RU2522523C1 - Method of microbiological treatment of poultry droppings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for microbiological treatment of poultry droppings is carried out using microbiological cultures diluted in water and introduced in poultry droppings. As the microbiological cultures the yeast strain Candida krusei-96 and food yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used in a ratio of 1:1 with a titre of 108 CFU/ml. The microbiological cultures are applied in the amount of 2 ml per ton of droppings once followed by layering of poultry droppings with the adding up to 20% moisture-absorbing material.

EFFECT: improved method.

2 cl, 2 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, ecology and biotechnology and can be used in the processing of organic waste from poultry enterprises.

The intensive development of poultry farming in Russia, of course, is associated with an increase in the number of livestock, however, the problem of litter utilization has not yet been solved and gives rise to a new range of problems caused by the formation of significant areas with an increased level of biohazard in the zones of poultry complexes.

Around poultry enterprises accumulate huge deposits of litter with a high content of environmentally hazardous components, in particular: heavy metals, pesticides, medications, pathogens of infectious and invasive diseases, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, phenol.

In this regard, the development of effective technologies for the disposal of organic waste from poultry farming is relevant for science and practice.

For economic indicators and environmental safety, biotechnological methods are preferable, based, in particular, on the microbial destruction of organic substances and the antagonistic effect on pathogenic microflora.

The prior art methods of microbiological processing of manure and litter. The solution of technical problems allows to accelerate the process of destruction of organic components and to obtain an environmentally friendly substrate.

A known method of biological processing of bird droppings is that a consortium of bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus bovis, Dactobacillus salivarius var salicinicus, Lactobacillus salivarius var salivarius, Lactobacillus 0.01philophilus acidophilus 59 -4.0%, the mixture is fermented under natural conditions, then a moisture-absorbing material is introduced into the fermented mixture, which can be used peat or solid-phase litter. The mixture is fermented at 60-80 ° C, with aeration and stirring in the presence of larvae of synanthropic flies until the temperature drops naturally to 25-30 ° C, then the above consortium is added in an amount of 0.01-8.0% and fermented again at ambient temperature Wednesday. The result is a product that can be used as fertilizer and feed additives.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of execution, multi-step process comprising, using larvae of synanthropic flies and microbial consortium consisting of five strains (Russian patent №2055823, IPC COSF _^11/08, C12P _^39/00, 1996 YG).

A known method of producing biocompost based on agricultural waste during aerobic-anaerobic fermentation, including the formation of a collar from predominantly litter bird droppings and manure of domestic animals, the introduction of a microbiological complex and other additives (Lactobacillus plantarum, 34, B 2118, Lactobacillus fermentum, 27, B 2431, Lactococcus lactis, pcs. АМС, В 3123, Bacillus cytaseus, 21/2 / AS, В 4441, Bacillus cereus, РХТУ BT-5, Bacillus subtillis, GL, В 8130, filtrate of an aqueous suspension containing 20-30% fresh horned manure livestock or horses, trace element complex, alkali solution), hydration, implementation of biological heating and periodic mixing composted mass (RF patent №2374211, IPC C05F _^3/00, 2009). The disadvantage of this method is the multicomponent nature of the substrate used to accelerate the fermentation of organic waste.

Also known is a method of biological processing of bird droppings, which involves mixing bird droppings with moisture-absorbing material, followed by aerobic fermentation of the mixture in the presence of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis A-168, Bacillus mycoides B-691, Bacillus mycoides B-46, Streptococcus thermophilus B-907, Candida tropicalis Y-1520, Candida utilis Y-2441 in equal proportions and with stirring until the temperature drops naturally to 25-30 ° C. A disadvantage of the process is a multi-component composition insertion consortium of microorganisms, which makes the process difficult to obtain microbial biomass on a large scale (RF patent №2322427, IPC COSF _^11/08, C12N _^1/20, 2006 YG).

The closest to the proposed method is microbiological treatment of poultry manure (RF patent №2437864, IPC COSF _^3/00, AO1C _^3/00, COSF _^11/08, 2011), which includes a phased (every 5 days) introducing microbial cultures Pseudomonas sp .114 and Azotobacter chroococcum with mixing of the substrate. The cultures are introduced into the substrate in a ratio of 2: 1, with a titer of 10 ⁸ cells / ml, in an amount of 45 ml / kg during the processing of bedding litter and 15 ml / kg of bedding. The advantage of this method is the acceleration of the bioconversion process with a simultaneous increase in the biological activity of the processed product and environmental safety.

