CN114451253A - Method for preparing golden camellia sowing and seedling raising substrate - Google Patents
Method for preparing golden camellia sowing and seedling raising substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114451253A CN114451253A CN202210043112.XA CN202210043112A CN114451253A CN 114451253 A CN114451253 A CN 114451253A CN 202210043112 A CN202210043112 A CN 202210043112A CN 114451253 A CN114451253 A CN 114451253A
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- peat
- sphagnum
- soil
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- alpinum
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- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 241001328788 Camellia nitidissima Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209507 Camellia Species 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013494 PH determination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000000 soil microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a golden camellia seeding and seedling raising matrix, which comprises the steps of collecting sphagnum alpinum peat, draining to water content of 15-30%, adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens with different dosages, uniformly mixing, respectively stacking, and performing fermentation improvement. Labeled CK (control), A, B, C, D, E, respectively. After fermenting for 25 days, sampling and detecting pH value, total potassium, quick-acting potassium, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus, organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. And (3) filling the improved sphagnum alpinum peat into a 50-hole tray, sowing rare plants, and measuring the germination rate of seeds. According to the measured indexes, the germination rate of the seeds after the alpine sphagnum peat, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bio-organic fertilizer are mixed and improved is 96% or more, and the effect is optimal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling substrate, in particular to a configuration of a golden camellia seeding and seedling substrate.
Background
The substrate is a key factor for determining the seedling quality and even the success or failure of seedling in the seeding and seedling culture of rare plants. The medium with good physical and chemical properties can provide stable growth media such as water, air, fertilizer and the like for the seedlings, thereby promoting the root development of the seedlings and the healthy growth of overground parts. Therefore, the rare plant is sown by selecting a good substrate, the germination rate of the seeds and the survival rate of the nursery stock can be improved, and the method has important significance for protecting the rare plant.
At present, the plant seeding medium mainly comprises imported peat, perlite, vermiculite, rice hull, wood chips, garden soil, sand and the like and a mixture thereof. The substrates have the defects of relatively high cost, low organic matter content, over-acid or over-alkali pH value, poor permeability, easy hardening, no slow release, low microorganism content and the like. The invention overcomes the defects of the existing sowing and seedling raising matrix and provides a new idea and a new method for preparing the golden camellia sowing and seedling raising matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention collects sphagnum alpinum peat, after the sphagnum alpinum peat is drained to the water content of 15-30%, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens with different dosages are added for fermentation improvement. After fermenting for 25 days, sampling and measuring the pH value, total potassium, quick-acting potassium, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus, organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes of the peat soil. And (3) filling the improved sphagnum alpinum peat into a 50-hole tray, selecting excellent golden camellia (national first-grade protective plant) seeds for sowing, and measuring the germination rate of the seeds.
Sphagnum peat is collected from the regions of high and medium mountain areas, such as Hubei Wufeng hillock, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Cutting off the grass root layer by a straight cutter in a square of 50cm multiplied by 50cm, and removing the grass root layer. Cutting according to the depth of peat layer, inserting fixing plate into the bottom, and packaging the cut peat into prepared packaging bag (the packaging bag has water permeability). And stacking the bagged peat soil on a grid frame to naturally drain water, wherein the water is drained to a water content of 15-30% for later use.
A method for preparing a golden camellia seeding and seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
the golden camellia seeding and seedling raising substrate is obtained by adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens into the sphagnum peat and fermenting.
0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and 0.8-1.5 parts of alpine sphagnum peat.
The sphagnum alpinum peat is used for collecting 40-50% of soil layers with the thickness of more than 10cm and collecting 50-60% of soil layers with the thickness of 10-20 cm.
The water content of the sphagnum alpinum peat is controlled to be 15-30%.
The advantage of the invention is that the rare plant seeding and seedling substrate is prepared
The configuration method is simple and easy to implement and low in cost.
The improved high mountain peat soil has the advantages of good permeability, pH value of 5.8-6.5, high organic matter content, high fertilizer efficiency, strong slow release, high microorganism content and the like, and provides favorable conditions for the germination and growth of rare plant camellia nitidissima seeds.
The substrate prepared by the method is adopted for seeding and seedling raising, the germination rate of the seeds is high, the root system of the seedlings is developed, the seedlings grow strongly, the quality is good, and the survival rate is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the pH value of the modified high mountain peat soil.
Detailed Description
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were prepared into different modifiers according to Table 1, mixed with 1200g of sphagnum alpinum peat with a water content of 15-30%, stacked, sealed with plastic films, and labeled CK (control group), A (example 1), B (example 2), C (example 3), D (example 4) and E (example 5). After fermenting for 25 days, sampling and measuring the pH value, total potassium, quick-acting potassium, total phosphorus, quick-acting phosphorus, organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes of the improved sphagnum alpinum peat.
TABLE 1 compounding ratio of the improving agent
The water content of the sphagnum alpinum peat is 15-30%, respectively collecting 200g of improved soil layers of 0-10cm and 10-20cm of the sphagnum alpinum peat, collecting for 3 times at different positions to obtain the total mass, and uniformly mixing.
The organic fertilizer described in table 1 is a chicken manure decomposed organic fertilizer produced by gold fertilizer industry ltd.
Matrix detection
Determination of pH: refer to the measurement of soil pH of NY/T1377-2007.
Determination of organic carbon: reference is made to the method for determining combustion oxidation-titration of organic carbon in soils of HJ 658 and 2013.
Determination of total potassium (TK): reference is made to NY/T87-1988 soil total potassium assay.
Determination of effective potassium (AK): and (4) determining the contents of the quick-acting potassium and the slow-acting potassium in NY/T889-2004 soil.
Total Phosphorus (TP) assay: reference is made to GB/T9837-1988 soil total phosphorus assay.
