RU2296732C2 - Method for production of peat-grains compost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology, in particular production of environmentally friendly peat-grains compost.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes blending of beer grains with peat in ratio of 1:1 or 1:2 followed bioactivator introducing and aerobic composting at 20-60°C and humidity of 65-70 % for 2-3 months. Compost ferment prepared by culturing of microorganism consortium, isolated from humified humous forest soil layers and containing fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sydowii, Cephalosporium, Glyocladium Cda., Trichoderma sp., actinomycetes Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces termoviolaceus, Streptomyces globisporus, Streptomyces rubber, Streptomyces viridosporus and bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus sublilis, in amount of 15 % or more based on composing mixture mass on beer grains is used as bioactivator.

EFFECT: accelerated fermentation and composting processes; compost of increased quality.

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Description

The invention relates to the biotechnology industry, in particular to the production of environmentally friendly compost based on brewing waste - beer grains using a composting stimulator in the form of a consortium of microorganisms.

A known method of producing compost by mixing waste from poultry and livestock farms with moisture-absorbing materials: lignin in combination with straw, sawdust, peat and subsequent solid-phase fermentation at a temperature of 20-70 ° C of the resulting mixture for 5-7 days using a composting stimulator in the form of a consortium based on thermotolerant and thermophilic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum, Micrococcus urea and the fungus Sporotrichum pruinosum, administered as an aqueous suspension of cells or in the form of a dry powder at a concentration of 0.05-0.1% by biomass by weight of the compostable mixture (see patent RU No. 2197453, IPC ⁷ C 07 F 11/08).

The disadvantages of this method is to obtain compost with low fertilizing and soil-improving properties due to the lack of a composting stimulator among microorganisms from lignin-destructive microorganisms, which leads to compost that is not fully ripe, containing semi-decomposed plant residues. Such compost can induce the growth and reproduction of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, and its half-life in the form of organic acids can have a negative effect on the growth and development of plants.

The closest way to the claimed one is the method of compost preparation, including mixing organic waste (litter) with crushed moisture-absorbing organic material (peat, sawdust) with the addition of a bioactivator in the form of a microbial composition, including cellulose-destroying, nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting microorganisms and aerobic composting mixtures (see patent RU No. 2230721, IPC ⁷ C 05 F 3/00, 11/08).

The disadvantage of this method is the choice of microorganisms without taking into account the temperature gradient of the activity of microorganisms, since the thermo-tolerant micromycete - Monoascus rubber used in the method is active only at a certain temperature, which slows down the fermentation process.

The objective of the invention is the industrial production of compost of high agrochemical value based on large-tonnage waste brewing - beer grains.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is to increase the intensity of the fermentation and composting processes and to improve the quality of the compost.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for preparing peat compost compost, comprising mixing waste with a humic containing component with the addition of a bioactivator and subsequent aerobic composting of the resulting mixture, nitrogen-containing waste in the form of beer grains is used as waste, peat taken as a humic containing component in the ratio 1 : 1 or 1: 2, while as a bioactivator use compost starter prepared according to patent 2213080, taken in an amount of not less than 15% by weight of compost washed mixture, and the mixture is composted at a temperature of 20-60 ° C and a humidity of 65-70% for 2-3 months.

Compost preparation with the addition of a bioactivator to the compost mixture containing a consortium of microorganisms from fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria isolated from well-humified humus layers of forest soil in accordance with the pattern of succession change of dominant microbial complexes-destructors in accordance with the sequence of changes in temperature and material composition of compostable components cultivated on beer grains, as well as the use of compost as the raw material, the same beer grains us - departing brewing serving as a good source of nutrition for growth and reproduction organotrofnyh many organisms and, above all, fungi involved in the initial stage of destruction of organic residues and to prepare conditions for the growth of other groups of microorganisms responsible for the subsequent processes of a transformation. This leads to the activation of the complex of beneficial microorganisms, the intensive oxidation of organic compounds of the composted mixture and the accumulation of humic substances in it, that is, the fermentation and composting process is accelerated to obtain high-quality compost with high fertilizing properties due to the presence of mineral and humic substances in it, as well as soil-improving properties due to the presence of humic substances of peat, stimulating the development of all soil microorganisms - fungi, bacteria and actin mycetomas.

Peat compost is prepared as follows.

