted in the soil of Cd, Pb, Cr combined pollution;
More preferably, described step (3) the time of sowing in spring be South Sinkiang early April-mid-April, North SinKiang late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, early sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil;
More preferably, described step (3) plastic film mulch mode be 1 film 2 row;
More preferably, described step (3) in the replay area of heat abundance be Keshen and field or Turfan;
More preferably, described step (3) optimum density is 8000 plants/acre, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 60cm;
More preferably, described step (4) unit are N, P, K fertilizer amount be respectively 375,300,75kg/hm
2;
More preferably, described step (4) in fertilising time the fertilizer that uses be the mass percent that it contains N be the urea of 46%, it is containing P
2o
5mass percent be the double superphosphate of 46%, it is containing K
2the mass percent of O is the potassium sulfate of 33%;
More preferably, the described step fertilizer amount referring to and apply in shooting stage and booting stage of topdressing (4);
More preferably, the base manure amount of described step nitrogenous fertilizer (4), phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is respectively 75kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2, 0kg/hm
2, the fertilizer amount of shooting stage is respectively 150kg/hm
2, 150kg/hm
2, 0kg/hm
2, the fertilizer amount in booting stage is respectively 150kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2;
More preferably, described step maturation (5) refers to the middle and advanced stage of wax ripeness.
Embodiment 2
Sugar grass repairs a field planting method for Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, and step is as follows:
The inventive method is carried out in heavy metal pollution farmland, Diggings of Miquan City, Xinjiang, and this experimental field exists heavy metal pollution to a certain degree.This test sweet sorghum seed used come from Xinjiang and outer provinces and regions introduce Shanxi sweet 09-1, Jin Tian 08-1, the sweet 11-8 that helps, help sweet No. 6, new Chinese sorghum No. 9, new Chinese sorghum No. 4, new Chinese sorghum No. 3, assorted No. 11 of dragon, sweet No. 1 of the Liao Dynasty, 10 sugar grass kinds or the strain such as sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty.
Polluted farmland soil repairing test:
Table 1 farmland pollution soil Cd, Pb, Cr3 heavy metal element containing scale
As can be seen from Table 1, soil Cd, Pb content exceedes national standard reference value, and Cr content does not exceed national standard reference value, and wherein soil Cd content exceedes 6.26 times of primary standard value, and Pb content exceedes 1.56 times of primary standard value.Learn that the single item evaluation result of Cr element is clean according to soil pollution grade scale, Cd, Pb attach most importance to respectively, gently pollute, comprehensive evaluation result is middle pollution.
Experimental scheme table (the unit: kg/hm of the fertilization mode that table 2 is different
2)
Test is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 3 factors, 1 Fertilization Level.Test in triplicate, makes pollution-free contrast CK simultaneously, process randomized arrangement, and the shape of experimental plot is rectangle, long 10 meters of cell row, 2 row districts, line-spacing is 60 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is 20 centimetres, plot area 10 × 0.6 × 2=12 square metre, ridges between experimental plot, stays 1.0 meters, aisle.Test total fertilizing amount 50 kilograms, wherein: nitrogenous fertilizer 375kg/hm
2, phosphate fertilizer 300kg/hm
2, potash fertilizer 75kg/hm
2.Concrete fertilization mode is in table 2, and wherein CK contamination-freely, A1 heavy metal pollution ground.
For examination fertilizer: fertilizer be the mass percent that it contains N be the urea of 46%, it is containing P
2o
5mass percent be the double superphosphate of 46%, it is containing K
2the mass percent of O is the potassium sulfate of 33%;
Sampling mode:
Soil: press multiple spot bulk method, gathers contaminated soil top layer soil sample 10 (sampling depth is 0-20cm) altogether, measures heavy metal in soil content.
Plant: during results, whole for sugar grass strain has been grubbed out, separately blade, root, neck.By following standard method, sample is washed: running water, distilled water, deionized water, whole wash time is no more than 2min, with stainless steel knife, the sample overground part after cleaning and root are separated, complete 30min in 105 DEG C of baking ovens, dry at the temperature of 70 ~ 80 DEG C again, pulverize for subsequent use with stainless steel cracker.
Determining heavy metals method:
Take about 0.2g sample in porcelain crucible, first on low-temperature furnace, most Bai Yanhou is caught up with in heating, crucible is placed in Muffle furnace, heats 2h, use HNO after taking-up under the high temperature of 500 DEG C
3-HClO
4clear up, transfer in 50mL volumetric flask, be diluted to scale by deionized water, adopt atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Beijing TAs-990 type atomic absorption spectrophotometer) to measure Cd, Pb, Cr content.
