CN108130094B - Sandy soil conditioner and application thereof - Google Patents
Sandy soil conditioner and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108130094B CN108130094B CN201711450470.8A CN201711450470A CN108130094B CN 108130094 B CN108130094 B CN 108130094B CN 201711450470 A CN201711450470 A CN 201711450470A CN 108130094 B CN108130094 B CN 108130094B
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Abstract
The invention provides a sandy soil conditioner, which belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of bamboo fermentation, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 1-8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.05-0.5 part of composite microbial inoculum; the compound microbial inoculum comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria. Tests show that after the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention is applied, the yield per unit of crops planted in aeolian sandy soil is improved by more than 20%, the soil is converted from acidic to neutral soil, and the soil aggregate structure is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a sandy soil improver and application thereof.
Background
Aeolian sandy soil is soil that develops into aeolian sandy parent material. The method is mainly characterized in that the mineral part of the soil almost entirely consists of fine sand particles (the diameter is 0.25-0.05 mm); the sectional gradation differentiation is not obvious, and only the A layer (eluviation layer) and the C layer (mother layer) lack the B layer (deposition layer), and the wind erosion is serious. The aeolian sandy soil is mainly in warm zone semiarid, arid and extremely arid grassland, desert grassland and desert zone, and part of the aeolian sandy soil is in the seaside.
The aeolian sandy soil is coarse, fine sand grains account for more than 80-90% of the weight of mineral parts of the soil, and the contents of coarse sand grains, powder sand grains and sticky grains are very small. Drought is another important character of aeolian sandy soil, the surface layer of the soil is mostly a dry sand layer, the thickness is different, generally about 10-20 cm, and the water content is only 2-3% below the soil; the organic matter content is low and is in the range of about 0.1-1.0%; there is an accumulation of salt, which is carried away from the site by the wind, and calcium carbonate, which is the result of decomposition of plant residues and deposition of dust.
The sandy soil formed by the aeolian sandy soil has the characteristics of loose structure, more macropores, large leakage amount, poor water and fertilizer retention, easy drought, low thermal conductivity, quick rise and fall of the upper soil temperature, large amplitude and strong mineralization. Even if the fertilizers and organic fertilizers are applied for a long time, the organic matters are difficult to accumulate, the nutrient content is low, phosphorus, potassium and acid are generally deficient, and the varieties of the crops which can be planted are single, so that the development of agricultural production is greatly limited. Improvements are needed.
The existing sandy soil cultivation still mainly uses traditional chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure, the application of the fertilizers can only solve the demand of temporary nutrient substances of crops, and the crops can be ensured to grow on the sandy soil only by continuous application, and the growth of the fertilizers is difficult to compare with the normal soil, and the yield is low. After the conventional chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure are applied to sandy soil, the problem that the sandy soil is poor in water retention and fertility retention cannot be solved, and the fertilizer efficiency is low. Moreover, the continuous application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers also causes serious soil acidification, the pH value of the soil is more between 5 and 5.5 and even lower, dead seedlings and seed decay are easily caused, and meanwhile, diseases and insect pests are also easily caused; the chain reaction causes the massive application of the pesticide, and inevitably causes pollution to crops and the environment. Not only the problems of sandy soil cannot be solved, but also the deterioration of the conditions of sandy soil is aggravated. Although the farmyard manure has no great side effect after the chemical fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer efficiency is slowly released, the farmyard manure can keep crops growing on sandy soil only by continuously applying or matching with the chemical fertilizer, and the farmyard manure cannot improve the problem of poor fertilizer and water retention performance of the sandy soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a sandy soil conditioner, which can effectively improve the fertilizer and water retention performance of sandy soil and has high fertilizer efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a sandy soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of bamboo fermentation, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 1-8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.05-0.5 part of composite microbial inoculum;
the compound microbial inoculum comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria.
Preferably, the components comprise: 65-70 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 18-22 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.1-0.2 part of composite microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the effective viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus mucilaginosus, the bacillus laterosporus, the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the fermentation filamentous bacteria in the composite microbial agent is 0.8-1.5: 0.8-1.5.
