JP7341383B1 - How to use mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying materials - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] Materials obtained by fermenting and drying waste mushroom culture media can be used as feed, bedding, fermentation agents, etc., but a rational method for using them has not been proposed. [Solution] Mushroom waste culture medium fermentation and drying materials obtained by fermenting and drying mushroom waste culture medium with useful bacteria to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia and drying it can be used as an environmental purification material. , spray on livestock barns. In addition, the waste mushroom culture medium fermentation and drying material is mixed as a fermentation starter so that it is dispersed in a large capacity of mushroom waste culture medium compared to the mushroom waste culture medium fermentation and drying material, and it is piled up on the ground in a well-drained place. The large volume of waste mushroom culture medium is fermented and dried to produce open compost. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for using a fermented and dried mushroom waste medium obtained by fermenting and drying a waste mushroom medium using useful bacteria to increase the content of amino acids without generating ammonia and drying the waste medium.

As shown in Figure 1, as a method for drying organic matter to obtain fermented and dried materials from mushroom waste medium, organic waste (mushroom waste medium 5) is fermented by adding a seed culture that does not generate ammonia to prevent putrefaction and fermentation. This is a method of fermenting and drying in a tank (plastic greenhouse 1), and the floor of the fermentation tank is set so that the environmental conditions are such that composting due to putrefaction and fermentation does not occur and fermentation and drying occur in a short time. The flooring (floorboard part 2) is made of one or a combination of wooden boards, wood boards with carbonized surfaces, and air passages are created without filling the gaps between the flooring materials with adhesive. is hollow 4, and a device equipped with a rotary-type rotary blade or a stirring and moving device for organic matter in a scoop-type fermenter (rotary-type stirring device 3) is used to cut back and move the organic matter on the floor (closed-loop trajectory 3a). ) has been proposed by the inventor of the present invention, in which the organic matter is fermented and dried (see Patent Document 1).

In addition, as a method for drying water-containing organic matter, it is possible to dry the mushrooms at a stage where bacteria are less likely to invade, immediately after the mushroom bed cultivation is scraped out of the mushroom cultivation bottle and the hyphae are cut and the growth potential is lost. In order to inject and plant aerobic bacteria inoculum into a mushroom waste bed, which is a water-containing organic substance, and to ferment and dry the mushroom waste bed by the aerobic bacteria, a rectangular outside with an open top and bottom is used. A container device for fermentation and drying whose outer shape is constituted by a frame body, which are erected and arranged in parallel at required intervals so as to divide a space in the outer frame body into which the mushroom waste bed is introduced. The partition wall has a partition wall on both sides, and is provided hollow so that the inside can be ventilated in the vertical direction, and the partition wall has a linear portion that intersects with the linear portion. drying the waste mushroom bed by the action of aerobic bacteria using a container device for fermentation and drying provided in a lattice or mesh shape with good air permeability formed by In the method, in the step of introducing and planting the aerobic fungi, the aerobic inoculum is sequentially discharged from the scraping device of the waste mushroom bed and transferred to a storage location on a conveyor. (see Patent Document 2) has been proposed by the inventor of the present application.

In addition, as a method for drying water-containing organic matter, it is possible to dry the mushrooms at a stage where bacteria are less likely to invade, immediately after the mushroom bed cultivation is scraped out of the mushroom cultivation bottle and the hyphae are cut and the growth potential is lost. It has a step of injecting and planting aerobic bacteria inoculum into a waste mushroom bed, which is a water-containing organic substance, and a step of drying the waste mushroom bed by the action of aerobic bacteria, and it can be used as a biomass powder fuel or microbial material. A method for drying hydrated organic matter to produce a usable dried product, in which in the step of introducing and planting the aerobic fungus inoculum, the mushrooms are sequentially discharged from the scraping device of the waste mushroom bed and placed on a conveyor. The inventor of the present invention has proposed a method in which the aerobic bacteria seed culture is continuously introduced during the transfer to the storage location (see Patent Document 3).

Furthermore, as a product that uses organic fermented and dried materials (fermented materials) obtained by the organic matter drying method described above, mushroom waste culture medium, which is a used fungal bed in artificial cultivation of mushrooms, is used immediately after scraping out from the cultivation bottle. Mushroom culture media is a fermented material obtained by rapidly fermenting and drying the waste mushroom culture medium by adding useful bacteria that perform fermentation that produces amino acids without producing an ammonia odor, at least before the proliferation of harmful bacteria begins. The inventor of the present application has proposed a mushroom cultivation medium (see Patent Document 4), which is characterized in that it is blended as a part of nutritional materials.