Experimental result is as table 3:
The absorption of table 3 sugar grass heavy metal of body is containing scale (unit: mg/Kg)
Note: the different capitalization of same column represents that difference reaches 1% significance level; The different lowercase alphabet differential of same column is different reaches 5% significance level.
Found that the absorption content of different cultivars to same metallic element is variant from table 3.The content of beary metal that each kind of contrast soil absorbs, substantially close to zero, does not have difference between each kind.
(1) in heavy-metal contaminated soil A1, the Absorption Characteristics of each kind to Pb is overground part > underground part, and in sugar grass body, the regularity of distribution of Pb is leaf > stem > root.Wherein the Pb content of distant sweet No. 2 blades absorption is maximum, is only 86.06mg/Kg.The Pb content absorbed for Chinese sorghum No. 4 new stem is maximum, is only 60.90mg/Kg.Maximum for the sweet No. 1 Pb content absorbed of the Liao Dynasty root, be only 37.54mg/Kg.
(2) in heavy-metal contaminated soil A1, the Absorption Characteristics of each kind to Cd is underground part > overground part, and in sugar grass body, the regularity of distribution of Cd is root > stem > leaf.The Cd content that sweet No. 1 each several part of the Liao Dynasty absorbs is maximum, extremely remarkable with other breed differences.
(3) in heavy-metal contaminated soil A1, the Absorption Characteristics of each kind to Cr is underground part > overground part, and in sugar grass body, the regularity of distribution of Cr is root > stem > leaf.For blade, the Cr content that new Chinese sorghum No. 9, new Chinese sorghum No. 3 blades absorb is maximum, is only 6.36mg/Kg, 6.35mg/Kg.Maximum for the sweet No. 1 Cr content absorbed of the Liao Dynasty stem, be only 12.34mg/Kg.Maximum for the sweet No. 2 Cr content absorbed of the Liao Dynasty root, be only 23.51mg/Kg.
In table 4 the present invention sugar grass heavy metal enrichment, transhipment coefficient table
Note: Ye Zhong, heavy metal in soil mass concentration ratio are abbreviated as leaf/soil; In Ye Zhong, root, heavy metal mass concentration ratio is abbreviated as leaf/root.
Can find that from table 4 the different concentration coefficient of sugar grass kind to same heavy metal differs greatly; Same sugar grass kind is not identical to the concentration coefficient of different heavy metal yet.
(1) in sugar grass leaf, Pb mass concentration is higher, and each kind leaf/root is all greater than 1, and the sweet No. 2 leaf/roots of the Liao Dynasty reach 3.62, illustrate that sugar grass has certain patience to Pb, and can transfer them to blade and detoxify; Leaf/soil is also all higher than 1, and in leaf, Pb mass concentration is up to 86.06mg/kg, although do not reach the hyperaccumulative plant standard of 1000mg/kg, shows the stronger accumulation of Pb and transfer characteristic.
(2) in sugar grass root, Cd mass concentration is higher, each kind leaf/root is all less than 1, can leaf/soil all higher than 1, in root, Cd mass concentration is up to 51.29mg/kg, though do not reach the hyperaccumulative plant standard of 100mg/kg, show the characteristic of accumulation stronger to Cd.
(3) the Cr mass concentration of sugar grass each several part is fewer, and each kind leaf/root, leaf/soil are all less than 1, and in root, Cd mass concentration is up to 34.56mg/kg, show the more weak accumulation of Cr and transport features.
As can be seen from Figure 1, the biological yield of each kind sugar grass of soil is contrasted all higher than contaminated soil.Heavy-metal contaminated soil biological yield size order is followed successively by the Liao Dynasty sweet No. 2 ﹥ sweet No. 1 new Chinese sorghum of ﹥ of the Liao Dynasty No. 3 new Chinese sorghums of ﹥ Shanxi sweet 09-1 ﹥ No. 9 ﹥ sweet No. 6 ﹥ that help and helps assorted No. 11 of the new Chinese sorghum of sweet 11-8 ﹥ Shanxi sweet 08-1 ﹥ No. 4 ﹥ dragons.The sweet No. 2 ratio contrast underproduction 11.79% of the Liao Dynasty, sweet No. 1 underproduction 16.53% of the Liao Dynasty, this result illustrates that these two kinds are the relatively good kind of heavy metal tolerance again.