Preferably, the organic matter content of the bamboo fermentation product is more than 70%, and the effective viable count of microorganisms contained in the bamboo fermentation product is more than 5 x 108cfu/g。
Preferably, the preparation method of the bamboo fermentation product comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing bamboo and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 100: 1-10, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, and then sealing and standing for 3-8 days to obtain a pretreatment mixture;
(2) mixing the pretreatment mixture obtained in the step (1) with a nitrogen source substance to ensure that the N/C ratio in the mixed material is 1: 25-30 and the water content is 60-70%, and adjusting the pH value to 5-8.5 to obtain a mixed material;
(3) inoculating the composite microorganism into the mixed material obtained in the step (2) according to the inoculation amount of 0.1-0.3% for aerobic fermentation for 25-35 d to obtain an aerobic fermentation product;
the compound microorganism comprises actinomycetes, bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi, and contains effective viable count of 5 × 109cfu/g or more;
(4) and (4) sealing the aerobic fermentation product obtained in the step (3), and performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain a bamboo fermentation product.
Preferably, the nitrogen source substance is selected from one or more of urea, soybean meal, corn, peptone, beef extract and yeast powder.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the actinomycetes, the bacteria, the yeasts and the filamentous fungi in the compound microorganism in the step (3) is 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5.
The invention also provides an application of the sandy soil conditioner in the technical scheme in improving the physical properties of soil or the micro-ecological environment of the soil.
Preferably, the sandy soil conditioner is 300-800 g/m3Is applied to the soil to be improved.
The invention provides a sandy soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of bamboo fermentation, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 1-8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.05-0.5 part of composite microbial inoculum; the compound microbial inoculum comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria. In the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention, the organic matter content of the bamboo fermentation product and humic acid is high, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is strong, and the physicochemical properties such as soil aggregate structure can be improved; the compound microbial inoculum has high-efficiency capabilities of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, can effectively improve the fertilizer efficiency, and plays a role in balancing a microecosystem of soil to be improved. Therefore, the soil conditioner provided by the invention can effectively improve the physical properties of sandy soil, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity, has high fertilizer efficiency, and can be used as a fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrition for crops and improve the crop yield; the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can further promote the improvement of soil properties while conditioning the micro-ecological structure of sandy soil. Tests show that after the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention is applied, the yield per unit of crops planted in aeolian sandy soil is improved by more than 20%, the soil is converted from acidic to neutral soil, and the soil aggregate structure is obviously improved.
The complex microbial inoculum contained in the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention is designed aiming at the micro-ecological structure in sandy soil, and after the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention is applied, the soil micro-ecological system can be effectively adjusted, the adjusting function of the micro-ecological system is exerted to improve and repair the soil, and the residue of harmful substances such as pesticides and heavy metals is reduced. On the other hand, the composite microbial inoculum has the functions of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and fixing nitrogen, calcium superphosphate in the sandy soil conditioner can provide primary nutrient components (providing elements such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) for the composite microbial inoculum, organic matters such as humic acid and the like can also provide powerful survival conditions for the survival and development of the composite microbial inoculum in sandy soil, and the sandy soil conditioner achieves the purposes of conditioning the soil micro-ecological environment and improving the fertilizer retention performance by compounding the composite microbial inoculum, the humic acid, bamboo leavening and the calcium superphosphate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the preparation method of the bamboo fermentation product comprises the steps of quicklime pretreatment, composite microorganism aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation and the like, and the bamboo fermentation with the organic matter content of more than 70% can be obtained by the method provided by the invention, namely, the fully decomposed bamboo fermentation product is obtained, and the bamboo fermentation product not only has good water absorption and water retention capacity and air permeability of the conventional bamboo fermentation product, but also can further improve the organic matter content of soil and improve the fertilizer efficiency of the sandy soil conditioner.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth of green Chinese onions in the soil after the conditioners for the test and control groups were applied in example 4.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sandy soil conditioner which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of bamboo fermentation, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 1-8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.05-0.5 part of composite microbial inoculum;
the compound microbial inoculum comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria.
Preferably, the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention comprises 65-70 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 18-22 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.1-0.2 part of composite microbial inoculum; more preferably comprises 65 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 20 parts of humic acid, 4.8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.2 part of composite microbial inoculum.
In the invention, the humic acid is ore humic acid, and the content of the humic acid is more than 40%, preferably 40-50%. The source of humic acid in the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available humic acid satisfying the above-mentioned criteria in the art may be used. In the sandy soil conditioner, the humic acid has the effects of improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil, improving the fertilizer efficiency of the sandy soil conditioner, stimulating the growth of plants and enhancing the stress resistance and quality of the plants.
In the invention, the calcium superphosphate plays a role in providing calcium, phosphorus and the like in the sandy soil conditioner, and provides nutrient substances for the growth and development of the composite microbial inoculum; meanwhile, the fertilizer also provides nutrient elements such as calcium, phosphorus and the like for plants growing in sandy soil, improves the quality of crops and promotes the growth of plants.
