CN105753526A - Method for composting by utilizing straw - Google Patents
Method for composting by utilizing straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN105753526A CN105753526A CN201610055375.7A CN201610055375A CN105753526A CN 105753526 A CN105753526 A CN 105753526A CN 201610055375 A CN201610055375 A CN 201610055375A CN 105753526 A CN105753526 A CN 105753526A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant straw reutilization, in particular to a method for compositing by utilizing straw. The method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing straw into straw particles; (2) mixing the straw particles, soil, animal manure and human excreta to obtain pre-treated straw particles; (3) mixing the pre-treated straw particles, solid inoculants and brewer grains to obtain compost raw materials; (4) stacking the compost raw materials into a fermenting stack. According to the method for composting by utilizing the straw, resources can be fully saved, reasonable utilization of the resources is realized, and the cost is relatively low; during a composting process, a certain amount of ammonium bicarbonate is added, so that the composting time of the straw can be effectively shortened. The bio-fertilizer obtained by the method has high content of N, P and K, and is beneficial to the growth of crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to straw recycling field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing straw compost.
Background technology
The agriculturally currently used fertilizer of China is mainly chemical fertilizer and fertilizer, chemical fertilizer is broadly divided into simple substance fertilizer, compound fertilizer, slow control fertilizer, and fertilizer mainly has organic commercial fertilizer, commodity composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, commodity micro organism composite fertilizer, commodity microbial organic fertilizer, Organic-inorganic biological fertilizer.Owing to chemical fertilizer can make crops comparatively fast be grown at short notice, the peasant of China generally compares dependence chemical fertilizer.Along with peasant to plant the increase that puts into, the phenomenon " applied fertilizer excessive, Higher output is not accompanied by a higher income " in rural area also gets more and more, and social resources, human health and environmental issue are caused high risks.One of harm: weaken crop production ability.The excessive result that crops are worked the mischief of applying fertilizer mainly has two: one to be easy lodging, causes grain drop in production；Two is be susceptible to pest and disease damage, and nitrogen application is too much, crops resistant to diseases and insects can be made to weaken, subject to disease pest and infect, then increase the pesticide dosage destroyed plant diseases and insect pests, directly threaten the safety of food.The two of harm: aggravation environmental pollution.Such investigation was once done in some areas by expert: according to statistics, and China is annual causes the nitrogen loss of more than 1,000 ten thousand tons to outside farmland because of unreasonable fertilising.Excessive fertilizer can penetrate in the phreatic water within 20m, make subsoil water nitric acid use chemical fertilizer and also the structure of soil can be produced impact, research shows, China consumes the chemical fertilizer of 50,000,000 tons of nutrients resources every year, account for the 27% of world Fertilizer total flow, and always plough in the Zhi Zhan world, arable land of China 7%, chemical nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate only 30%, loss rate, up to 60%, consumes the non-renewable resources (coal, natural gas) for chemical fertilizer production significantly.
Agricultural is had great positive role by fertilizer: first, it is possible to the nutrient required for supply plant growth comprehensively；Second, it is possible to reduce nutrient and fix, improve fertilizer efficiency further；3rd, it is possible to protect and store up point, reduce loss, improve the crop absorption to nutrient；4th, can effectively reconcile soil acidity or alkalinity, improve Soil structure；5th, soil nutrient can be increased, improve soil vitality.At present, peasant applies fertilizer ubiquity " triple three light " phenomenon, i.e. heavy chemical fertilizer, light fertilizer, diazonium phosphate fertilizer, light potash fertilizer, great secondary element medium trace element fertile, light.Development organic fertilizer, it is exactly utilize self raw material advantage, by the need fertilizer feature of different crops and agricultural production requirement, carry out the exploitation of fertilizer depth, with appropriate proportionings of fertilizer such as chemical fertilizer, biological inoculum and medium trace element, balance is used, and to improve fertilizer nutrient utilization, promotes agricultural production high yield, high-quality, efficiently.
China is large agricultural country, and the cultivated area of Semen Tritici aestivi and Oryza sativa L. is relatively wide, all can produce substantial amounts of straw every year, if the problem such as straw directly returning to field can cause the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil lack of proper care, organic acid accumulation, farming sowing are difficult, growing way of newly emerging is not prosperous.It is incinerated to crop harvesting a large amount of straw in season or arbitrarily abandons every year, become serious social and environmental problems.Straw compost is that agricultural crop straw becomes high-quality fertilizer, not only solves agricultural wastes straw, moreover it is possible to produce high-quality fertilizer, improves soil, increases soil fertility, preserve the ecological environment, and national food security and agricultural sustainable development is all significant.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of method utilizing straw compost.