The disadvantages of this method of processing bird droppings are: firstly, a two-stage introduction of microbial cultures with an interval of 5 days, requiring additional costs for attracting equipment, fuel, workers; secondly, this method involves the introduction of a large volume of microbial biomass per ton of litter 15-45 l, which is very expensive. And if we take into account that the annual volume of litter from one poultry farm is 40-50 thousand tons, then introducing a large volume of microbial biomass is economically unprofitable.

Currently, despite the wide range of biological products used for the disposal of various organic raw materials, the search for effective strains of microorganisms-destructors continues to be an urgent task. In our opinion, it is theoretically preferable to use yeast microorganisms for processing organic waste from animal husbandry and poultry farming, most of which are environmentally friendly, non-pathogenic, not demanding on growth conditions, able to survive in extreme conditions, and have destructive properties with respect to organic raw materials.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is to simplify the process, reduce the consumption of introduced microbial crops, reduce the cost of processing the droppings to obtain an environmentally friendly substrate that positively affects the agrochemical and biological properties of the soil and increases the yield of crops.

To achieve the named technical result in the proposed method of microbiological processing of bird droppings using microbiological cultures diluted in water (depending on the humidity of the initial substrate from 10 to 1000 or more times) and introduced into bird droppings; Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains are used as microbial cultures in a ratio of 1: 1 with a titer of 10 ⁸ CFU / ml, introduced in the amount of 2 ml per ton of litter, which is laid in layers, with the addition of moisture-absorbing material; the introduction of microbial cultures is carried out once. As a moisture-absorbing material, straw or sawdust is used.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the use as microbiological cultures of Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with destructive properties in relation to organic raw materials.

The strain Candida krusei-96 was isolated from anthropogenically contaminated soil cover. Characterization of the strain has not been previously published. The strain was not used for other purposes.

Candida krusei-96 is not picky about growth factors, grows at a temperature of 4-40 ° C, pH 2-10, in the presence of 10% NaCl.

Candida krusei-96 has the following morphological and physiological characteristics.

Morphology. Rounded yeast cells, sizes: 4.0 ± 0.17 μm and 5.0 ± 0.3 μm. In smears, the cells are individually isolated or in clusters in the form of chains.

Cultural signs. On wort agar, cell growth is characterized by the formation of small (1 mm), round, cloudy, cream-colored, with smooth edges and a viscous consistency of colonies. When grown on a liquid nutrient medium (BCH, Saburo broth) they cause turbidity with the formation of a mucous membrane and flakes that break when shaken.

Physiological signs. Aerob, optimal growth conditions at a temperature of 35-37 ° C and a pH of 4.8-5.0.

Biochemical properties. It ferments maltose to form acid and gas. With the formation of only acid, it breaks down glucose, sucrose, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcite, lactose.

It has catalase, urease, amylolytic, cellulolytic, proteolytic, lipase activity, does not form indole, hydrogen sulfide.

Candida krusei-96 is not pathogenic, does not show phytotoxic properties.

The strain is deposited in the All-Russian state collection of strains of microorganisms used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry (Candida krusei-96 - VGNKI 04.05.18.-DEPT).

Saccharomyces cerevisiae - food yeast (baked pressed yeast produced by the Buinsky sugar factory in accordance with GOST 171-81.

The method is as follows. Poultry manure is laid in layers on a solid, flat platform or sump to a height of 1-1.5 m with the addition of up to 20% moisture-absorbing material (straw or sawdust) and each layer is watered with an aqueous solution containing a mixture of Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae microorganisms in the ratio 1: 1 at the rate of 2 ml per ton of bird droppings once and left in the air for 20 days. Processing is carried out in the summer from May to October.

The microorganisms that make up the mixture effectively decompose bird droppings and turn it into a high-quality, environmentally friendly, organic fertilizer with high nutritional properties.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. The development of optimal doses of microorganisms.

The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions on fresh bird droppings.

