JP2001040352A - Soil conditioner and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil conditioner which improves the ability of soil to retain a fertilizer and improves the ratio among mold fungi, bacteria, and Actinomycetes and a process for producing the same. SOLUTION: A fermentation base comprising aspergilli, broken bamboo pieces, a nitrogen source, carbon particles, and a saccharide is subjected to the primary fermentation under agitation to obtain the primary fermentation base containing the primary fermentation product formed by the enzymatic decomposition action of the aspergilli. Aerobic fermentation bacteria except aspergilli are cultured under agitation in a culture substrate being the primary fermentation base to form the secondary fermentation base containing the secondary fermentation product formed as the result of the enzymatic decomposition action of the aerobic bacteria.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil improving material utilizing an enzymatic decomposition action of aerobic fermentative bacteria and a method for producing the soil improving material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to improve soil productivity, various soil amendments are introduced into soil. For example, compost is added to the soil to improve the chemical properties, or to add lime to correct the acidic soil, to supply nutrients, and to improve fertilizer retention. Further, pearlite or vermiculite is added to improve physical properties, for example, to improve water retention and air permeability. However, even when the chemical and physical properties are sufficiently improved, crop diseases may appear. One of the causes is caused by parasites in soil, mainly by soil nematodes.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the invention] In order to eliminate soil nematodes quickly, soil disinfection with chemicals can be considered.
In recent years, it is not desirable to control soil nematodes by chemicals because agriculture with no pesticides and pesticides is required. It is desirable that the nematodes can be eliminated by introducing the soil conditioner into the soil. Soil nematodes have certain kinds of bacteria, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes as natural enemies. Therefore, it is possible to control and control soil nematodes by introducing a fermentable soil improving material containing a large amount of such fungi. However, since it is practically impossible to culture only such natural enemies in pure culture and put them into the soil, the fungi contained in the soil amendment are actually the natural enemies of soil nematodes. The percentage will be increased. Further, it is important to create an environment in which the fungi can easily grow even after the introduction. By the way, among these fungi, in particular, filamentous fungi are natural enemies of soil nematodes or contain bacteria more directly useful to humans (for example, koji mold and yeast), but act as pathogenic bacteria for crops. There are many bacterial species. Therefore, it is generally preferable that the ratio of the filamentous fungi to the bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil is low, and it is assumed that an increase in the useful fungal species of the filamentous fungi leads to a decrease in soil nematodes. The present invention provides a soil conditioner having improved soil fertilizing ability and a useful ratio of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, and a method for producing such a soil conditioner.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, in the invention of claim 1, primary fermentation is carried out while stirring a fermentation base comprising a koji mold, crushed bamboo pieces, a nitrogen source and a saccharide, and the koji mold is used. The primary fermentation base containing the primary fermentation product produced by the enzymatic decomposition action is used as a culture substrate to agitate to propagate aerobic fermentation bacteria other than Aspergillus, and to produce the secondary fermentation product produced by the enzymatic decomposition action by the aerobic bacteria. The gist of the present invention is to produce a secondary fermentation base containing the same. According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, the gist is that charcoal particles are mixed in the fermentation base. The gist of the invention of claim 3 is to obtain a soil improvement material by the production method of claim 1 or 2.

[0005] The koji mold used here (Aspergillus
Genus) include, for example, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, and variants thereof. A useful bacterium other than Aspergillus (genus Aspergillus) can be simultaneously introduced as a seed bacterium. Examples of these useful bacteria include the following. Filamentous fungi 1) Yeast, 2) Genus Penicillium 3) Genus Trichoderma
4) Rhizopus sp. 1) Bacillus sp. 2) Thiobacillus sp. 3) Flavobacte
genus rium 4) genus Pseudomonas 4) genus Rhodopseudomonas 5) genus Achromobacter 6) genus Nitrobacter 7) genus Gluconobacter actinomycetes 1) genus Streptomices 2) genus Actinomyces

[0006] It is not necessary to use pure cultures of useful bacteria including these koji molds. In addition, since bacteria may be attached to the nitrogen source or carbohydrate or the like to be introduced, the same effect may be exerted even if the fermentation material in which the useful bacteria are cultured is not intentionally introduced. In practice, even if a seed is cultured in a medium based on a seed bacterium, any means other than pure culturing will include diseased bacteria other than useful bacteria. However, since it is a fermentation material used in the field of agriculture, it is considered that there is no great effect even if a small amount of other diseased bacteria is contained as long as useful bacteria occupy the main bacterial species. The crushed bamboo pieces include those in a state in which bamboo fibers are recognized by the naked eye from a state of fine powder. The type of bamboo does not matter. However, bamboo pieces must be supplied as fermentation-based materials from the beginning. This is mainly because the antibacterial effect of bamboo is not sufficiently exhibited when it is added after the secondary fermentation base is generated, and the disease bacterium is easily proliferated in the primary fermentation base to the secondary fermentation base generation process. This is because post-fermentation is performed and heat or gas may be generated.