The technical problem to be solved realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method utilizing straw compost, comprises the steps:
(1) stalk particle becoming particle diameter to be 3-6mm crushed stalk；
(2) stalk particle and soil, animal manure, night soil being mixed together, configuration proportion is 7:1:2:1, by mixture airtight placement 24-36h under 25-30 DEG C of condition, obtains pretreated stalk particle；
(3) step (2) is obtained pretreated stalk particle to mix with solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains, obtain composting material；
(4) composting material is piled fermentation buttress, outdoor fermentation 25-30 days, in the process of composting, in composting material, add a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, making carbon ammonia ratio for 25:1, the purpose increasing the ratio of carbon ammonia is to promote the decomposition active of microorganism in sweat.Further, fermentation is then piled up neatly every overturning in 7 days once after piling by fermentation buttress, the effect of overturning mainly make material mixing uniformly, be heated and one make peace ventilating air, it is ensured that aerobic microorganism activity breeding is fast, promotes that straw rots, and shortens the heap corruption time.
Preferably, described solid fungicide is the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR, and the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR is living microorganisms preparation, for supplementing multiple beneficial microorganism in soil, maintains the multiformity of microbial population.
Preferably, the mass ratio that stalk particle, solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains mix is 1kg:0.1-0.2kg:0.05-0.2kg.
Preferably, the water content regulating composting material is 60%-75%, and its effect is to be soaked by straw, suction moisture, softens straw tissue, it is simple to microorganism immersion carries out decomposition active；And some nutrients also must be dissolved in just being absorbed by the micro-organisms in water utilization, can accelerate the fermentation maturity speed of straw.
Preferably, the pH regulating composting material is 5.5-7.5, and the microorganism in composting material is suitable for carry out activity when neutrality and alkalescence, when acidity is excessive, a small amount of Calx or plant ash can be added in right amount to neutralize the acidity in heap, keep microbial activities to have good living environment.The compost made of stalks of such composting, just can reach black, rotten, smelly quality standard through 25-30 days.
Preferably, described fermentation buttress, long 5-7 rice, wide 1-1.5 rice, the long of high 0.5-1 rice are piled up neatly, and during fermentation, in fermentation buttress, temperature controls at 50-60 DEG C, and this is the most favourable to microbial decomposition cellulose bacteria activity.If temperature is more than 70 DEG C, this bacterial activity will stop.
The present invention is had the beneficial effect that
(1), in the present invention, the system that stalk particle and soil, animal manure, night soil is mixed together is to carry out pretreatment to stalk particle, it is possible to fully economize on resources, it is achieved the rationalization of resource is used, less costly；
(2) in the process of compost, a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate is added, thus promoting the decomposition active of microorganism in sweat, it is possible to effectively shorten the heap corruption time of straw；
(3) the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR is living microorganisms preparation, can produce to contribute in a large number the microorganism of Straw decomposing, contribute to abundant pyrolysis straw；
(4) bio-feritlizer N, P, K content that the present invention obtains is high, is conducive to the growth of crops.
Detailed description of the invention
For the technological means making the present invention realize, creation characteristic, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method utilizing straw compost, comprises the steps:
(1) stalk particle becoming particle diameter to be 3mm crushed stalk；
(2) stalk particle and soil, animal manure, night soil being mixed together, configuration proportion is 7:1:2:1, by mixture airtight placement 24h under 25 DEG C of conditions, obtains pretreated stalk particle；
(3) step (2) is obtained pretreated stalk particle to mix with solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains, obtain composting material；
(4) composting material is piled fermentation buttress, outdoor fermentation 25-30 days, in the process of composting, in composting material, add a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, making carbon ammonia ratio for 25:1, the purpose increasing the ratio of carbon ammonia is to promote the decomposition active of microorganism in sweat.And fermentation is piled up neatly every overturning in 7 days once, the effect of overturning mainly make material mixing uniformly, be heated and one make peace ventilating air, it is ensured that aerobic microorganism activity breeding is fast, promotes that straw rots, and shortens the heap rotten time.
Preferably, described solid fungicide is the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR, and the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR is living microorganisms preparation, for supplementing multiple beneficial microorganism in soil, maintains the multiformity of microbial population.
Preferably, the mass ratio that stalk particle, solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains mix is 1kg:0.1kg:0.05kg.