In addition, as a method for drying and solidifying water-containing organic matter, there is a step of inoculating aerobic bacteria into water-containing organic matter that is not contaminated with bacteria in the form of powder, granules, or aggregates thereof; A drying step of drying to a moisture content that slows down the growth of the aerobic bacteria due to the drying effect caused by the proliferation of bacteria, and molding the water-containing organic matter, whose moisture content has been adjusted in the drying step, into a solid shape using a pressurizing molding machine. A method for drying and solidifying a water-containing organic material, the method comprising: a molding step in which the water-containing organic material is a waste mushroom bed; The method is characterized in that it is carried out by introducing an aerobic fungus inoculum at a stage when there is little invasion of bacteria immediately after the hyphae are cut and the growth ability of the mushroom is lost by being scraped out (Patent Document 5) ) has been proposed by the inventor of the present application.

Patent No. 5144884 (Claim 1) Patent No. 5295754 (Claim 1) Patent No. 5730945 (Claim 1) Patent No. 5507235 (Claim 1) Patent No. 5405774 (Claim 1)

The problem to be solved regarding the method of using mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying materials is that the materials obtained by fermenting and drying mushroom waste medium can be used as feed, bedding, fermentation agents, etc., but only in trace amounts. No rational method of use has been proposed that would yield superior results.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rational method for using a waste mushroom culture fermentation and drying material that can obtain excellent effects with the use of a small amount of the mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying material.

The present invention includes the following configuration to achieve the above object.
According to one embodiment of the method of using the mushroom waste culture medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, the mushroom waste culture medium is fermented and dried by useful bacteria that ferment and dry the waste mushroom culture medium so as to increase the content of amino acids without generating ammonia. The fermented and dried mushroom waste medium obtained by this method is used as an environmental purification material and is sprayed at a daily rate of 3 to 10 g per pig in the livestock barns of pig farms. It is characterized by being a complex bacterium containing at least one of Aspergillus aspergillus, Bacillus natto, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria .

Further, according to one embodiment of the method of using the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, the mushroom waste medium is fermented by useful bacteria that ferments and dries the mushroom waste medium so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia. The dried mushroom waste culture medium fermented and dried material obtained by drying is mixed as a fermentation seed so that it is dispersed in a mushroom waste culture medium with a larger capacity than the mushroom waste culture medium fermented and dried material, and then placed on the ground in a well-drained place. The method is characterized in that the large volume of waste mushroom culture medium piled up in the open is fermented and dried to produce open piled compost.

Moreover, according to one embodiment of the method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention, the piled-up compost can be used as a fermentation starter for composting livestock manure.

According to the method of using the mushroom waste culture medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, a particularly advantageous effect is achieved in that an excellent effect can be obtained by using a small amount of the mushroom waste culture medium fermentation and drying material.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a manufacturing apparatus for producing a fermented and dried mushroom waste medium according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the method of using the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, an example of the method of using the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention will be described in detail below.

According to the method of using the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, the mushroom waste medium is fermented and dried to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia, and is obtained by fermenting and drying the mushroom waste medium using useful bacteria. The method is characterized in that the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium is sprayed on livestock barns as an environmental purification material. It should be noted that these useful bacteria are complex bacteria, which will be described later, and can grow and function in an aerobic fermentation environment.

For example, in the case of a pig farm, the amount of the mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying material to be sprayed is preferably 3 to 10 g per pig per day. As a more specific example, when each pig was sprayed with an average of about 5g of fermented and dried powdered mushroom waste culture material per day in the pigpen, the mortality rate of the pigs was reduced from 1% to almost 1% per day. We were able to reduce the amount to zero and stop the symptoms of diarrhea in pigs. In addition, when we investigated pig feces, we found that pathogenic bacteria had been eliminated by using the mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying material. In other words, according to the method of using the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, instead of using it as feed as in the past, it can be used to improve the health of livestock, including poultry farms (chicken houses), by simply spraying it as an environmental purification material. It is effective and excellent medicinal effects can be obtained by using a small amount. Further, according to the method of using the mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, by purifying the environment, an extremely high deodorizing effect can be obtained, and the problem of bad odor in livestock barns can be solved.