[0007] The nitrogen source is an essential nutrient source constituting the cells, that is, required for the growth of the cells. In addition, proteins, amino acids, and the like as a nitrogen source supplier are mainly decomposed and generated by enzymes of Aspergillus to synthesize new organic acids and amino acids. As the enzyme-decomposed nitrogen source, nitrogen fixation by a nitrogen-fixing bacterium or the cells themselves become the nitrogen source, but a sufficient nitrogen source needs to be supplied from the outside for sufficient growth. Specific sources of nitrogen include rice straw, straw, soybean cake (okara), sawdust,
Plant residues such as rice husks, defoliation, excreta such as chicken dung, cow dung,
Sludge and peat moss. Carbohydrates are a carbon source that constitutes bacterial cells. Carbohydrates are mainly decomposed and generated by enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae to be decomposed into more usable states such as glucose and oligosaccharides, and to synthesize new organic acids and amino acids.
Carbohydrates need to be introduced to the extent that nitrogen deficiency does not occur in consideration of carbon ratio. The fermentation base needs to be supplied with sufficient agitation to promote the growth of aerobic fermenters. The stirring means and the number of times of stirring need to be adjusted depending on conditions such as the components and amount of the fermentation base and the outside air temperature. In addition, an essential element supply source other than the above may be added as a sub-additive.

[0008] Other aerobic bacteria are cultured in parallel with the enzymatic degradation action of the koji mold. Aerobic fermentation bacteria other than Aspergillus are continuously propagated using the primary fermentation base containing the produced primary fermentation product as a culture substrate. The following are examples of the aerobic fermentation bacteria. Filamentous fungi 1) Yeast, 2) Genus Penicillium 3) Genus Trichoderma
4) Rhizopus sp. 1) Bacillus sp. 2) Thiobacillus sp. 3) Flavobacte
rium sp. 4) Pseudomonas sp. 4) Rhodopseudomonas sp. 5) Achromobacter sp. 6) Nitrobacter sp. 7) Gluconobacter sp. That is, a useful bacterium that is preferable as a seed is also a bacterium that is preferable for producing a secondary fermentation product.
The growth may be based on natural bacteria floating in the air or adhering to a nitrogen source or the like without being introduced as a seed. Since the aerobic fermentation bacteria proliferate in the primary fermentation base enzymatically decomposed by the koji mold, the secondary fermentation base is generated by the enzymatic decomposition action of the aerobic fermentation bacteria. The ratio of bacteria in soil is bacteria>actinomycetes> filamentous fungi. Here, in the present invention, as the koji mold occupies a large part of the filamentous fungus, the amount of the filamentous fungus as a disease bacterium is relatively reduced, and the properties inherent to the koji mold (decomposition of carbohydrates, synthesis of organic acids, amino acids, etc.) Rather, it is an environment where bacteria and actinomycetes can easily propagate.

[0009] The charcoal granules to be mixed into the fermentation base are supplied in the form of powder or granules. Examples of the raw material for charcoal include carbonized plants such as bamboo and trees and carbonized sludge.

[0010]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a soil improvement material with less pathogenic bacteria due to the antibacterial action of bamboo pieces, in addition to the fact that the koji grows and the pathogenic bacteria are hardly propagated.
In the invention of claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1, by introducing such a soil improving material into a field or the like, the function of controlling humidity by carbon grains, the function of keeping the soil warm, and the function of ventilation can be improved.
In the invention of claim 3, as the koji grows, the input materials are decomposed and synthesized, so that the nutrient components can be more easily absorbed by the plant and the fertilizing power is improved. In addition, the growth of koji reduces the number of pathogenic bacteria and provides an environment where bacteria and actinomycetes can easily proliferate, providing a soil conditioner with a high ability to control nematodes. By inserting the timber into the field or the like, crop diseases can be prevented. In addition, when charcoal is mixed, the humidity control function by the charcoal particles, the heat insulation function of the soil, and the ventilation function are further improved.

[0011]

Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described. Example 1 The materials shown in Table 1 are put into a first container, stirred well, covered with a sheet, and cured. The second in the sense of switching back the next day
Transfer to a container. Cover and cure. Fermentation starts rapidly from the second transfer, and the temperature rises at the same time. In the example, the temperature rose to a maximum of 65 ° C. In this way, the fermentation is almost completed in the state where the transfer is performed four times and finally returned to the first container, and a secondary fermentation base is generated. And it was cured until the fermentation heat subsided to obtain a soil improvement material.

[0012]

[Table 1]

[0013] In the soil improving material thus obtained, since the koji mold material was a fermentation material containing a large amount of yeast and Bacills in addition to the koji mold, most of the filamentous fungi were koji mold and yeast. Among the bacteria, Bacillus spp. Derived from Aspergillus oryzae materials, and Bacillus subtilis that propagates particularly in a zone where the growth temperature is relatively low (65 ° C. or less) were characteristically observed. Other major bacteria observed include Thiobacillus, Flavobacterium, Ps
eudomonas, Arthrobacter, Nitrobacter, Nitoro
genus somonas and Gluconobacter. In actinomycetes
The genus Streptomices, Actinomyces was observed. Example 2 The materials shown in Table 2 were put into a first container, and 4
The transfer was performed several times to obtain a soil conditioner. However, since the implementation time was lower than in Example 1, the average temperature was 1
The second transfer was performed two days later. The thus obtained soil conditioner had almost the same ratio of bacteria as in Example 1.

[0014]

[Table 2]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C09K 17/42 C09K 17/42 H 17/50 17/50 H // C09K 101: 00

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A fermentation base comprising a koji mold, crushed bamboo pieces, a nitrogen source and a carbohydrate is subjected to primary fermentation with stirring, and a primary fermentation base containing a primary fermentation product produced by an enzymatic decomposition action of a koji mold is used as a culture substrate. Aerobic fermentation bacteria other than Aspergillus are propagated by agitation to produce a secondary fermentation base containing a secondary fermentation product produced by enzymatic degradation by the aerobic bacteria. Method. 2. The method for producing a soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation base is mixed with coal particles. 3. A soil conditioner obtained by the method according to claim 1.