CN106278455A - The preparation method of a kind of fertilizer and fertilizer - Google Patents
The preparation method of a kind of fertilizer and fertilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106278455A CN106278455A CN201610618719.0A CN201610618719A CN106278455A CN 106278455 A CN106278455 A CN 106278455A CN 201610618719 A CN201610618719 A CN 201610618719A CN 106278455 A CN106278455 A CN 106278455A
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- fertilizer
- mixture
- preparation
- fermentation
- vermiculitum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides the preparation method of a kind of fertilizer and prepare the fertilizer that raw material prepares, described method includes: deadwood leaf is pulverized by (1)；(2) Vermiculitum, bottom mud in lake are mixed with the described deadwood leaf pulverized；(3) make said mixture be interrupted and be in anaerobic state, and the described anaerobic state time constantly extends, and obtains preconditioned mixture；(4) in described preconditioned mixture, biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent is added；(5) described mixture is fermented in fermentation tank；(6) under vacuum conditions, described fermented product is relayed supervention ferment at fermentation tank, obtains fermented product；(7) described fermented product is carried out processed, obtain fertilizer.The organic waste materials such as the branch of maintenance, fallen leaves, grass cuttings during urban afforestation can be re-used by the preparation method of the fertilizer of the present invention, decreases the trash burning pollution to environment, it is possible to be widely used in construction of city afforestation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bio-fermentation engineering field, particularly to preparation method and the fertilizer of a kind of fertilizer.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of urban afforestation, urban green space expands rapidly, the big volume production of the dry branches and fallen leaves (the litter) of plant
Raw.Traditional idea is often regarded as dry branches and fallen leaves to be affected health, affects view, to consume substantial amounts of manpower fund pair the most every year
It carries out cleaning, burning, thus poses a big pressure to city's management, burns and environment causes the biggest pollution.
At present the processing method of intensively dry branches and fallen leaves is afforested for main garden and mainly has 3 kinds: sanitary landfills, burning and
Traditional method compost, but these methods have certain limitation: one, fill simple to operate, but floor space is big, and may
Produce secondary pollution；Two, burn investment huge, and burning can produce smoke pollution problem；Three, traditional compost method heap on the spot
Putting and be easily generated foul smell, pollute surrounding enviroment, the methane that leaves fermentation simultaneously produces can become the hidden danger of fire and blast, be discharged into
Air can produce again greenhouse effect.Therefore, find the reasonable and economic and environment-friendly method processing dry branches and fallen leaves the most important.
The branch of maintenance, fallen leaves, grass cuttings etc. during urban afforestation can be had by the preparation method of the fertilizer of the present invention
Machine waste material re-uses, and decreases the trash burning pollution to environment, it is possible to be widely used in construction of city afforestation.Meanwhile, originally
The preparation method of organic fertilizer of invention the most easily realizes, and the Organic substance organic principle of preparation is high, it is possible to the most sharp to refuse
With, and the fertilizer during urban afforestation, decrease the use of chemical pesticide.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of fertilizer in one aspect, and described method comprises the steps:
(1) deadwood leaf is pulverized；
(2) Vermiculitum, bottom mud in lake being mixed with the deadwood leaf pulverized in step (1), described bottom mud in lake is withered with described
The weight ratio of branch and leaf is 1:6-15, regulates obtained mixture water content to 65-75 weight %；
(3) said mixture interval gradient is exposed oxygen, and the described anaerobic state time constantly extends, and is preferably in anaerobic
The number of times of state more than 10 times, obtains preconditioned mixture；
(4) in described preconditioned mixture, add biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent, obtain the mixture for fermentation；
(5) the described mixture being used for fermentation is fermented in fermentation tank；
(6) under vacuum conditions, described mixture is relayed supervention ferment at fermentation tank, obtains fermented product；
(7) described fermented product is carried out processed, obtain fertilizer.
Preferably, in described step (1), deadwood leaf is crushed to 2-4cm.
Preferably, in described step (2), Vermiculitum mixes according to the ratio of weight 1:1.5 with described deadwood leaf.
Preferably, described biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent includes yeast, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Preferably, described biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent adds according to mixture interpolation 0.15%-0.18 weight % of mixing
Add.
Preferably, in described step (5), fermentation initial temperature is 10-35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 35-40 days.
Preferably, in described step (6), fermentation temperature is 25-35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 8-12 days.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fertilizer and prepares raw material, and described fertilizer is prepared raw material and included:
Deadwood leaf, Vermiculitum and bottom mud in lake, described bottom mud in lake is 1:6-15 with the weight ratio of described deadwood leaf, by gained
The mixture water content arrived regulates to 65-75 weight %.
Preferably, described fertilizer is prepared raw material and is also included weight ratio 1:1.5 of Vermiculitum, Vermiculitum and described deadwood leaf.