In the present invention, the effective viable count contained in the composite bacterial preparation is preferably more than 2 × 109cfu/g; more preferably 2.5X 109～6×109cfu/g. The mass ratio of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation filamentous bacteria in the composite microbial agent is preferably 0.8-1.5: 0.8-1.5; more preferably 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1: 1. The source of the microorganism in the composite microbial inoculum is not particularly limited, and the microorganism is commercially available in the field.
The composite microbial inoculum provided by the invention has obvious effects of potassium dissolving, phosphorus dissolving and nitrogen fixing, is designed aiming at a microecological structure in sandy soil, can adjust the microecological structure of the sandy soil and activate the nutrient components of the soil and fertilizer by applying a sandy soil conditioner containing the composite microbial inoculum, and can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the sandy soil, improve and repair the soil and reduce the residue of harmful substances such as pesticides and heavy metals by matching the adjusted microecological environment with other effective components in the conditioner.
In the invention, the content of organic matters in the bamboo fermentation product is more than 70%, and the effective viable count of microorganisms contained in the bamboo fermentation product is more than 5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, preferably, theThe effective viable count of microorganism in bamboo fermentation product is 5.5 × 108cfu/g～8.0×108cfu/g. In the sandy soil conditioner, the bamboo fermentation product plays a role in providing organic matters, and the bamboo fermentation product has better water absorption and water retention compared with other fermentation products, so that the physical properties of sandy soil can be further improved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bamboo fermentation product comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing bamboo and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 100: 1-10, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, and then sealing and standing for 3-8 days to obtain a pretreatment mixture;
(2) mixing the pretreatment mixture obtained in the step (1) with a nitrogen source substance to ensure that the C/N ratio in the mixture is 25-30: 1 and the water content is 60-70%, and adjusting the pH value to 5-8.5 to obtain a fermentation raw material;
(3) inoculating the composite microorganism into the fermentation raw material obtained in the step (2) according to the inoculation amount of 0.1-0.3% for aerobic fermentation for 25-35 d to obtain an aerobic fermentation product;
the compound microorganism comprises actinomycetes, bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi, and contains effective viable count of 5 × 109cfu/g or more;
(4) and (4) sealing the aerobic fermentation product obtained in the step (3), and performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain a bamboo fermentation product.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the bamboo to the quicklime is preferably 100: 2-7, and more preferably 100: 5. The water content of the mixture is preferably 62-68%, and more preferably 65%. In the invention, the closed standing time is preferably 4-6 d, and more preferably 5 d.
Specifically, the bamboo and the quicklime are mixed and piled into a pile body with the height of more than 80mm, and water is added to adjust the water content of the mixture. The pile body is preferably in a shape of a stack or a cone, and when the pile body is in the shape of the stack, the height of the pile body is more than 80 mm; when the pile body is in a cone shape, the height of the pile body is more than 180 mm. The method piles the mixture of the bamboo and the quicklime into a pile body and then adds water, which is helpful to prevent the heat loss of the reaction of the quicklime and the water, and can obtain higher temperature when the height of the pile body is more than 80mm, so that the bamboo is fully puffed, corroded and softened by the quicklime and the water.
The invention has no special limitation on the sealing mode, and can adopt the conventional sealing mode in the field, such as film covering, oil cloth covering and the like. The invention can further prevent heat loss by sealing the mixture of the bamboo and the quicklime, so that a large amount of bamboo can be pretreated by adopting the addition of the quicklime and the water provided by the invention, and the cost is saved.
In the invention, the pH value of the mixed material is preferably 6-8.2, and more preferably 8.
In the present invention, the nitrogen source substance is preferably one or more selected from urea, soybean meal, corn, peptone, beef extract and yeast powder, and more preferably urea and soybean meal. The addition amount of the nitrogen source substance and the pretreatment mixture can reach a C/N ratio of 25-30: 1, and the addition amount of the nitrogen source substance and the pretreatment mixture is different according to different nitrogen source substances.
Specifically, when the nitrogen source substances are urea and soybean meal, the mass ratio of the pretreatment mixture to the soybean meal to the urea is 0.8-1.5: 0.01-0.05, and the C/N ratio is 28-30: 1. Preferably, when the mass ratio of the pretreatment mixture, the soybean meal and the urea is 1:1:0.2, the C/N ratio of the mixture is 29: 1.
