RU2322427C1 - Method of biologically processing bird dung - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnological production of fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: method envisages mixing bird dung with moisture-absorbing material followed by aerobic fermentation of the mixture in presence of microorganisms. Process is carried out at stirring until temperature of fermentation mixture spontaneously drops to 25-30°C, said microorganisms being consortium of strains: Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-9-7, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441. Preferable implementation of the method is when above-listed strains are used in equal proportions and in amount of 1•10⁸-1•10⁹ cells in 1 mL per 1 ton bird dung.

EFFECT: enabled production of less expensive high-efficiency fertilizer due to reduced processing expenses because of simplified technology and diminished use of consortium of strains.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to bioconversion of waste from poultry farms and can be used to obtain environmentally friendly effective fertilizer for crops.

The creation of large-scale poultry farms on an industrial basis causes significant disturbances in the ecological balance, environmental pollution of the territories of the economy and adjacent areas, as well as airspace, since when stored in pure form, the litter quickly coalesces and emits a fetid odor due to the release of decomposition products. Pathogenic microflora and helminth eggs develop in the litter.

A number of known methods for the disposal of manure and bird droppings:

- methane digestion for biogas production;

- long-term composting for organic fertilizers;

- chemical treatment of litter;

- thermal drying of the litter at various temperature conditions;

- processing of litter by insects and worms;

- microbiological conversion of manure and litter.

A known method of biological processing of bird droppings, which involves mixing it with a moisture-absorbing material and subsequent purging with an oxygen-containing gas, in which the fermentation process is carried out due to microorganisms that are initially in the litter for 70-90 hours, is heated up before loading the litter with moisture-absorbing material, see SU Copyright certificate No. 1749217, IPC C05F 3/00, 1992.

The disadvantage of this method is that for the implementation of this technology requires a reactor of a special design, where the mixture is purged with gas in the longitudinal and transverse directions during the fermentation period, and before loading into the reactor, the mixture is heated with a special copper electrode.

The closest in technical essence is the method of biological processing of bird droppings, which involves mixing bird droppings with water-absorbing material followed by aerobic fermentation of the mixture in the presence of a consortium of microorganisms, (Streptococcus fhermophilus. Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus salivariusus varivariusus varivariusus var. , Lactobacillus acophilus) No. VKPM B-5972, which is added to the litter before mixing it with moisture-absorbing material, moreover, pre-bird droppings in the presence of a bacterium consortium ry fermented under natural conditions, and then the resulting mixture is subjected to aerobic fermentation under stirring in the presence of synanthropic flies to a natural reduction of the temperature of the fermentation mixture to 25-30 ° C and then a second mixture is introduced into said consortium of bacteria and is fermented in vivo.

An advantageous implementation of the method, when the consortium is added to the litter in an amount of 0.01-4.0%, and 0.01-8.0% to the fermented mixture, see RU Patent No. 2055823, IPC C05F 11/08, 1996

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the process, as well as the high consumption of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the process, reducing the consumption of the consortium.

The technical problem is solved by the method of biological processing of bird droppings, involving the mixing of bird droppings with moisture-absorbing material followed by aerobic fermentation of the mixture in the presence of microorganisms while stirring until the temperature of the fermentation mixture naturally drops to 25-30 ° C, in which a consortium of Bacillus subtilis B strains is used as microorganisms -168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441. An advantageous implementation of the method of biological processing of bird droppings when a consortium of strains of Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 is used in an amount of 1 · 10 ⁸ -1 · 10 ⁹ cells in 1 ml per 1 ton of bird droppings.

The solution to the technical problem allows us to simplify the method of biological processing of bird droppings by reducing the number of technological operations and reduce the consumption of the consortium.

We give examples of specific performance.

An example of a specific implementation of the prototype.

Liquid droppings of a consortium of bacteria (Streptococcus fhermophilus, Streptococcus bovis, Lactobacillus salivarius var. Sallcinicus, Lactobacillus salivarius var salivarius, Lactobacillus ac-0-5 Bacophilus) are introduced into a litter with a humidity of 80-90% located in the lagoon of the house; 4.0%

Previously, bird droppings in the presence of a consortium of bacteria are fermented under natural conditions for 3-5 days.