In one embodiment, described fertilizer is prepared raw material and is exposed oxygen process through interval gradient, and intermittently gradient exposes oxygen
The anaerobic state time processed constantly extends, and is preferably in the number of times more than 10 times of anaerobic state.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fertilizer, described fertilizer Source Organic Matter branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings
And lose at least one in spending, organic accounting is 50-65%, and biological bacteria accounting is 5-8%, trace element accounting 4-8%,
Moisture accounting 22-25.
Preferably, one or more mixture during described trace element is copper, ferrum, molybdenum, zinc, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that: the preparation method of the fertilizer of the present invention can be green to city
During change, the branch of maintenance, fallen leaves, the organic waste materials such as grass cuttings re-use, and decrease the trash burning pollution to environment, energy
Enough it is widely used in construction of city afforestation.Meanwhile, the preparation method of organic fertilizer of the present invention the most easily realizes, the Organic substance of preparation
Organic principle is high, it is possible to effectively to waste recycling, and the fertilizer during urban afforestation, decreases making of chemical pesticide
With.
Should be appreciated that aforementioned description substantially is exemplary illustration and explanation with follow-up detailed description, should not
It is used as the restriction of content claimed to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In the present invention, deadwood leaf is selected from: branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and lose at least one in spending.
Biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent is a kind of microniological proudcts, and commercially available product is similar, is suitable for the present invention.
Biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent contains the non-pathogenic beneficial microbe of high concentration, and with the addition of and can decompose various macromolecular complex
The multiple enzyme of matter.Biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent is by lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, yeast, bacillus cereus, bacillus bifidus, unwrapping wire
Bacterium and photosynthetic bacteria etc. 10 belongs to what 80 multiple beneficial microorganisms were composited.Microorganism therein can produce in composting process
Digestive enzyme comes the protein particulate in decomposing and fermenting compost and organic matter.
In one embodiment, the specific practice of the present invention is as follows:
1, material is prepared, first by branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and to lose pollen broken,
2, Vermiculitum, bottom mud in lake are mixed with the deadwood leaf pulverized in step (1), described bottom mud in lake and described deadwood
The weight ratio of leaf is 1:6-15, by obtained mixture water content regulation to 65-75 weight %, described Vermiculitum and described deadwood
Weight ratio 1:1.5 of leaf；
3, said mixture interval gradient is exposed oxygen, and the described anaerobic state time constantly extends, and is preferably in anaerobic
The number of times of state more than 10 times, obtains preconditioned mixture；
4, the biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent of 0.15% is added；
5, adjusting C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio), the material C/N ratio of fermentation fertilizer should be maintained at 25-30:1, because of fallen leaves, hay
C/N ratio is the highest, is preferably adjusted.Such as, the hay fallen leaves of a ton to add the carbamide of one kilogram and (or add the animal dung of 100 jin
Just)；
6, moisture is controlled, branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and lose colored moisture and should control at 65-75%.Moisture judges:
Hand-tight grab a material, webs water breakthrough print but do not drip, land i.e. to dissipate and be advisable, water ferments slowly less, and water ventilates poor, also results in
" putrefaction bacteria " works and produces stink；
7, fermentation tank requirement, puts into fermentation tank by the material got ready, and tank height can not be the shortest the least with volume, it is desirable to: high by 1.5
Rice, wide 2 meters, length 2-4 rice or longer；
8, temperature requirement, start-up temperature more than 15 DEG C preferably (four seasons can operation, not by seasonal effect, winter exists as far as possible
The interior fermentation of indoor or booth), fermentation calefaction controls to be advisable below 70-75 DEG C；
9, overturning oxygen supply, in operation thus oxygen supply measure should be strengthened, accomplish to mix thoroughly, duty is turned over, ventilate and be advisable；
10, having fermented, typically after solid accumulation 48 hours, temperature rises to 50-60 DEG C, the 3rd day up to 65 DEG C with
On, want overturning at these elevated temperatures once, generally, sweat there will be twice high temperature of more than 65 DEG C, overturning two
Secondary both can having completed is fermented, and can ferment in normal one week.Material is pitchy, and temperature starts to be down to room temperature, shows to have fermented
Become.
The method of the present invention by branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and after losing flower fermentation, can play thoroughly " deodorize ", " becoming thoroughly decomposed ", "
The effect of parasite killing ", " sterilizing ", ferment the fertilizer, and not only fertilizer efficiency is good, safe and convenient to use, but also have disease-resistant growth-promoting,
Foster and apply fertilizer land productivity, improve the effect such as chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, really achieve many things at one stroke, be that to process dry branches and fallen leaves at present be most efficient method.
Additionally, it is possible to dry branches and fallen leaves is fermented into the seedling medium of high-quality.