In the present invention, the aerobic fermentation time is preferably 30d, and the inoculation amount is preferably 0.2%. The inoculation amount of the invention refers to the percentage of the composite microorganism in the total mass of the mixed material.
In the present invention, the complex microorganism includes actinomycetes, spherical or rod-shaped bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi, and the effective viable count of the microorganism contained in the complex microorganism is 5 × 109cfu/g or more. Preferably, the mass ratio of the actinomycetes, the bacteria, the yeasts and the filamentous fungi in the compound microorganism is 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5, and more preferably 1:1:1:1: 1. Preferably, the effective viable count of the compound microorganism is 5.5-8 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
The source of the composite microorganism is not particularly limited, and the microbial inoculum sold in the field can be adopted.
In the present invention, the step of preparing the mixed material and the complex microorganism should be as fast as possible to reduce the heat loss obtained in the pretreatment.
The composite microorganism is adopted to mix actinomycetes, bacteria, saccharomycetes and filamentous fungi according to a specific proportion, the decomposition capability of the composite microorganism on bamboo cellulose is remarkable, and the bamboo can be fully fermented only by inoculating the composite microorganism accounting for 0.1-0.3% of the total mass of the mixed materials, so that the bamboo fermented substance with the organic matter content of 75-80% is obtained.
In the present invention, the actinomycete is preferably a streptomycete or a Thermoactinomycete; the bacteria are preferably bacteria of the genus Bacillus megaterium or Bacillus subtilis; the yeast is preferably beer yeast; the fungus is preferably Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma or Aspergillus oryzae.
The aerobic fermentation method is preferably compost fermentation, and when a compost fermentation mode is adopted, the compost body fermented by the compost is preferably in a stack shape or a cone shape. More preferably, the height of the compost body is more than 80 mm; specifically, when the compost body is a vertebral body, the height is not less than 180 mm.
In the invention, when the aerobic fermentation method is compost fermentation, the compost is turned when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃, and the compost is continuously turned into compost body for fermentation. Preferably, the compost is turned when the temperature of the compost reaches 62-70 ℃.
After the aerobic fermentation product is obtained, the invention directly seals the aerobic fermentation product, and carries out anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain the bamboo fermentation product. The invention has no special limitation on the sealing mode, and can adopt the conventional sealing mode in the field, such as film sealing, tarpaulin covering sealing and the like. The anaerobic fermentation time is preferably 25 d.
The obtained bamboo fermentation product is dark brown, the organic matter content is 75-80%, and the effective viable count is more than 0.2 multiplied by 108cfu/g, C/N of 20-25: 1, soft texture, good water absorption and water retention. By usingThe bamboo fermentation product method provided by the invention can obtain fully decomposed bamboo fermentation products, overcomes the defects that the bamboo cannot be fully decomposed in the prior art, causes seedling burning and root burning, has low cost and simple operation, and can be suitable for large-scale popularization.
The sandy soil conditioner is obtained by mixing the components of the sandy soil conditioner.
The sandy soil conditioner is applied to improving the physical properties of soil or the micro-ecological environment of the soil. Preferably, when the sandy soil improvement agent is applied to improve sandy soil, the amount of the sandy soil improvement agent is 300-800 g/m3Applying the soil to be improved.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Preparing a complex microbial inoculum: mixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, yeast and fermentation system filamentous bacteria at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1: 1:1 to 1, so that the effective viable count is 5 × 109cfu/g, and preparing the composite microbial inoculum.
2. Preparing a bamboo fermentation product: preparing a compound microorganism: respectively mixing streptomycete, spherical bacteria, beer yeast and filamentous fungi at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 to obtain a mixture with effective viable count of more than 5 × 109cfu/g, and obtaining the compound microorganism.
Crushing 1000g of moso bamboo processing waste into 10mm, mixing with 50g of quicklime, stacking into a stack with the height of 80mm, adding water into the stack until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, covering with a film, sealing, and standing for 5d to obtain a pretreatment mixture.
Mixing the pretreated mixture with bean pulp and urea according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.2, and calculating according to the average carbon content of the moso bamboos of 485g/kg, the average nitrogen content of the moso bamboos of 5.5g/kg, the average carbon content of the bean pulp of 140g/kg, the average nitrogen content of the bean pulp of 7g/kg and the nitrogen content of urea (chemical fertilizer) of 450g/kg, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixture is 29: 1; adding water to adjust the water content to 60-70%, and adjusting the pH value to 8 to obtain the fermentation raw material.