Then this litter is moved to a trench and mixed with a moisture-absorbing material - solid-phase litter or peat. The resulting mixture at a temperature of 60-80 ° C is subjected to aerobic fermentation, aeration of the fermented litter is carried out using mechanical stirring, as well as using larvae of synanthropic flies. Fermentation is carried out for 6-8 days until the temperature of the fermentation mixture naturally drops to 25-30 ° C. After that, the liquid culture of the consortium of bacteria No. VKPM B-5972 is introduced a second time in an amount of 0.01-8.0% and stirred uniformly with the help of screws, fermentation is carried out for 2 days at a temperature of 20 ° C.

Examples 1-4 for the claimed object.

Example 1

Litter with a moisture content of 90% is mixed with a moisture-absorbing material, as the last litter litter with a humidity of 50% is used. The resulting mixture is introduced strains consortium Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 in an amount of 1 × 10 ⁸ cells in 1 ml per 1 ton of bird droppings by spraying the entire volume of the collar, and then aerobic fermentation of the mixture is carried out with stirring and in the absence of ultraviolet rays until the temperature of the fermentation mixture naturally drops to 25-35 ° С. The resulting organic fertilizer is packaged in a plastic container and stored. The resulting product can also be granulated, followed by drying.

Example 2

Litter with a moisture content of 96% is mixed with a moisture-absorbing material, sawdust is used as the last. A consortium of strains of Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 in the amount of 1 · 10 ⁸ cells in 1 ml per 1 ton of bird droppings by spraying the entire volume of the collar, and then aerobic fermentation of the mixture is carried out with stirring and in the absence of ultraviolet rays until the temperature of the fermentation mixture naturally drops to 25-35 ° С. The resulting organic fertilizer is packaged in a plastic container and stored. The resulting product can also be granulated, followed by drying.

Example 3

Litter with a moisture content of 96% is mixed with a moisture-absorbing material, peat is used as the latter. A consortium of strains of Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 in the amount of 1 · 10 ⁸ cells in 1 ml per 1 ton of bird droppings by spraying the entire volume of the collar, and then aerobic fermentation of the mixture is carried out with stirring and in the absence of ultraviolet rays until the temperature of the fermentation mixture naturally drops to 25-35 ° С. The resulting organic fertilizer is packaged in a plastic container and stored. The resulting product can also be granulated, followed by drying.

Example 4

A consortium of strains of Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 in an amount of 1 · 10 ⁹ contribute to the litter with a humidity of 90% cells in 1 ml per 1 ton of bird droppings by spraying them over the entire bulk of the collar, after which they are mixed with moisture-absorbing material, litter droppings with a humidity of 50% are used as the last, and then aerobic fermentation of the mixture is carried out with stirring and in the absence of ultraviolet rays until natural lowering the temperature of the fermentation mixture to 25-35 ° C. The resulting organic fertilizer is packaged in a plastic container and stored. The resulting product can be granulated, followed by drying.

The gray product thus obtained can be used as an effective bio-fertilizer.

The product has the following quality indicators,% (dry matter):

Table 1. The composition of macro- and microelements The composition of macronutrients Amount, % The composition of trace elements Amount mg / kg Organic matter 60.0-62 Manganese 300-350 Nitrogen 4.0-6.5 Sulfur 40.0-42.0 Phosphorus 1.8-4.5 Zinc 20.0-23.0 Potassium 1.5-3.0 Copper 3.0 Iron 0.1-0.2 Boron 4,5 Calcium 0.5-1.0 Cobalt 3.0-3.5 Magnesium 0.2-0.3 Molybdenum 0.05-0.07

The resulting product with the indicated characteristics can be used as an effective fertilizer.