The experimental design included the application of microorganisms Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different concentrations, with a content of 1 ml 10 ⁸ mic. class:

- Control (microorganisms did not contribute);

- Experience No. 1 - the introduction of microorganisms in a dose of 0.01 ml / kg;

- Experience No. 2 - the introduction of microorganisms in a dose of 0.02 ml / kg;

- Experience No. 3 - the introduction of microorganisms in a dose of 0.03 ml / kg;

- Experience No. 4 - the introduction of microorganisms in a dose of 0.04 ml / kg Before adding the culture fluid was diluted with pure non-chlorinated water (1: 100).

Table 1 - Microbiological indicators of bird droppings when using various doses of the microorganisms Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Indicator Sample The control Experience No. 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 E. coli bacteria, cells / g More than 1,000,000 More than 1000 Less than 10 Less than 10 Less than 10 Enterococci, cells / g More than 100,000 More than 100 Less than 10 Less than 10 Less than 10 Salmonella, CFU / g 3.8 ± 0.15 × 10 ⁴ 0.6 ± 0.01 × 10 ² - - - Staphylococci, CFU / g 1.8 ± 0.3 × 10 ³ - - - - Oocysts Eimeria Availability Availability - - -

Microbiological and coprological studies of sample No. 1 (a variant of the experiment with the introduction of microorganisms in an amount of 0.01 ml / kg), analyzed on the 20th day of the experiment, revealed more than 1000 bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, more than 100 enterococci, Salmonella and Eimeria oocysts. The use of a dose of 0.02-0.04 ml / kg significantly reduced the level of microbial contamination of the substrate.

Thus, in model experiments, the most optimal dose was selected - 0.02 ml / kg (table 1).

The use of these microorganisms made it possible to neutralize the substrate from pathogenic microflora, Eimeria oocysts, and significantly reduce the number of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group and enterococci (table 2).

Table 2 - Microbiological indicators of bird droppings using a consortium of microorganisms Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Indicator Study time, days Before experience 5 10 fifteen twenty E. coli bacteria, cells / g More than 1,000,000 More than 1000 More than 100 one hundred less than 10 Enterococci, cells / g More than 100,000 More than 100 one hundred 10 less than 10 Salmonella, CFU / g 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10 ⁴ 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10 ² 2.1 ± 0.4 - - Staphylococci, CFU / g 1.3 ± 0.1 × 10 ³ 1.2 ± 0.1 × 10 - - - Oocysts Eimeria Availability Availability - - -

Example 2. The study of the effectiveness of the consortium of microorganisms for the disposal and disposal of bird droppings.

The experiments were conducted in the conditions of the poultry farm of the Republic of Tatarstan. On an open area with the help of tractors, collapses of fresh, non-litter bird droppings were formed, with a humidity of 72.6% (height 1-1.5 m). The total volume of the stored substrate is about 100 tons. As a moisture-absorbing material, straw was laid in up to 20% layers.

A mixture of microorganisms Candida krusei-96 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a ratio of 1: 1 with a titer of 10 ⁸ KOE / ml, diluted in pure non-chlorinated water (1: 1000), at a rate of 2 ml per ton of substrate, was evenly introduced into the test collar. For uniform application of microorganisms, a fire truck was used. Microorganisms were not added to the control collar.

The moisture content of the initial substrate was 72.6%, the mass fraction of organic matter in terms of carbon 36.0%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium - 5.23; 3.69; 2.31%.

On the 20th day of the experiment, the index of sanitary indicative microorganisms (BGKP, enterococci) was less than 10 cells / g; pathogenic microorganisms, microscopic fungi, eggs and helminth larvae, protozoa oocysts were not detected (if present in the initial substrate). The mass concentration of toxic element impurities in the selected samples of the treated litter did not exceed the estimated allowable levels (TAC) of chemicals in the soil (30 mg / kg lead, 0.5 mg / kg cadmium, 33.0 mg / kg copper, 55.0 mg / kg of zinc).

The treated substrate was a crumbly mass of dark color without a specific unpleasant odor.

In the control (untreated) sample were found: more than 100,000 CFU / g of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, more than 10,000 CFU / g of enterococci, microscopic fungi, Eimeria oocysts.