Inoculating composite microorganisms accounting for 0.2 percent of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials to the fermentation raw materials, piling up into a stack-shaped compost body with the height of 80mm for aerobic fermentation, turning over when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃, piling up into a stack-shaped compost body with the height of 80mm after turning over, continuing fermentation, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 30 days to obtain an aerobic fermentation product.
Sealing directly with film to obtain aerobic fermented product, and fermenting in sealed condition for 25 days to obtain bamboo fermented product.
The obtained bamboo fermentation product has C/N ratio of 48.3:1, organic matter content of 80%, and effective viable count of 0.3 × 108cfu/g。
3. According to parts by weight, 65 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 20 parts of ore humic acid (40% of humic substance from Guangzhou town of county of Fujian province), 4.8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.2 part of composite microbial inoculum are mixed to obtain the sandy soil conditioner.
Example 2
1. Preparing a complex microbial inoculum: mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.8: mixing at a ratio of 1:1.2:0.8 to obtain a viable count of 5.5 × 109cfu/g, and preparing the composite microbial inoculum.
2. Preparing a bamboo fermentation product: preparing a compound microorganism: respectively mixing high temperature actinomycetes, bacillus megaterium, beer yeast and aspergillus niger according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1:1:0.8 to ensure that the effective viable count is more than 6 multiplied by 109cfu/g, and obtaining the compound microorganism.
The method comprises the steps of crushing 1000g of mixed processing waste of various kinds of bamboos to 20mm, mixing the crushed waste with 40g of quicklime, stacking the mixture into a cone-shaped stack body with the height of 180mm, adding water into the stack body until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, covering and sealing a film, and standing for 4d to obtain a pretreatment mixture.
Mixing the pretreated mixture with bean pulp and urea according to the mass ratio of 0.8:1.5:0.05, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixture is 25: 1; adding water to adjust water content to 65%, and adjusting pH to 8.5 to obtain fermentation raw material.
Inoculating composite microorganisms accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials to the fermentation raw materials, piling up the materials into a conical compost body with the height of 180mm for aerobic fermentation, turning the compost when the temperature of the compost reaches above 65 ℃, piling up the compost body into a conical compost body with the height of 180mm after turning up, continuing fermentation, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 35d to obtain an aerobic fermentation product.
Sealing with film directly to obtain aerobic fermented product, and fermenting in sealed condition for 20 days to obtain bamboo fermented product.
The obtained bamboo fermentation product has C/N ratio of 41.4:1, organic matter content of 76%, and effective viable count of 0.25 × 108cfu/g。
3. According to the weight parts, 70 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 15 parts of ore humic acid (the humic acid content is 50 percent from Guangzhou town of Fujian county), 6 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.05 part of composite microbial inoculum are mixed to obtain the sandy soil conditioner.
Example 3
1. Preparing a complex microbial inoculum: mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria in a mass ratio of 1.2:1:0.8:0.8: 0.8: mixing at a ratio of 1:0.9:1 to obtain a viable count of 6 × 109cfu/g, and preparing the composite microbial inoculum.
2. Preparing a bamboo fermentation product: preparing a compound microorganism: respectively taking actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus oryzae, and mixing according to the mass ratio of 1.2:1:0.8:1 to ensure that the effective viable count is more than 6.5 multiplied by 109cfu/g, and obtaining the compound microorganism.
Pulverizing 1000g Xiangfei bamboo to 5mm, mixing with 60g quicklime, stacking into 100 mm-high stack, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 66%, covering with film, sealing, and standing for 8d to obtain pretreated mixture.
Mixing the pretreated mixture with bean pulp and urea according to the mass ratio of 1.3:1:0.02, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixture is 30: 1; adding water to adjust water content to 60%, and adjusting pH to 5 to obtain fermentation raw material.
Inoculating composite microorganisms accounting for 0.1 percent of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials to the fermentation raw materials, piling up into a stack-shaped compost body with the height of 100mm for aerobic fermentation, turning over when the temperature of the compost reaches above 70 ℃, piling up into a stack-shaped compost body with the height of 100mm after turning over, continuing fermentation, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 32d to obtain an aerobic fermentation product.
Sealing directly with film to obtain aerobic fermented product, and fermenting in sealed condition for 26 days to obtain bamboo fermented product.
The obtained bamboo fermentation product has C/N ratio of 43:1, organic matter content of 77%, and effective viable count of 0.28 × 108cfu/g。
3. According to parts by weight, 68 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 8 parts of ore humic acid (from Guangzhou town of Fujian county, with the humic content of 48.5%), 2 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.5 part of composite microbial inoculum are mixed to obtain the sandy soil conditioner.