The product of the heavy metal concentration of sugar grass heavy metal removal quantity and Chinese sorghum biological yield and body absorption.Can find from Fig. 2; (1) 10 sugar grass kind is when gathering in the crops to the highest all with sweet No. 1 of the Liao Dynasty of the removal quantity of Pb and Cd, and per hectare reaches 7.97t, 5.99t respectively.Next is sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty, and removal quantity per hectare is respectively 6.15,3.91t.Be new Chinese sorghum No. 3 again, per hectare removal quantity is respectively 5.18t, 3.77t.The removal quantity of these 3 kinds to Pb and Cd reaches pole significant difference level.(2) sweet No. 2 removal quantity to Cr of the Liao Dynasty are maximum, and per hectare reaches 2.27t, and be secondly sweet No. 1 of the Liao Dynasty, removal quantity 2.19t is new Chinese sorghum No. 3 again, per hectare removal quantity 1.23t.
As can be seen here, apply implantation methods of the present invention, although the absorption content of Pb, Cd, Cr in sugar grass plant does not reach the standard of super enriching plant, but because the biomass of sugar grass is very large, the biological yield per hectare of sweet No. 1 of the Liao Dynasty reaches 57.33t, is respectively 7.97t, 5.99t, 2.19t to the removal quantity per hectare of Pb, Cd, Cr.The biological yield per hectare of sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty reaches 52.27t, is respectively 6.15t, 3.91t, 2.27t, has good soil remediation potentiality to the removal quantity per hectare of Pb, Cd, Cr.
Embodiment 3
A kind of arid and semi-arid border zone sugar grass repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, step: (1) choose seeds: want selected sweet sorghum seed before broadcasting, reject flat little, damage and the seed of damaging by worms and foreign material, select the seed that grain is large, full, fine day shines 2d ~ 3d and kills pathogen, promotes that seed physiology is ripe, increases aridity, strengthens seed coat ventilative water permeability, improves germination rate and germination vigor;
(2) wholely:
Spring irrigation is answered in the pollution plot of not carrying out winter irrigation or soil moisture content difference; Suitable moisture in the soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth 25cm, in time rake, a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, and soil reaches requirement that is flat, loose, broken, neat, clean, moisture in the soil;
(3) sow:
Sow in spring: be suitable sowing date when 5cm soil temperature is stable by 12 DEG C, South Sinkiang early April-mid-April, North SinKiang late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, should to lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil early sowing for arid area;
Rational close planting: spacing in the rows 12-20cm, line-spacing 40-80cm, density is 7000-9000 plant/acre, and ensure that the depth of sowing is consistent, sowing depth is 2cm ~ 3cm at clay on the ground, is 5cm on the ground at sandy soil, and soil overlay film adopts 1 film 2 row mode plantation;
Replay: replay at the Arid&semi-arid area of heat abundance, front stubble wheat, rape, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after results, date of seeding, robbed and broadcasts at the beginning of by the end of June or 7 months;
(4) field management:
Thinning: can start to carry out thinning when seedling 2 ~ 3 leaves, height of seedling 10 centimetres;
Final singling: final singling according to plan when 4 ~ 6 leaves, heights of seedling 20 centimetres, go weakly to stay strong, two strain is stayed in the contiguous strain in the place of being short of seedling;
Weeding: artificial or small-sized machine is hoed the fields in sugar grass tillering stage to the shooting stage, removes in time tiller in conjunction with weeding;
Fertilising: unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 227 ~ 375kg/hm
2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 151 ~ 300kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 75 ~ 121kg/hm
2; Base manure made by 20% nitrogenous fertilizer and 25% phosphate fertilizer, remaining fertile in topdressing in jointing and booting stage;
Irrigate: pour water the time of infertility 4 times ~ 5 times, seedling stage restrains the growth of seedlings depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings in good time, heavily fill with jointing water and booting water, the grouting middle and later periods controls water in good time;
Such as, 75kg/hm is applied before sowing whole ground
2nitrogenous fertilizer, 75kg/hm
2phosphate fertilizer, 0kg/hm
2base manure made by potash fertilizer; Shooting stage applies 150kg/hm
2nitrogenous fertilizer, 150kg/hm
2phosphate fertilizer, 0kg/hm
2potash fertilizer, booting stage applies 150kg/hm
2nitrogenous fertilizer, 75kg/hm
2phosphate fertilizer, 75kg/hm
2potash fertilizer topdresses;
(5) whole for sugar grass strain has been grubbed out by the middle and advanced stage of wax ripeness, removes heavy metal excessive in soil by the absorption enrichment of heavy metal in its Natural growth process and turn-over capacity.