In industrial conditions, as a result of pre-sowing the introduction of organic fertilizer by the present method, a significantly increased yield was obtained. Data on the results of the 2005 experiments on a number of crops are shown in table 2:

Table 2. According to example 1.
Luba spring wheat Application rate, t / ha Plant height, cm Productivity, t / ha Control (sowing seeds without applying organic fertilizer - 68.3 ± 1.1 30,03 Fertilizer according to the claimed facility 2 79.4 ± 0.8 41.8 3 94.5 ± 0.5 49.1 four 95.3 ± 0.8 50.7 5 96.3 ± 0.6 50,2

According to example 2.
Luba spring wheat Application rate, t / ha Plant height, cm Productivity, t / ha Control (sowing seeds without applying organic fertilizer - 55.8 ± 1.1 26.7 Fertilizer according to the claimed facility 2 59.4 ± 0.8 30.8 3 72.7 ± 0.5 37.1 four 75.1 ± 0.8 38.7 5 71.9 ± 0.6 39.0 For example 3. Buckwheat Kazan coarse grain Application rate, t / ha Plant height, cm Productivity, t / ha Control (sowing seeds without applying organic fertilizer - 53.3 ± 1.1 6.2 Fertilizer according to the claimed facility 2 59.4 ± 0.8 6.8 3 66.6 ± 0.5 7.1 four 67.1 ± 0.8 7.7 5 66.9 ± 0.6 7.9

According to example 4.
Rapeseed hannah Application rate, t / ha Plant height, cm Productivity, t / ha Control (sowing seeds without applying organic fertilizer - 52.3 ± 1.1 15,2 Fertilizer according to the claimed facility 2 59.4 ± 0.8 15.7 3 85.6 ± 0.5 16.7 four 86.1 ± 0.8 16.9 5 89.9 ± 0.6 17.0

According to example 1.
Potato Nevsky Application rate, t / ha Plant height, cm The number of tubers, pieces Productivity, t / ha Control (sowing seeds without applying organic fertilizer - 32.3 ± 1.1 8-10 92.2 Fertilizer according to the claimed facility 2 39.4 ± 1.8 8-10 95.7 3 45.6 ± 1.5 10-12 116.7 four 46.1 ± 1.8 10-12 125.9 5 49.9 ± 1.6 10-12 127.0

Based on the positive results, studies were conducted under industrial conditions with Luba spring wheat during the pre-sowing treatment of fields with an area of 750 hectares in the amount of 3-4 t / ha of organic fertilizer obtained from the claimed facility. The increase in wheat yield was 46% compared with the control field (without fertilizer).

In industrial conditions, when pre-sowing cultivation of fields of 550 hectares in the amount of 3-4 t / ha of organic fertilizer obtained by the claimed facility, the increase in the yield of Bios-1 barley was 27% compared with the control field.

In addition, fertilizer can be used as top dressing in the spring, summer and autumn, both when digging the soil and by irrigation.

When freezing and thawing, the fertilizer retains its properties, the shelf life is unlimited.

The strains that make up the consortium of microorganisms: Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441, see All-Union Collection of Microorganisms; Bacillus subtilis B-168, see Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms, State Reseach Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector".

The strains of the consortium are cultivated on a sterile nutrient medium required for each type of strain, and in the right amount. A consortium is prepared for industrial use from the microorganism strains indicated in equal proportions.

Fertilizer contains all the nutrients necessary for plants to stimulate their development, organic substances and microelements, ennobles the soil structure, increases its fertility for a long time (up to 3 years), increases the resistance of plants to bacterial and fungal diseases (late blight, scab, root rot, fusarium, etc. ), prevents soil acidification, optimizes moisture and water supply, eliminates the appearance of mold on the soil surface, does not cake, is not toxic, does not adversely affect skin contact -organisms.

Thus, the claimed method allows to obtain a cheaper high-performance fertilizer by reducing the cost of its processing by simplifying the process and reducing the consumption of a consortium of strains.

Claims (2)

1. A method of biological processing of bird droppings, comprising mixing bird droppings with moisture-absorbing material followed by aerobic fermentation in the presence of microorganisms while stirring until the temperature of the fermentation mixture naturally drops to 25-30 ° C, characterized in that a consortium of Bacillus subtilis B strains is used as the microorganism -168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strains of Bacillus subtilis B-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 are used in equal proportions and in the amount of 1 · 10 ⁸ -1 · 10 ⁹ cells in 1 ml per 1 ton of bird droppings.