Example 4 improvement effect of sandy soil improver
Overview of the first and second aspects
1. Test area position: the Zhangzhou de li xin farm in Zhangpu county, red lake town, Zhangzhou de li xin is located at the south end of the south coast of the southeast of Fujian, and is located between 24 degrees 6'-23 degrees 32' in northern latitude and 117 degrees 35'-117 degrees 58' in east longitude. Select about 600m2The green Chinese onion planting field is a test field.
2. Landform
The local situation in Zhangpu county is inclined from northwest to southeast, the northwest part is low hill tomb, the vegetation coverage degree is low, and the southeast part is open sea. Coastal wind-formed sand dunes and wind-sand landforms are distributed in coastal areas, and the wind-sand landforms are basically fixed by planting wind-sand protection forests in the coastal areas. The thickness of the sand-blown deposit layer is generally larger than 2m, and the thickness can reach 20 meters.
The soil in the production place of Fujian Zhangpu red lake fruits and vegetables belongs to aeolian sandy soil deposited on coast, and has loose soil structure, a plurality of large pores, large leakage amount, poor water retention and fertility preservation, easy drought, low heat conductivity, quick rise and fall of upper soil temperature, large amplitude, strong mineralization, difficult accumulation of organic matters and low nutrient content.
Second, the change of physical and chemical properties of soil
1. Method of producing a composite material
(1) The sandy soil conditioner obtained in example 1 was used as a test group, organic manure from livestock and poultry feces was used as a control group, and an original sandy soil sample (not cultivated) in a test field was randomly collected as a blank group. Each group was set up in 3 replicates, each field being a 0.4m by 2.5m square.
The livestock manure organic fertilizer is prepared from farm chicken manure according to a conventional composting fermentation mode.
(2) Application of the modifying agent: before planting the green Chinese onions, the weight is 500g/m2Applying the modifier of the test group or the control group into sandy soil to be modified respectively, planting the green Chinese onions in the test field according to a conventional method, and tracking and observing the change of the soil and the green Chinese onions.
(3) Collecting a soil sample: after 60 days of the application of the improver, 7 samples (sample interval 20m) were collected in each of the long piled green Chinese onion sections of the test group and the control group, respectively, and the soil sample was soil with a surface layer of 30 cm. The change of the pH value, N, K and other nutrient elements of the soil is analyzed, and the physical properties (particle size and granular structure) of the soil are changed. And collecting soil samples again after 90 days of application, and analyzing the change of soil organic matters.
2. Results
(1) The change in soil pH after 60 days of conditioner application is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 change in the average pH of the soil 60 days after the application of the amendment
| Type of modifying agent | Average pH of soil |
| Test group | 7.05 |
| Control group | 6.08 |
| Blank group | 4.46 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the pH value of the soil after the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention is close to neutral, and compared with a blank group of sandy soil which is not cultivated, the pH value of the soil can be obviously improved, and the soil acidification problem caused by long-term application of a chemical fertilizer to the sandy soil can be recovered; compared with a control group, the pH value of the test group after application is closer to neutral, which shows that the conventional organic fertilizer can not thoroughly improve the acidification problem of sandy soil.
(2) The change of the salt ion concentration of the soil after the conditioner is applied for 60 days is shown in the table 2-4:
TABLE 2 soil NO 60 days after application of amendment3 -Mean change in concentration
| Type of modifying agent | NO3 -Mean concentration value (mg/kg) |
| Test group | 75 |
| Control group | 35 |
| Blank group | 60 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the soil NO improved by the test group3 -The concentration is 1.25 times of that of the blank group, which shows that the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can improve the NO of soil3 -The effect of concentration; compared with the control group, the control group improved sandy soil NO of the improved soil of the test group3 -The content is reduced, and NO in the soil improved by the test group3 -Content of NO in soil improved by test group3 -The content is increased by 114.2% relative to the control group.
TABLE 3 soil NH 60 days after application of amendment4 +Mean change in concentration
| Type of modifying agent | NH4 +Mean concentration value (mg/kg) |
| Test group | 11 |
| Control group | 6.7 |
| Blank group | 10 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the soil NH improved by the test groups4 +The concentration is 1.1 times of that of the blank group, which shows that the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can improve the NH content of soil4 +The effect of concentration; the soil improved by the test group is compared with the control group, and the control group improves the NH of sandy soil4 +The content is reduced, and NH in the soil improved by the test group4 +The content is increased, and the test group is improvedNH of the soil4 +The content is 64.2% higher than that of the control group.
