CN108623344A - A kind of organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108623344A CN108623344A CN201810936518.4A CN201810936518A CN108623344A CN 108623344 A CN108623344 A CN 108623344A CN 201810936518 A CN201810936518 A CN 201810936518A CN 108623344 A CN108623344 A CN 108623344A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the preparing technical fields of organic fertilizer, specifically disclose a kind of organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application.Organic fertilizer provided by the invention and preparation method, by grape branch by way of composite biological inoculum and fermenting twice, carpopodium, sludge in skin slag and grape wine factory's waste water carries out Composting treatment, obtain organic fertilizer, solves branch, problem of environmental pollution caused by sludge the like waste, realize efficiently using for waste, and the organic fertilizer prepared can increase the organic matter of soil, improve the physicochemical property of soil, the organic fertilizer being particularly suitable for use as in wine-growing, minimizing is realized to grape Cyclic Economy, recycling, recycling has great importance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparing technical fields of organic fertilizer more particularly to a kind of organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
China is agricultural production big country, as society is to the pay attention to day by day of environmental protection and the rapid development of the ecological agriculture,
And demand of the consumer to green organic food rises year by year, the use of biological organic fertilizer etc. " green fertilizer " is concerned,
It is researched and developed to use and will also push emerging " pollution-free industry ".
In recent years, as the rapid development of China's wine industry, the cultivated area of vinifera continue to increase, autumn repaiies
The carpopodium generated after the grape branch and raw material destemming that shear off are broken and the skin slag generated after vinifera fermentation, wine mud etc.
Reason problem is increasingly prominent, how rationally to utilize a large amount of waste materials, waste residue, is the common problem that liquor industry must face.Grape is repaiied
Rich in abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the branch and carpopodium that shear off, skin slag, abundant biomass energy (carbon source) and plant life
Trace element necessary to long development, traditional processing mode thrown aside not only pollute environment, seriously threaten public safety, but also
Waste the multiple nutritional components in grape waste material, waste residue.Currently, both at home and abroad to grape branch, carpopodium application technology as the second resource
Numerous studies, such as fermentation feed processed, second distillation have been carried out, essential oil, crude fibre, dietary fiber in branch, skin slag are extracted
Equal useful components are used for pharmacy etc. as raw material, but these technical costs are higher and complex process.So current domestic grape
Branch still with centralized burning, throw aside based on, seriously increase enterprise and environmental pressure.Grape branch, fruit are discarded in harmless treatment
The sludge etc. that stalk, skin slag and wine brewing generate, for preserving the ecological environment and the sustainable development of vinifera industry has weight
Want meaning.
Invention content
It cannot be effectively treated for the sludge that grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and wine brewing generate is discarded in the prior art
The problem of, the present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method, application.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer include the raw material of following parts by weight：55-65 parts of grape branch, Grape stems
25-35 parts, 30-40 parts of grape skin, 1-2 parts of 30-35 parts of sludge and composite bacteria agent；The sludge is grape wine factory's sewage
The sludge through dehydration of processing system secondary settling tank discharge.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the sludge co composting that grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and wine brewing are generated in the process, can not only solve
The problems such as environmental pollution, fire, also achieves waste, waste residue recycles.
2. being far above livestock and poultry containing the nutriments such as more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, content in the air-dried sludge of grape wine factory's waste water
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the higher sludge of potassium content, feces of livestock and poultry and the lower grape branch of content, carpopodium and slag crust are combined heap by excrement
Extensive use of chemical fertilizer not only compensates for the problem of phosphorus content deficiency in grape branch, carpopodium and slag crust, can also reduce nitrogen loss, improves heap
The content of microorganism, improves compost quality during fertilizer, accelerates Composting process.
3. the waste water composition of grape wine factory is relatively simple, the content of beary metal in wastewater sludge is relatively low, using with grape branch
Sludge in item, carpopodium, skin slag and grape wine factory's waste water is the organic fertilizer of primary raw material, heavy metal will not be caused in soil and plant
It is enriched in object.
4. dosage is small, to reach same fertilization effect, dosage can be greatly reduced using the present invention, it is about presently commercially available
The half of organic fertilizer or so.
Preferably, the granularity of the grape branch and the Grape stems is 5-10mm.
It is 5-10mm that grape branch and carpopodium, which are crushed, it is ensured that enough free air gaps, so that gas circulates
With acceleration biochemical reaction process.It if pulverized particles are too small, may easily lump, influence oxygen circulation, and then anaerobism is caused to be exhaled
It inhales and occurs, while also increasing the cost for crushing raw material.
Preferably, the composite bacteria agent include 10-20 hundred million/gram saccharomycete, 10-15 hundred million/gram gemma bar
Bacterium, 5-8 hundred million/gram actinomyces, 8-12 hundred million/gram soft-rot fungi, 5-8 hundred million/gram whiterot fungi and 15-20 hundred million/gram aspergillus niger, with
Upper strain content is the content of effective viable bacteria.