According to another method of using the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, the mushroom waste medium is fermented and dried using useful bacteria that ferment and dry the mushroom waste medium so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia. The mushroom waste medium fermented and dried material obtained in the above is mixed as a fermentation starter so that it is dispersed in a large volume of mushroom waste medium compared to the mushroom waste medium fermented and dried material, and the mixture is piled up on the ground in a well-drained place. The method is characterized in that the large capacity mushroom waste medium is fermented and dried to produce open pile compost. In addition, in order to have a well-drained area, the place where a large capacity of mushroom waste culture medium 30 mixed with mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying materials is piled up is as shown in Figure 2, where soil 10 is piled up and slightly higher than the surrounding area. It is better to keep it high. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a drainage groove 20 may be dug around the place where the large capacity waste mushroom culture medium 30 is piled up in the open to improve drainage. Furthermore, a well-drained slope may be used as a place to pile up the large volume of mushroom waste culture medium 30 in the open.

By the way, if the waste mushroom culture medium is directly covered with vinyl or the like to impair its ventilation, it will lead to putrefaction and fermentation. Therefore, in the present invention, a large volume of waste mushroom culture medium (biomass made of waste mushroom culture medium) is composted in an open pile state where rainwater directly hits the waste mushroom culture medium without covering it with vinyl or the like. Also, if the ground is covered with concrete, water permeability will be poor and the mushrooms will rot and ferment, so it is best to pile up large amounts of waste mushroom culture on the ground. In this way, a large volume of waste mushroom culture medium can be composted without rotting and fermenting, because white filamentous fungi (actinomycetes) propagate in the latter stages of fermentation using mushroom waste culture medium fermentation and drying materials, form a fungal layer, and drain rainwater. In addition to repelling water, drying progresses due to fermentation heat and metabolism caused by bacterial growth.

Further, for example, the amount of the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material used may be small, and the mixing ratio of the mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material to the large volume of mushroom waste medium is, for example, 0.1% or more and 3% or less. be able to. Furthermore, as a specific example, when about 5 kg of mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying materials were mixed with 1 ton of large capacity mushroom waste culture medium, the mushroom waste culture medium was left in the open air for about 1 to 3 months without rotting and fermenting. By simply doing this, the large volume of waste mushroom culture medium could be turned into extremely high-quality soil conditioner or compost. In other words, when open pile compost is produced by the method of the present invention, excellent compost can be easily produced while preventing groundwater contamination and soil contamination by preventing the generation of foul odors and black water due to decomposition. can. Although the cutting is basically unnecessary in order to prevent the introduction of germs, it may be repeated a minimum number of times, for example, from once to several times, in order to improve homogeneity.

On the other hand, conventionally, when waste mushroom culture medium is composted in the open (in the open), it causes a foul odor accompanied by the odor of ammonia from rotting and fermenting, water pollution due to black water generated by rotting, and soil contamination due to nitrite nitrogen. Resulting in. In other words, when the compost is piled up in the open air, rainwater is sucked in and an extremely strong odor is generated, especially when turning over or spraying on farmland, deteriorating the surrounding environment. Incidentally, waste mushroom culture medium piled up in the open will reduce in volume if left for a long time, but it has been pointed out that not only does it emit a bad odor, but it can also be contaminated with nitrite nitrogen (a carcinogen) that permeates into the soil, causing groundwater contamination. ing.

Further, according to the present invention, the mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying materials and the open piled compost can be used as fermentation starter bacteria for better composting of organic matter such as livestock manure, and the above-mentioned open piled compost can be It can be used in the same way as composting. When waste mushroom culture medium is fermented and dried in an aerobic fermentation environment by useful bacteria, it is extremely efficient and is called fermentation starter or bokashi starter, as it prevents fermentation by spoilage bacteria that decomposes proteins and generates ammonia. Becomes fermentation material (mushroom waste medium fermentation drying material). According to the method of using the mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying material according to the present invention, which utilizes this fermentation material (mushroom waste culture fermentation and drying material), an aerobic fermentation environment is created, so that water-containing food waste is Fermentation of livestock manure, which is an example of organic waste, can be accelerated so that it dries quickly, producing extremely high-quality compost derived from livestock manure without producing unpleasant odors including ammonia odor. can. Not only this, but other organic wastes can also be properly decomposed and composted, and it goes without saying that already composted materials can be aged to become even better soil conditioners and fertilizers. It is.

Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the useful bacteria include actinomycetes and at least one of the edible bacteria Aspergillus Aspergillus, Bacillus natto, yeast bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria, thereby making it possible to suitably perform fermentation and drying without generating ammonia. It can be promoted. That is, in the present invention, fermentation and drying is performed by a combination of useful bacteria without causing putrefaction and fermentation that decomposes proteins and generates ammonia and water, thereby preventing the generation of unpleasant odors. It has the effect of

The mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material according to the present invention (the fermentation material obtained by fermenting and drying the mushroom waste medium with useful bacteria) is manufactured by Moriyodo Co., Ltd. (877-2 Oaza Shinbo, Nakano City, Nagano Prefecture), for example. Kinkoso (registered trademark) can be used. Note that a mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying material molded into pellets as described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 5 may be used as the fermentation and drying accelerator. Pellet-shaped pellets have the advantage of being easier to handle because they contain fewer fine dust-like particles, and by absorbing moisture and loosening with use, they can accelerate fermentation and drying in the same way as powder-like pellets.

It should be noted that this useful bacterium can be said to belong to psychrotrophic bacteria, but it generates heat up to about 65°C during growth and fermentation. In this way, since fermentation heat is generated by the useful bacteria, the material to be fermented is dried by natural drying using the fermentation itself of the useful bacteria and the accompanying fermentation heat. In addition, by generating heat to about 65°C, the generation of insects can be prevented.

In addition, according to the fermentation drying using the useful bacteria of the present invention, the dryness of organic matter in the form of garbage will eventually reach the limit of dryness in the atmosphere due to the action of actinomycetes. It will increase. According to this, for example, household food waste (garbage), which is a typical example of organic matter with a high moisture content, can be processed and recycled into a high-quality organic resource.

Next, the characteristics of the fermentation material (fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material) according to the present invention will be explained.
The present inventor (Hisakazu Ikeda) discovered that nutrients can be produced by properly fermenting a waste mushroom culture medium. In other words, this characteristic is due to the fact that when the residues of nutritional materials such as rice bran and dead mushroom mycelium, which are the components of the mushroom waste medium, are not putrefied and decomposed to produce ammonia and water through an appropriate fermentation and drying process, they are prevented from decomposing by producing ammonia and water, and the resultant mixture of bacteria is prevented. Amino acids are ultimately produced through the action of useful bacteria.

That is, useful bacteria, including Aspergillus aspergillus, Bacillus natto, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, produce sugars, amino acids, proteins, and enzymes, and produce nutrients for mushroom growth that can be reused, for example, as a mushroom culture medium. (See Patent Document 4). The results of the nutritional analysis revealed that the fermented material had the same amino acid content as the medium before use for mushroom cultivation.

Regarding the method for producing this fermented material, the contents described in the aforementioned Patent Documents 1 to 3, 5, etc. have already been proposed by the present inventor (Hisakazu Ikeda). The production method for these fermented materials uses beneficial bacteria to rapidly ferment and dry them, thereby keeping out harmful bacteria. In other words, good fermentation can be achieved by adding useful bacteria to the waste mushroom culture medium immediately after scraping it out of the mushroom cultivation bottle and at least before the proliferation of various bacteria begins. Moreover, this manufacturing method is drying using fermentation heat, and is based on natural drying in the atmosphere without heating. Therefore, fermentation can be carried out suitably even in winter. Since the drying method utilizes the biodegradation effect of fermentation itself and the heat of fermentation, the cost of the drying process can be reduced and fermented materials can be provided at low cost. However, of course, fermentation can be promoted by heating.

Although the present invention has been variously explained above using preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is about.

1 Plastic greenhouse 2 Floor board 3 Rotary stirring device 3a Closed loop trajectory 4 Hollow 5 Waste mushroom culture medium 10 Soil 20 Drainage groove 30 Waste mushroom culture medium Large capacity waste mushroom culture medium mixed with fermented and dried materials

Claims (1)

Fermented and dried mushroom waste culture medium obtained by fermenting and drying waste mushroom culture medium with useful bacteria to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia is used as an environmental purification material in pig farms. The method is to spray 3 to 10 g per pig per day in livestock barns, and the useful bacteria are actinomycetes and a complex bacteria containing at least one of the edible bacteria Aspergillus Aspergillus, Bacillus natto, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria. A method of using mushroom waste medium fermentation and drying materials, characterized by :

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