Available Phosphorus (AP) assay: reference to NY/T1121.7-2014 soil test section 7: and (4) measuring available phosphorus of the soil.
Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen (A-N): and (3) referring to HJ 634 + 2012 soil ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen determination potassium chloride solution extraction-spectrophotometry.
Determination of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes: and respectively measuring the total bacterial colonies, the total fungal colonies and the total actinomycetes in the peat soil by adopting a plate counting method and using a beef extract peptone culture medium, a Bengal culture medium and a Gao's first culture medium.
The condition of the pH value of the improved high mountain peat soil
The pH value of the soil directly influences the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, and both peracid and over-alkali are adverse to the growth and development of plants, and the pH value is about 6-7 under the condition of slight acid, so that the effectiveness of the nutrients in the soil is optimal. The high mountain sphagnum peat adopted by the technology is collected in high and high mountain areas such as the five-peak hilly post of Hubei, the altitude is 1600 m-1700 m, and the high mountain peat soil is prepared by a microbial compound fertilizer prepared independently. The volume weight average value of the high mountain peat soil is 0.3-0.5 g/kg, and the average value of the soil porosity is 70-80%.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the high mountain peat soil is an acid soil, wherein the soil conditioner of example 2, example 3, example 4 and example 5 has the effect of improving the pH value, the treatment groups of example 3 and example 5 have the best effect, and the pH value can reach 5.87 after 25 days of application.
Condition of improved mountain peat C, N, P, K
C. N, P, K is the main nutrient element in soil, but not all C, N, P, K in soil can be used by plants, wherein, organic C, ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are important indexes of C, N, P, K which can be used in soil, and the fertility of soil can be reflected by evaluating the organic C, ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium. The mountain peat soil contains 300-310 g/kg of organic matters, 9-12 g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.5-1.0 g/kg of total phosphorus and 10-15 g/kg of total potassium. 2.0-3.0% of organic C, 25-60 mg/kg of ammonia nitrogen, 900-1600 mg/kg of available phosphorus and 25-45 mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
TABLE 2 modified conditions of mountain peat C, N, P, K
As can be seen from Table 2, the SOC, A-K and A-P of each group were increased relative to the control group, wherein the SOC variation was small and increased up to 2.67% (group B) and 13.6%, the A-K was increased up to 1525.7mg/kg (group E) and 64.9%, and the A-P was increased up to 42.5mg/kg (group C) and 31.6%. The A-N values were all reduced to a minimum of 28.7mg/kg (group E), which was 50.9%.
Conditions of improved high mountain peat microorganisms
Microorganisms are decomposers in soil ecosystems, decompose organic matters to release nutrients for plants, and are important indexes for evaluating soil quality. Bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil are separated and counted by different microorganism culture media, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 3 conditions of microorganisms in the modified high mountain peat soil
As can be seen from the above table, after the modifier is applied, the contents of bacteria and actinomycetes in the high mountain carbon soil are obviously improved, and the fungi have no obvious change. Wherein the total number of E group bacterial colonies is 7.35 × 107The fungus reaches 4.12 x 105Actinomycetes reach 6.65X 106The method obviously improves the total amount and distribution change of microorganisms in the soil, changes the characteristics of the soil, and is mainly embodied in the aspects of pH, C, N, P, K, quick-acting P, quick-acting K and the like, thereby improving the breeding effect of the golden camellia and optimizing the golden camellia.
Determination of seed germination percentage
The improved high mountain peat soil is filled into a 50-hole tray, excellent camellia nitidissima seeds are selected for a sowing test, and each group of peat soil is re-sown for 2 times (100 grains). After sowing, the seeds were placed in a plastic greenhouse, watered quantitatively every day, continuously observed for 15 days, the germination of the seeds was recorded, and the germination rate of the seeds was measured (germination rate: number of seeds/sowing amount × 100%).
TABLE 4 influence of different groups of high mountain peat soil on germination rate of Camellia nitidissima seeds after improvement
As can be seen from the data, the content of the modified high mountain peat soil bacteria is 7.38 multiplied by 107cfu/g, fungal content 4.15X 105cfu/g and 6.89X 10 actinomycetes6The cfu/g combination obviously improves the germination rate of the golden camellia seeds, wherein in the E group, the germination rate reaches 96%, the germination rate is improved by 20%, and the effect is obvious.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing a golden camellia seeding and seedling raising substrate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the golden camellia seeding and seedling raising substrate is obtained by adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens into the sphagnum peat and fermenting.
2. The method for preparing the camellia nitidissima seeding and seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the content of bacillus subtilis is 0.5-1.5 parts, the content of bacillus licheniformis is 0.5-1.5 parts, the content of bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 0.5-1.5 parts, and the sphagnum alpinum peat is 0.8-1.5 parts.
3. The method for preparing the golden camellia seeding and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the sphagnum alpinum peat is collected from 40-50% of a soil layer with the thickness of more than 10cm and is collected from 50-60% of a soil layer with the thickness of 10-20 cm.
4. The method for preparing the golden camellia seeding and seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the sphagnum alpinum peat is controlled to be 15-30%.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106995332A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-01 | 北京中农赛世农业科技有限公司 | Rice nursery substrate and rice nursery substrate plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108130094A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-08 | 厦门金裕安贸易有限公司 | A kind of sandy soil improver and its application |
| CN112602561A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-06 | 广东博沃特生物技术有限公司 | Growth-promoting type culture medium and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106995332A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-01 | 北京中农赛世农业科技有限公司 | Rice nursery substrate and rice nursery substrate plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108130094A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-08 | 厦门金裕安贸易有限公司 | A kind of sandy soil improver and its application |
| CN112602561A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-06 | 广东博沃特生物技术有限公司 | Growth-promoting type culture medium and preparation method and application thereof |
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