The mass fraction of organic matter of processed bird droppings in terms of carbon amounted to 35.7%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium - 4.9, 3.6 and 2.3%. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the untreated substrate was 3.7, 3.2 and 1.9%, respectively.

Example 3. The study of the effectiveness of the use of a consortium of microorganisms for the disposal and disposal of bird droppings.

The experiments were conducted in the conditions of the poultry farm of the Republic of Tatarstan. A litter was laid on a firm, level ground to a height of 1.0-1.5 m, adding sawdust as a moisture-absorbing material up to 20% layers, and each layer was watered with an aqueous solution containing a mixture of these microorganism strains (1: 1) at a rate of 2 ml per 1 ton of substrate.

The total volume of the stored substrate is about 100 tons.

The substrate selected for 20 days according to microbiological, toxicological, physicochemical parameters is suitable for use as an organic fertilizer.

Example 4. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the effect of the obtained fertilizer on the agrochemical properties of the soil.

The experiments were carried out in the field on a gray forest medium loamy soil. For comparison, we used manure without introducing microorganisms (20 t / ha) and mineral fertilizer N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₇₅ , with an equivalent nutrient content. The resulting biofertilizer was introduced at doses of 3, 6, and 9 t / ha.

Under the influence of fertilizer, there was a positive trend in improving the nutritional regime (the content of mobile phosphorus increased by 16.3%, metabolic potassium by 22.5%), the physicochemical properties of soils (a decrease in hydrolytic acidity by 24.2%; metabolic acidity by 2, 7%; increase in the degree of saturation of the soil with bases by 23.1%).

In its effect on these agrochemical parameters of the soil, the application of the fertilizer obtained is identical to the use of 6 times more manure without the use of microorganisms and 2 times of mineral fertilizer.

Example 5. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the fertilizer to enhance the activity of soil microflora.

The experimental conditions are identical to those described in the previous example.

In the field on gray forest medium loamy soil, the activity of soil microflora was revealed upon application of bird droppings processed using a consortium of yeast microorganisms.

The introduction of fertilizer markedly activated the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms, ammonifiers, nitrifying agents. Under the influence of fertilizer, the number of microorganisms involved in the conversion of carbon- and nitrogen-containing compounds increased. The number of nitrifying agents increased by 96.4% compared with the initial values. An increase in the number of cellulose-destroying bacteria by 85.6% (P <0.001) was noted. The mineralization of organic matter was also accelerated, as indicated by an increase in the number of ammonifiers that absorb mineral sources of nitrogen and its organic forms (the number of ammonifiers increased by 3.1 times).

Example 6. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the obtained fertilizer on grain yield in the rotation link

The experimental conditions are identical to those described in the previous example.

From the action and aftereffect of fertilizer obtained using a consortium of yeast microorganisms in doses of 3, 6 and 9 t / ha for 4 years, the total yield increase of the studied crops in the rotation link: spring wheat, annual grasses, barley and oats amounted to 11, 7, 19, respectively , 1 and 26.9 kg / ha of grain units.

The introduction of cattle manure at a dose of 20 t / ha contributed during this period to a yield increase of 17.5 kg / ha of grain units, which corresponds to approximately the yield increase obtained from the application of 6 t / ha of fertilizer obtained by the proposed method.

Thus, the proposed method of microbiological processing of bird droppings allows you to simplify and reduce the cost of the processing of bird droppings and get environmentally friendly organic fertilizer. The application of the obtained fertilizer to the soil positively affects its agrochemical properties, and the yield increases by 20-30%. In the soil, the content of mobile phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), exchange potassium (K ₂ O) increases, the value of hydrolytic and exchange acidity decreases, and the degree of saturation of its bases increases.

It is planned to introduce this method at poultry farms of the Republic of Tatarstan in the 2nd quarter of 2013.

Claims (2)

1. The method of microbiological processing of bird droppings using microbiological cultures diluted in water and introduced into bird droppings, characterized in that as a microbial culture using a strain of yeast Candida krusei-96 and food yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a ratio of 1: 1 with a titer of 10 ⁸ KOE / ml, moreover, microbial cultures are applied in an amount of 2 ml per ton once, followed by layering of bird droppings with the addition of up to 20% moisture-absorbing material. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that straw or sawdust is used as the moisture-absorbing material.