Being regardless of and be limited to concrete theoretical restriction, the interval gradient of the present invention exposes oxygen process and may enter amphimicrobe
Having gone enrichment, these amphimicrobes play well effect for sweat.
By with reference to one exemplary embodiment, the purpose of the present invention and function and for realizing the side of these purposes and function
Method will be illustrated.But, the present invention is not limited to one exemplary embodiment disclosed below；Can be come by multi-form
It is realized.The essence of description is only the detail helping the various equivalent modifications Integrated Understanding present invention.
Embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, the raw material of preparation organic matter is all from the branch of city maintenance, and fallen leaves, grass in urban afforestation
Consider to be worth doing and lose flower.
In the present embodiment, organic preparation method is:
(1) using branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and lose flower and be crushed to 2-4cm carrying out and sieve process as major ingredient；
(2) Vermiculitum, bottom mud in lake being mixed with the major ingredient in step (1), wherein, Vermiculitum and described major ingredient are according to weight 1:
The ratio mixing of 1.5, described bottom mud in lake (picking up from Miyun Reservoir) is 1:6-15 with the weight ratio of described major ingredient, by obtained
Mixture water content regulates to 60 weight %；
(3) said mixture interval gradient is exposed oxygen, and the described anaerobic state time constantly extends (from 0.5 hour, often
Secondary it is incremented by 0.5 hour), it is in the number of times 12 times of anaerobic state, the aerobic state time is 1.5 hours, obtains pretreatment mixing
Thing；
(4) fermenting agent (Zhengzhou Nong Shengle agricultural science and technology company limited Nong Shengle is added according to the weight of raw material after mixing
Plantation em bacterium solution), described fermenting agent includes yeast, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, obtains the mixing for fermentation
Thing, described fermenting agent adds 0.15%-0.18% according to the weight of raw material after mixing.
(5) by described be used for fermentation mixture ferment in fermentation tank, start-up temperature at 20 DEG C, fermentation calefaction control
System is advisable below 70-75 DEG C, and fermentation time is 35-40 days, in operation thus oxygen supply measure should be strengthened, accomplish to mix thoroughly,
Duty is turned over, is ventilated and be advisable；
(6) under vacuum conditions, at fermentation tank, described mixture being relayed supervention ferment, fermentation initial temperature is 25 DEG C, sends out
The ferment time is 8-12 days, obtains fermented product；
(7) described fermented product is carried out processed, obtain fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
Processed to fermented product in the present embodiment, first, uses water absorbing agent to absorb water fermented product, then uses
Water absorbing agent after water suction and fermented product are separated by micro-filtration membrane.It should be appreciated that be by fermented product for processed
Reaching to be dehydrated purpose thus obtain fertilizer, this is not invented and is not limited to the restriction to dewatering.
The fertilizer that the present invention provides, wherein Source Organic Matter branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and lose at least one in spending,
Organic accounting is 50-65%, and biological bacteria accounting is 5-8%, trace element accounting 4-8%, moisture accounting 15-18.Described micro-
Secondary element is one or more mixture in copper, ferrum, molybdenum, zinc, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium.
The fertilizer that being presented herein below provides the present invention does the analysis of composition, in the present embodiment, prepared by the present invention fertilizer side
The composition of the fertilizer that method obtains is analyzed by experiment detection.
Specifically, experimental test data is as shown in the table:
| Detection project | Measurement unit | Testing result |
| Organic | % (kg) | 58.2 |
| Biological bacteria | % (kg) | 6.1 |
| Moisture | % (kg) | 15.7 |
| Copper | % (kg) | 0.07 |
| Ferrum | % (kg) | 0.13 |
| Zinc | % (kg) | 0.11 |
| Calcium | % (kg) | 0.09 |
| Molybdenum | % (kg) | 0.06 |
| Nitrogen | % (kg) | 2.11 |
| Phosphorus | % (kg) | 1.37 |
| Potassium | % (kg) | 1.82 |
| Manganese | % (kg) | 0.08 |
| Trace element | % (kg) | 5.84 |
The present embodiment is by upper table it can be seen that the present invention prepares the fertilizer that the method for fertilizer obtains, and organic matter accounts for
Ratio 58.2%, has higher organic principle.Trace element accounting 1.59%, wherein, N P and K accounting reaches 5.3%.
Embodiment 3
As a comparison, under conditions of remaining condition is identical, it is added without bottom mud in lake and enters according to the step of embodiment
Go contrast test, obtained contrasting fertilizer.The fertilizer of the present invention of embodiment 1 and contrast fertilizer have been carried out effect examination
Test.