Peat as a humic-containing component, selected from the upper layer of the lowland swamp, is mixed in a 1: 1 or 1: 2 ratio with nitrogen-containing waste - beer pellet (brewing waste) and the bioactivator is introduced as a compost starter prepared according to patent No. 2213080 by a beer cultivation method the pellet of a consortium of microorganisms from the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sydowii, Cephalosporium, Glyocladium Cda., Trichoderma sp., actinomycetes Streptomyces griseus, Streptomycesususbiusbruces brucesbrucesbromusrobcesrobcesrobcesrobcesrobces glocesorus subtilis. Compost yeast is added in an amount of not less than 15% of the weight of the composted mixture with a mixture moisture and compost yeast of 65-70%. Composting is carried out in open areas, maintaining humidity of 65-70%. After 2-3 days, under the action of compost starter, an active exothermic reaction begins (the temperature of the mixture rises to 50-55 ° C and above) as a result of intensive oxidation of organic compounds and the accumulation of humic substances and a complex of beneficial microorganisms. Composting the mixture is carried out for 2-3 months with a periodic, 1 time for 7-10 days, stirring it for aeration, while the temperature of the mixture gradually decreases to the ambient level.

Example 1

In laboratory conditions, peat in an amount of 5 kg was mixed in a container with 5 kg of beer grains (1: 1 ratio) and a bioactivator — compost starter in the amount of 15% by weight of the composted mixture of 1.5 kg with a moisture content of 65-70% was added. After 2-3 days there was an increase in the temperature of the mixture to 40-50 ° C and above. Composting of the mixture was carried out for 2 months with stirring 2-3 times a week for aeration of the substrate. At the end of composting, chemical analyzes showed (see Table 1) that during the fermentation, the compost mixture underwent a significant change: the carbon content decreased with an increase in the amount of nitrogen, which was reflected in a decrease in the C / N ratio. The pH value increased to the level of a neutral medium, which is explained by the action of ammonia nitrogen accumulated during the decomposition of protein substances in the beer pellet and characterized by an alkaline reaction. Significantly increased cation-exchange capacity, which is one of the indicators of the quality and maturity of the compost mass.

Table 1 Characterization of compostable raw materials and compost Compostable materials pH water Content C% Content,% C / n Cation exchange capacity, mEq / 100 g Characterization of composted raw materials Peat 5.14 42.30 2.24 18.9 19.8 Fresh shot 6.85 39.10 3.19 12.25 - Compost Characterization After 2 months composting: Peat mixes: grains = 1: 1 7.08 41.02 4.11 9.98 42 Peat mixes: grains = 1: 2 7.13 45.7 4,52 10.11 46

During composting, active humification was observed, and a higher content of humic acids in comparison with fulvic acids indicates sufficient maturity of the compost (see Table 2).

table 2 The content of humic compounds (C hum.,% To total C) Compost General C The sum of fractions of humic acids (HA) The sum of the fractions of fulvic acids (FC) GK + FC GK / FC From peat: grains 24.95 9.88 5.20 15.08 1.9 = 1: 1 From peat: grains 42.30 15.85 10.75 6.60 1.47 = 1: 2

Example 2

Peat in an amount of 5 kg was mixed in a container with 10 kg of beer grains (1: 2 ratio) and composted yeast was added in the amount of 15% of the weight of the composted mixture - 2.25 kg at a moisture content of 65-70%. Composting of the mixture was carried out analogously to example 1 for 2 months with periodic stirring. Compared with raw materials (see Table 1), an increase in the amount of nitrogen in a form more accessible to plants, an increase in the pH to a level of a neutral medium, an increase in the cation-exchange capacity, which is one of the indicators of the quality and maturity of the compost mass, are noted.

Comparison of the agrochemical characteristics of the claimed peat-compost compost with various types of known composts (see Table 3) showed that the claimed peat-and-peanine compost exceeds the known ones in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and is slightly inferior only to vermicompost in terms of potassium and vermicompost in terms of nitrogen.

Table 3 Agrochemical characteristics of various types of compost Types of Composts Nitrogen,% Phosphorus,% Potassium,% Declare - peat fraction 1.4 1,0 0.6 Peat moss - from low humus peat and pork manure 0.8 0.2 0.1 Manure Vermicompost 0.8 0.40 0.75 Biohumus obtained by cultivating an earthworm on fish farming waste 1,5 0.53 0.41

A method that provides accelerated production of environmentally friendly compost of high agrochemical value based on brewing waste will find wide industrial application.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing peat compost compost, comprising mixing waste with a humic containing component with the addition of a bioactivator and subsequent aerobic composting of the resulting mixture, characterized in that nitrogen-containing waste in the form of beer grains is used as waste, peat taken as a humic containing component in a ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 2, while compost starter prepared by the method of culturing on a beer pellet of a consortium of microorganisms isolated from x is used as a bioactivator Rosho humified humic forest soil layers consisting of fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sydowii, Cephalosporium, Glyocladium Cda., Trichoderma sp., actinomycetes, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces termoviolaceus, Streptomyces globisporus, Streptomyces ruber, Streptomyces viridosporus and bacteria Bacillus cereus. Bacillus mycoides. Bacillus subtilis, taken in an amount of at least 15% by weight of the composted mixture, and the mixture is composted at a temperature of 20-60 ° C and a humidity of 65-70% for 2-3 months.