TABLE 4 soil K60 days after application of amendment+Mean change in concentration
| Type of modifying agent | K+Mean concentration value (mg/kg) |
| Test group | 64.5 |
| Control group | 45.7 |
| Blank group | 51 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the soil K improved by the test group+The concentration is 1.26 times of that of the blank group, which shows that the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can improve the soil K+The effect of concentration; compared with the control group, the soil improved by the test group is sandy soil K improved by the control group+Content reduced, and K in soil improved by test group+Content of the soil K improved by the test group is increased+The content was increased by 41.1% relative to the control group.
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 to 4, NO in the soil improved by the test groups3 -、NH4 +And K+Is increased, while the control group improved NO in the soil3 -、NH4 +And K+The content of the organic fertilizer is relatively reduced, which shows that the sandy soil improving agent provided by the invention improves the physical properties of sandy soil and increases the yield of crops and the conventional organic fertilizerThe fertilizer is different.
(3) The change in organic matter content of the soil after 90 days of application of the amendment is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 mean change in organic matter concentration in soil 90 days after application of amendment
| Type of modifying agent | Average concentration of organic matter in soil (g/kg) |
| Test group | 58.8 |
| Control group | 25.3 |
| Blank group | 25.1 |
As can be seen from Table 5, the content of organic matters in the soil improved by the test group is 2.34 times that of the blank group, which shows that the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can effectively increase the content of organic matters in sandy soil and improve the soil fertilizer efficiency; compared with a control group, the content of organic matters in the soil improved by the test group is improved by 132.4 percent, which shows that the sandy soil improver provided by the invention has higher fertilizer efficiency compared with the conventional farmyard organic fertilizer.
Organic matters of the conventional farmyard manure are continuously absorbed and consumed by plants and cannot achieve the effect of improving sandy soil. The sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention effectively improves the soil fertility and improves the yield and quality of crops by improving the water and fertilizer retention performance of sandy soil and balancing the balance of a soil micro-ecosystem.
(4) The change of the physical properties of the soil after the conditioner is applied is shown in the table 6-8:
TABLE 6 average change in number of active bacteria in soil 60 days after application of amendment
| Type of modifying agent | Effective viable count (CFU/g) |
| Test group | 1.04×107 |
| Control group | 1.01×106 |
| Blank group | 4.10×106 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the number of effective viable bacteria in the soil improved by the test group is 2.54 times that of the blank group, and is increased by one order of magnitude compared with the control group, so that the sandy soil improver provided by the invention can obviously improve the content of microorganisms in the soil and condition the soil micro-ecological environment, and the conventional farmyard manure organic matter only aggravates the deterioration of the sandy soil micro-ecological environment and cannot play a role in effectively improving the sandy soil.
TABLE 7 Change in soil slime after 60 days of amendment application
As can be seen from Table 7, the soil improved in the test group was reduced by 0.3mm in the average particle size of the soil as compared with the control group, and the content of clay particles smaller than 0.01mm was increased by about 1.5%. The sandy loam modifier provided by the invention can effectively reduce the particle size of soil clay grains.
TABLE 8 mean change in soil aggregate ratio 60 days after conditioner application
| Type of modifying agent | Average value of pellet ratio (%) |
| Test group | 31.78 |
| Control group | 14.50 |
| Blank group | 13.53 |
As can be seen from Table 8, the aggregate ratio of the soil improved by the test group is improved by 119.2% compared with that of the soil of the control group, which indicates that the aggregate ratio of the soil can be remarkably improved by the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention. The soil aggregate is considered as a basic physical matrix of soil fertility, has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention, detoxification, soil permeability increase and stress resistance, and as can be seen from table 8, the sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can obviously improve the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of sandy soil.
(5) Changes of biochemical indexes of green Chinese onion
① the growth status of the scallion is observed 2 months after the modifier is applied, the growth vigor of the scallion in the test group is obviously better than that of the control group, as shown in figure 1, the scallion planted in the soil improved by the test group (hereinafter referred to as the test group scallion) is shown on the right side of figure 1, and the scallion planted in the soil improved by the control group (hereinafter referred to as the control group scallion) is shown on the left side of figure 1.
② before the shallots in each group are harvested (the conditioner is applied for 90 days), 50 shallots are collected in each group, and the change of biochemical indexes of the shallots after fertilization is analyzed.