The fertilizer of the present invention of same amount and contrast fertilizer are respectively applied to 30 basin Semen Pisi sativis and (put 3 in each basin
Pea seed) conduct, observe the growing state of Semen Pisi sativi the most simultaneously.Contrast fertilizer group leader goes out 76 strain pea seedlingss, the present invention
Fertilizer group leader goes out 80 strain pea seedlingss, measures their height, the height average specific pair of fertilizer group 80 strain pea seedlings of the present invention
3.4 centimetres are exceeded than the height of fertilizer 76 strain pea seedlings.
The branch of maintenance, fallen leaves, grass cuttings etc. during urban afforestation can be had by the preparation method of the fertilizer of the present invention
Machine waste material re-uses, and decreases the trash burning pollution to environment, it is possible to be widely used in construction of city afforestation.Meanwhile, originally
The preparation method of organic fertilizer of invention the most easily realizes, and the Organic substance organic principle of preparation is high, it is possible to the most sharp to refuse
With, turn waste into wealth.Meanwhile, the fertilizer that the present invention provides, as the fertilizer during urban afforestation, decreases chemical pesticide
Use, effectively protect environment.
In conjunction with explanation and the practice of the present invention disclosed here, other embodiments of the present invention are for those skilled in the art
All it is easy to expect and understand.Illustrating and embodiment is to be considered only as exemplary, true scope and the purport of the present invention are equal
It is defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a fertilizer, it is characterised in that described method comprises the steps:
(1) deadwood leaf is pulverized；
(2) Vermiculitum, bottom mud in lake are mixed with the deadwood leaf pulverized in step (1), described bottom mud in lake and described deadwood leaf
Weight ratio be 1:6-15, obtained mixture water content is regulated to 65-75 weight %；
(3) said mixture interval gradient is exposed oxygen, and the described anaerobic state time constantly extends, and is preferably in anaerobic state
Number of times more than 10 times, obtain preconditioned mixture；
(4) in described preconditioned mixture, add biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent, obtain the mixture for fermentation；
(5) the described mixture being used for fermentation is fermented in fermentation tank；
(6) under vacuum conditions, described mixture is relayed supervention ferment at fermentation tank, obtains fermented product；
(7) described fermented product is carried out processed, obtain fertilizer.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (1), deadwood leaf is crushed to 2-4cm.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (2), Vermiculitum is pressed with described deadwood leaf
Ratio according to weight 1:1.5 mixes.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent includes yeast
Bacterium, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after described biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent is according to mixing
Mixture 0.15%-0.18 weight % add.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (4), fermentation initial temperature is 10-35
DEG C, fermentation time is 35-40 days.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (5), fermentation temperature is 25-35 DEG C,
Fermentation time is 8-12 days.
The fertilizer that the most according to claim 1, preparation method obtains, it is characterised in that described fertilizer Source Organic Matter tree
Branch, fallen leaves, grass cuttings and lose at least one in spending, organic accounting is 50-65%, and biological bacteria accounting is 5-8%, trace unit
Element accounting 4-8%, moisture accounting 15-18.
Fertilizer the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described trace element be copper, ferrum, molybdenum, zinc, manganese, nitrogen,
One or more mixture in phosphorus, potassium, calcium.
10. fertilizer prepares a raw material, and described fertilizer is prepared raw material and included:
Deadwood leaf, Vermiculitum and bottom mud in lake, described bottom mud in lake is 1:6-15 with the weight ratio of described deadwood leaf, by obtained
Mixture water content regulates to 65-75 weight %, and the most described fertilizer is prepared raw material and also included Vermiculitum, and Vermiculitum is withered with described
Weight ratio 1:1.5 of branch and leaf, the most described fertilizer is prepared raw material and is exposed oxygen process through interval gradient, intermittently at gradient exposure oxygen
The anaerobic state time of reason constantly extends, and is preferably in the number of times more than 10 times of anaerobic state.
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| CN201610618719.0A CN106278455A (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2016-07-27 | The preparation method of a kind of fertilizer and fertilizer |
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| CN201610618719.0A CN106278455A (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2016-07-27 | The preparation method of a kind of fertilizer and fertilizer |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108640801A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-10-12 | 谢职刚 | The method for processing organic fertilizer using agricultural wastes |
| CN108689774A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-23 | 贵州义龙万丰生态肥业有限公司 | A kind of myotonin fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof |
| CN115259961A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-01 | 广东省适然环境科技研究有限公司 | Method for treating organic fertilizer by horizontal fermentation tank |
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| CN108689774A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-10-23 | 贵州义龙万丰生态肥业有限公司 | A kind of myotonin fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof |
| CN108640801A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-10-12 | 谢职刚 | The method for processing organic fertilizer using agricultural wastes |
| CN115259961A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-01 | 广东省适然环境科技研究有限公司 | Method for treating organic fertilizer by horizontal fermentation tank |
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Application publication date: 20170104 |