Preferably, the bacillus is bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the actinomyces are streptomycete.
Preferably, the actinomyces are streptomycete.
Preferred bacterium and fungi combination, the various composition of can effectively degrade grape branch, carpopodium, slag crust and sludge,
Composting efficiency is improved while realizing harmless treatment to greatest extent.
Preferably, the moisture of the sludge is 60-80%.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of organic fertilizer, include the following steps：
Step 1: weighing each component according to said ratio, it is uniformly mixed, obtains mixing material, life is added into the mixing material
Lime, the pH for adjusting the mixing material is 7.0-7.5, and moisture content 60-70% obtains primary material；
It is in strip heap fermentation Step 2: the primary material heap is put, obtains primary organic fertilizer；
Step 3: the feces of livestock and poultry of the 20-60wt% of the mixing material is added into the primary organic fertilizer, mixing, into
Row compost maturity is dried to moisture for 20% hereinafter, obtaining the organic fertilizer.
By controlling the mode of the various technological parameters in composting process, selection composite biological inoculum and fermenting twice,
Be conducive to the various composition fully degraded in grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and sludge, fully absorbed for plant, improves fermentation effect
Rate shortens the decomposed time.
Preferably, in step 2, the temperature of the fermentation is 35-45 DEG C, and fermentation time is 3-5 days.
Preferred fermentation temperature and fermentation time can be by the fibres difficult to degrade in grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and sludge
The substances fully degradeds such as element are tieed up, the compost time in later stage is shortened.
Preferably, in step 2, the trapezoidal shape of section of the bar stack.
Preferably, in step 3, the detailed process of the compost maturity is：Turnings are carried out when compost temperature rises to 60 DEG C,
It is 50-60 DEG C to control heap temperature, and turning 4-6 times forms decomposed organic fertilizer until heap temperature is 20-30 DEG C.
Preferred curing of compost process can improve composting efficiency.
The present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned organic fertilizer in wine-growing.
Containing needed for a large amount of grape growths in the sludge that grape branch, carpopodium, slag crust and wine production process generate
Nutriment can provide life for grape using using grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and sludge as the organic fertilizer of primary raw material
Long required protein and various trace elements are conducive to grape and absorb nutrition, significantly improve the content of organic matter of soil, and not
Heavy metal can be caused to be accumulated in vineyard soil, grapevine seedling and grape juice, the dominant growth of grape is realized, not only can guarantee
Growth vigor, moreover it is possible to improve the yield of grape and the quality of grape.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
55 parts of grape branch, 35 parts of Grape stems, 30 parts of grape skin, grape wine factory's sewage disposal system secondary settling tank discharge
33 parts and 1 part of the sludge through dehydration composite bacteria agent.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer includes the following steps：
Step 1: weighing each component according to above-mentioned design proportioning, it is 5mm that grape branch, carpopodium, which are crushed, by each component
It is uniformly mixed, obtains mixing material, quick lime is added in 7.8kg/ tons of ratio into the mixing material, adjusts the pH of the mixing material
It is 7.0, moisture content 70% obtains primary material；
It is in strip heap Step 2: the primary material heap is put, the section of bar stack is trapezoidal, covers straw screen or mat, is sent out at 35 DEG C
Ferment 5 days, obtains primary organic fertilizer；
Step 3: the feces of livestock and poultry of the 20wt% of the mixing material is added into the primary organic fertilizer, mixing carries out heap
Fertilizer is decomposed, and turning, turning 4 times are carried out when heap temperature rises to 60 DEG C, and control heap temperature is 50 DEG C；Stablize to heap temperature
At 25 DEG C, decomposed organic fertilizer is formed, decomposed organic fertilizer is spread out, it is 18% to dry to moisture, is obtained described organic
Fertilizer.
Wherein, the composite bacteria agent include 1,200,000,000/gram saccharomycete, 1,300,000,000/gram bacillus, 800,000,000/gram put
Line bacterium, 800,000,000/gram soft-rot fungi, 600,000,000/gram whiterot fungi and 1,800,000,000/gram aspergillus niger, the above strain be effective viable bacteria.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
60 parts of grape branch, 25 parts of Grape stems, 40 parts of grape skin, grape wine factory's sewage disposal system secondary settling tank discharge
30 parts and 2 parts of the sludge through dehydration composite bacteria agent.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer includes the following steps：
Step 1: weighing each component according to above-mentioned design proportioning, it is 5mm that grape branch, carpopodium, which are crushed, by each component
It is uniformly mixed, obtains mixing material, quick lime is added in 7kg/ tons of ratio into the mixing material, the pH for adjusting the mixing material is
7.5, moisture content 60% obtains primary material；
It is in strip heap Step 2: the primary material heap is put, the section of bar stack is trapezoidal, covers straw screen or mat, is sent out at 40 DEG C
Ferment 4 days, obtains primary organic fertilizer；
Step 3: the feces of livestock and poultry of the 40wt% of the mixing material is added into the primary organic fertilizer, mixing carries out heap
Fertilizer is decomposed, and turning, turning 5 times are carried out when heap temperature rises to 60 DEG C, and control heap temperature is 60 DEG C；Stablize to heap temperature
At 20 DEG C, decomposed organic fertilizer is formed, decomposed organic fertilizer is spread out, it is 15% to dry to moisture, is obtained described organic
Fertilizer.