Claims (7)
1. sugar grass repairs a field planting method for Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1) choose seeds: before broadcasting, want selected sweet sorghum seed, reject flat little, damage and the seed of damaging by worms and foreign material, select the seed that grain is large, full, fine day shines 2d ~ 3d and kills pathogen, promotes that seed physiology is ripe, increases aridity, strengthens seed coat ventilative water permeability, improves germination rate and germination vigor;
(2) wholely:
Spring irrigation is answered in the pollution plot of not carrying out winter irrigation or soil moisture content difference; Suitable moisture in the soil is ploughed deeply, tilling depth 25cm, in time rake, a kind of farm tools, suppression soil moisture conservation, and soil reaches requirement that is flat, loose, broken, neat, clean, moisture in the soil;
(3) sow:
Sow in spring: be suitable sowing date when 5cm soil temperature is stable by 12 DEG C, South Sinkiang early April-mid-April, North SinKiang late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, should to lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil early sowing for arid area;
Rational close planting: spacing in the rows 12-20cm, line-spacing 40-80cm, density is 7000-9000 plant/acre, and ensure that the depth of sowing is consistent, sowing depth is 2cm ~ 3cm at clay on the ground, is 5cm on the ground at sandy soil, and soil overlay film adopts 1 film 2 row mode plantation;
Replay: replay at the Arid&semi-arid area of heat abundance, front stubble wheat, rape, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil in time after results, date of seeding, robbed and broadcasts at the beginning of by the end of June or 7 months;
(4) field management:
Thinning: can start to carry out thinning when seedling 2 ~ 3 leaves, height of seedling 10 centimetres;
Final singling: final singling according to plan when 4 ~ 6 leaves, heights of seedling 20 centimetres, go weakly to stay strong, two strain is stayed in the contiguous strain in the place of being short of seedling;
Weeding: artificial or small-sized machine is hoed the fields in sugar grass tillering stage to the shooting stage, removes in time tiller in conjunction with weeding;
Fertilising: unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 227 ~ 375kg/hm
2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 151 ~ 300kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 75 ~ 121kg/hm
2; Base manure made by 20% nitrogenous fertilizer and 25% phosphate fertilizer, remaining fertile in topdressing in jointing and booting stage;
Irrigate: pour water the time of infertility 4 times ~ 5 times, seedling stage restrains the growth of seedlings depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings in good time, heavily fill with jointing water and booting water, the grouting middle and later periods controls water in good time;
(5) gather in the crops and process
Harvest time: after sugar grass grows to maturation, gathers in sugar grass acrial part or its entirety is removed from contaminated soil;
Processing method: whole for sugar grass strain grubbed out after the maturing stage, removes heavy metal excessive in soil by the absorption enrichment of heavy metal in its Natural growth process and turn-over capacity.
2. a kind of sugar grass according to claim 1 repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: described step (1) middle sweet sorghum seed is the Liao Dynasty sweet No. 1 or sweet No. 2 of the Liao Dynasty.
3. a kind of sugar grass according to claim 1 repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: described step (1) middle foreign material is clever shell or native stone.
4. a kind of sugar grass according to claim 1 repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: (2) described step pollutes the arid and semi-arid border zone that plot is Cd, Pb, Cr combined pollution.
5. a kind of sugar grass according to claim 1 repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: described step (3) middle seeding method is that the direct plastic film mulch of sugar grass is planted in the soil of Cd, Pb, Cr combined pollution; Or described step (3) middle film mulching method is 1 film 2 row; Or, described step (3) in the Arid&semi-arid area of heat abundance be Keshen and field or Turfan; Or described step (3) optimum density is 8000 plants/acre, spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 60cm.
6. a kind of sugar grass according to claim 1 repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: described step (4) unit are N, P, K fertilizer amount be respectively 375,300,75kg/hm
2; Or, described step (4) in fertilising time the fertilizer that uses be the mass percent that it contains N be the urea of 46%, it is containing P
2o
5mass percent be the double superphosphate of 46%, it is containing K
2the mass percent of O is the potassium sulfate of 33%; Or, the described step fertilizer amount referring to and apply in shooting stage and booting stage of topdressing (4); Or the base manure amount of described step nitrogenous fertilizer (4), phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is respectively 75kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2, 0kg/hm
2, the fertilizer amount of shooting stage is respectively 150kg/hm
2, 150kg/hm
2, 0kg/hm
2, the fertilizer amount in booting stage is respectively 150kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2, 75kg/hm
2.
7. a kind of sugar grass according to claim 1 repairs the field planting method of Cd, Pb, Cr combined contamination soil, it is characterized in that: described step maturation is (5) the middle and advanced stage of wax ripeness; Or, described step (5) heavy-metal movement except mode be that sugar grass extracts with root.
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