TABLE 9 mean individual Change in Welsh onion 90 days after modified administration
| Index (I) | Test group | Control group |
| Plant height (cm) | 88.22 | 83.29 |
| Net weight (g) | 194.29 | 155.01 |
| Diameter is big (diameter mm) | 19.59 | 18.43 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 9, the plant height, net weight, diameter and the like of the individual welsh onions grown in the soil improved by the test group are all significantly improved compared with those of the welsh onions of the control group.
TABLE 10 Green Chinese onion carbohydrate Change after 90 days of modification
TABLE 11 Total sugar content Change in Welsh onion 90 days after application of the modification
As can be seen from the data in tables 10 and 11, the shallots planted in the soil improved in the test group also showed a significant increase in sugar and carbohydrate contents compared to the shallots in the control group.
Through detection, the yield per unit of the green Chinese onions planted in the soil test field improved by the test group is increased by 25 percent relative to the yield per unit of the control group. The sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield and quality of crops planted in sandy soil.
In conclusion, the wind-blown sand soil deposited on large-area coast in fruit and vegetable producing areas in inland and coastal areas in China has loose soil structure, more macropores, large leakage, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, easy drought, low thermal conductivity, fast upper soil temperature rise and fall, large amplitude, strong mineralization, difficult accumulation of organic matters and low nutrient content. By applying the targeted sandy soil conditioner provided by the invention, the microbial balance in soil can be improved, the soil fertility can be improved, and the water-stable micro-aggregate content and the organic matter content in soil can be increased. The pH value of the sand blown by the wind tends to be neutral from acidity, and the contents of inorganic salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are increased. Therefore, the popularization of the aeolian sandy soil conditioner can promote the further development of ecological agriculture in coastal wind distribution areas.
The sandy soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is composed of organic matters, has the advantages of environmental protection, safety and no peculiar smell, and can be widely applied to planting of fruits, vegetables and tea in other soils. Has practical significance for promoting the development of ecological agriculture and food safety.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An acidic sandy soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of bamboo fermentation, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 1-8 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.05-0.5 part of composite microbial inoculum;
the composite microbial agent is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and fermentation system filamentous bacteria;
the preparation method of the bamboo fermentation product comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing bamboo and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 100: 1-10, adding water until the water content of the mixture is 60-70%, and then sealing and standing for 3-8 days to obtain a pretreatment mixture;
(2) mixing the pretreatment mixture obtained in the step (1) with a nitrogen source substance to ensure that the N/C ratio in the mixed material is 1: 25-30 and the water content is 60-70%, and adjusting the pH value to 5-8.5 to obtain a mixed material;
(3) inoculating the composite microorganism into the mixed material obtained in the step (2) according to the inoculation amount of 0.1-0.3% for aerobic fermentation for 25-35 d to obtain an aerobic fermentation product;
the compound microorganism comprises actinomycetes, bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi, and contains effective viable count of 5 × 109cfu/g or more;
the composite microorganism accounts for 0.05-0.5% of the total mass of the mixed material;
(4) and (4) sealing the aerobic fermentation product obtained in the step (3), and performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain a bamboo fermentation product.
2. A sandy soil improving agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agent comprises 65 to 70 parts of bamboo fermentation product, 18 to 22 parts of humic acid, 2 to 5 parts of calcium superphosphate and 0.1 to 0.2 part of complex microbial inoculum.
3. The sandy soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein said complex microbial inoculum contains an effective viable count of more than2×109cfu/g。
4. The sandy soil improver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mass ratio of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the Bacillus subtilis, the Bacillus licheniformis, the Bacillus mucilaginosus, the Bacillus laterosporus, the photosynthetic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the filamentous fungi of the fermentation system in the complex microbial inoculum is 0.8-1.5: 0.8-1.5.
5. A sandy soil improving agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said fermented bamboo product has an organic matter content of more than 70%, and the fermented bamboo product contains microorganisms having an effective viable count of more than 5 x 108cfu/g。
6. The sandy soil amendment of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen source material is selected from one or more of urea, soy meal, corn, peptone, beef extract, and yeast powder.
7. The sandy soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the actinomycetes, the bacteria, the yeasts and the filamentous fungi in the composite microorganism of step (3) is 0.5 to 1.5:0.5 to 1.5.
8. Use of the sandy soil improver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for improving the physical properties of soil or the micro-ecological environment of soil.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the sandy soil amendment is in the range of 300 to 800g/m2Is applied to the soil to be improved.
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