Wherein, the composite biological inoculum include 1,500,000,000/gram saccharomycete, 1,500,000,000/gram bacillus, 700,000,000/gram put
Line bacterium, 1,000,000,000/gram soft-rot fungi, 500,000,000/gram whiterot fungi and 1,500,000,000/gram aspergillus niger, the above strain be effective viable bacteria.
Embodiment 3
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
65 parts of grape branch, 30 parts of Grape stems, 35 parts of grape skin, grape wine factory's sewage disposal system secondary settling tank discharge
35 parts and 2 parts of the sludge through dehydration composite bacteria agent.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer includes the following steps：
Step 1: weighing each component according to above-mentioned design proportioning, it is 5mm that grape branch, carpopodium, which are crushed, by each component
It is uniformly mixed, obtains mixing material, quick lime is added in 6.2kg/ tons of ratio to the mixing material, the pH for adjusting the mixing material is
7.2, moisture content 65% obtains primary material；
It is in strip heap Step 2: the primary material heap is put, the section of bar stack is trapezoidal, covers straw screen or mat, is sent out at 45 DEG C
Ferment 3 days, obtains primary organic fertilizer；
Step 3: the feces of livestock and poultry of the 60wt% of the mixing material is added into the primary organic fertilizer, mixing carries out heap
Fertilizer is decomposed, and turning, turning 6 times are carried out when heap temperature rises to 60 DEG C, and control heap temperature is 55 DEG C；Stablize to heap temperature
At 30 DEG C, decomposed organic fertilizer is formed, decomposed organic fertilizer is spread out, it is 17% to dry to moisture, the organic fertilizer.
Wherein, the composite biological inoculum include 1,000,000,000/gram saccharomycete, 1,000,000,000/gram bacillus, 500,000,000/gram put
Line bacterium, 1,200,000,000/gram soft-rot fungi, 800,000,000/gram whiterot fungi and 2,000,000,000/gram aspergillus niger, the above strain be effective viable bacteria.
In embodiment 1-3, one kind in chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, cow dung, silkworm faeces, sheep manure and goose excrement of feces of livestock and poultry or
It is several can, it is above-mentioned one or more animal wastes in above-mentioned formula, can achieve the goal and to organic fertilizer fertility
It influences within the acceptable range.
According to《Organic fertilizer standard (NY884-2012)》Relevant regulations organic fertilizer that embodiment 1-3 is obtained into
Row detection, the results are shown in Table 1.
The quality testing of organic fertilizer prepared by 1 embodiment 1-3 of table
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 as different from Example 1 fermentation raw material be selected as citrus branch, pericarp and common municipal it is dirty
Organic fertilizer is made according to the preparation method of embodiment 1 in mud.
In order to test the improved effect of Organic Manure on Soil provided by the invention, by wine-growing carry out N P and K
Composite fertilizer, common organic fertilizer and fertilizer of the present invention contrast test.
Wherein nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer experimental plot is 5 mu, and apply fertilizer 60kg per acre, and mid-November harvests, per mu yield 1758kg, harvest
When wine-growing dried up, also without other weeds, illustrate soil already without fertilizer efficiency, and detect that soil is hardened.
Wherein comparative example organic fertilizer experimental plot is 5 mu, and apply fertilizer 900kg per acre, and mid-November harvests, per mu yield 1963kg, is received
It has dried up to wine-growing when obtaining, has there is fragmentary weeds in field, illustrated soil without fertilizer efficiency, but detect that soil does not have plate
Knot.
The organic fertilizer experimental plot that wherein prepared by the embodiment of the present invention is 5 mu, and apply fertilizer 400kg per acre, and mid-November harvests, mu
2867kg is produced, has been dried up to wine-growing when harvest, but still there are a small amount of weeds growing in field, illustrates that soil still also has fertilizer
Effect, fertilizer efficiency is up to 6 months, and detects that soil is not hardened.
Prepared by the present invention can prevent soil using grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and sludge as the organic fertilizer of primary raw material
It is hardened, the yield of grape is improved, while compared with the organic fertilizer prepared in application nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and comparative example 1, grape
Sugar content improves 0.8-1.1%.
In conclusion organic fertilizer provided by the invention and preparation method, pass through composite biological inoculum and fermenting twice
Sludge in grape branch, carpopodium, skin slag and grape wine factory's waste water is carried out Composting treatment by mode, obtains organic fertilizer, is solved
Problem of environmental pollution caused by branch, sludge the like waste, realizes efficiently using for waste, and the organic fertilizer prepared can be with
The organic matter for increasing soil, improves the physicochemical property of soil, the organic fertilizer being particularly suitable for use as in wine-growing, to grape
Cyclic Economy realizes that minimizing, recycling, recycling have great importance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of organic fertilizer, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer includes the raw material of following parts by weight：55-65 parts of grape branch,
1-2 parts of 25-35 parts of Grape stems, 30-40 parts of grape skin, 30-35 parts of sludge and composite bacteria agent；The sludge is grape
The sludge through dehydration of brewery's sewage disposal system secondary settling tank discharge.
2. organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the granularity of the grape branch and the Grape stems is 5-
10mm。
3. organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the composite bacteria agent include 10-20 hundred million/gram
Saccharomycete, 10-15 hundred million/gram bacillus, 5-8 hundred million/gram actinomyces, 8-12 hundred million/gram soft-rot fungi, 5-8 hundred million/gram white rot
Bacterium and 15-20 hundred million/gram aspergillus niger.
4. organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the bacillus is bacillus subtilis；And/or
The actinomyces are streptomycete；And/or
The actinomyces are streptomycete.
5. organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the moisture of the sludge is 60-80%.
6. the preparation method of claim 1-5 any one of them organic fertilizers, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1: weighing each component, it is uniformly mixed, obtains mixing material, quick lime is added into the mixing material, adjusts the mixing
The pH of material is 7.0-7.5, and moisture content 60-70% obtains primary material；
It is in strip heap fermentation Step 2: the primary material heap is put, obtains primary organic fertilizer；
Step 3: the feces of livestock and poultry of the 20-60wt% of the mixing material is added into the primary organic fertilizer, mixing carries out heap
Fertilizer is decomposed, dries to moisture for 20% hereinafter, obtaining the organic fertilizer.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step 2, the temperature of the fermentation is 35-45 DEG C,
Fermentation time is 3-5 days.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step 2, the trapezoidal shape of section of the bar stack.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that in step 3, the detailed process of the compost maturity is：
When compost temperature rises to 60 DEG C of progress turnings, control heap temperature is 50-60 DEG C, turning 4-6 times, until heap temperature is 20-30
DEG C, form decomposed organic fertilizer.
10. application of the claim 1-5 any one of them organic fertilizers in wine-growing.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110818462A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-02-21 | 永康市能源办公室 | Preparation method of grape straw organic fertilizer |
| CN111186917A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-22 | 泸州品创科技有限公司 | Method for treating residues of brewing wastewater by using microbial agent |
| CN112479781A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-03-12 | 大理金业肥料生产有限责任公司 | Organic fertilizer based on grape branches and leaves and preparation method thereof |
| CN114031431A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-02-11 | 燕山大学 | Humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and method and application thereof |
| CN114685224A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-01 | 成都工业学院 | Method for preparing soil conditioner by utilizing wine lees and activated sludge of red wine brewing process |
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| CN106332729A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-18 | 郴州金辉福地农业有限公司 | High-yield cultivation method for double cropping of grape every year |
| CN106365889A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-01 | 广西中天领御酒业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer for planting vitis heyneana |
| CN106396783A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-02-15 | 通化师范学院 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from grape peel pomace |
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2018
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1426053A (en) * | 1959-01-29 | 1966-01-28 | Product obtained from vinification and distillation-manufacturing marcs | |
| CN105585365A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-05-18 | 四川沃达丰生物科技有限公司 | Microorganism organic fertilizer prepared from sludge and preparing method thereof |
| CN106396783A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-02-15 | 通化师范学院 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from grape peel pomace |
| CN106365889A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-01 | 广西中天领御酒业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer for planting vitis heyneana |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110818462A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-02-21 | 永康市能源办公室 | Preparation method of grape straw organic fertilizer |
| CN111186917A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-22 | 泸州品创科技有限公司 | Method for treating residues of brewing wastewater by using microbial agent |
| CN112479781A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-03-12 | 大理金业肥料生产有限责任公司 | Organic fertilizer based on grape branches and leaves and preparation method thereof |
| CN114031431A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-02-11 | 燕山大学 | Humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and method and application thereof |
| CN114685224A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-01 | 成都工业学院 | Method for preparing soil conditioner by utilizing wine lees and activated sludge of red wine brewing process |
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