Preferably, the water content regulating composting material is 60%, and its effect is to be soaked by straw, suction moisture, softens straw tissue, it is simple to microorganism immersion carries out decomposition active；And some nutrients also must be dissolved in just being absorbed by the micro-organisms in water utilization, can accelerate the fermentation maturity speed of straw.
Preferably, the pH regulating composting material is 5.5, and the microorganism in composting material is suitable for carry out activity when neutrality and alkalescence, when acidity is excessive, a small amount of Calx or plant ash can be added in right amount to neutralize the acidity in heap, keep microbial activities to have good living environment.The compost made of stalks of such composting, just can reach black, rotten, smelly quality standard through 25 days.
Preferably, described fermentation buttress, length 5 meters, length wide 1 meter, high 0.5 meter are piled up neatly, and during fermentation, fermentation is piled up neatly interior temperature and controlled at 50-60 DEG C, and this is the most favourable to microbial decomposition cellulose bacteria activity.If temperature is more than 70 DEG C, this bacterial activity will stop.
Embodiment 2
The technical problem to be solved realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method utilizing straw compost, comprises the steps:
(1) stalk particle becoming particle diameter to be 6mm crushed stalk；
(2) stalk particle and soil, animal manure, night soil being mixed together, configuration proportion is 7:1:2:1, by mixture airtight placement 36h under 30 DEG C of conditions, obtains pretreated stalk particle；
(3) step (2) is obtained pretreated stalk particle to mix with solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains, obtain composting material；
(4) composting material is piled fermentation buttress, outdoor fermentation 30 days, in the process of composting, in composting material, add a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, making carbon ammonia ratio for 25:1, the purpose increasing the ratio of carbon ammonia is to promote the decomposition active of microorganism in sweat.And fermentation is piled up neatly every overturning in 7 days once, the effect of overturning mainly make material mixing uniformly, be heated and one make peace ventilating air, it is ensured that aerobic microorganism activity breeding is fast, promotes that straw rots, and shortens the heap rotten time.
Preferably, described solid fungicide is the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR, and the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR is living microorganisms preparation, for supplementing multiple beneficial microorganism in soil, maintains the multiformity of microbial population.
Preferably, the mass ratio that stalk particle, solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains mix is 1kg:0.2kg:0.2kg.
Preferably, the water content regulating composting material is 75%, and its effect is to be soaked by straw, suction moisture, softens straw tissue, it is simple to microorganism immersion carries out decomposition active；And some nutrients also must be dissolved in just being absorbed by the micro-organisms in water utilization, can accelerate the fermentation maturity speed of straw.
Preferably, the pH regulating composting material is 7.5, and the microorganism in composting material is suitable for carry out activity when neutrality and alkalescence, when acidity is excessive, a small amount of Calx or plant ash can be added in right amount to neutralize the acidity in heap, keep microbial activities to have good living environment.The compost made of stalks of such composting, just can reach black, rotten, smelly quality standard through 25-30 days.
Preferably, described fermentation buttress, length 7 meters, length wide 1.5 meters, high 1 meter are piled up neatly, and during fermentation, fermentation is piled up neatly interior temperature and controlled at 50-60 DEG C, and this is the most favourable to microbial decomposition cellulose bacteria activity.If temperature is more than 70 DEG C, this bacterial activity will stop.
Embodiment 3
The technical problem to be solved realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method utilizing straw compost, comprises the steps:
(1) stalk particle becoming particle diameter to be 5mm crushed stalk；
(2) stalk particle and soil, animal manure, night soil being mixed together, configuration proportion is 7:1:2:1, by mixture airtight placement 30h under 27 DEG C of conditions, obtains pretreated stalk particle；
(3) step (2) is obtained pretreated stalk particle to mix with solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains, obtain composting material；
(4) composting material is piled fermentation buttress, outdoor fermentation 27 days, in the process of composting, in composting material, add a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, making carbon ammonia ratio for 25:1, the purpose increasing the ratio of carbon ammonia is to promote the decomposition active of microorganism in sweat.And fermentation is piled up neatly every overturning in 7 days once, the effect of overturning mainly make material mixing uniformly, be heated and one make peace ventilating air, it is ensured that aerobic microorganism activity breeding is fast, promotes that straw rots, and shortens the heap rotten time.
Preferably, described solid fungicide is the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR, and the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR is living microorganisms preparation, for supplementing multiple beneficial microorganism in soil, maintains the multiformity of microbial population.
Preferably, the mass ratio that stalk particle, solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains mix is 1kg:0.15kg:0.12kg.
Preferably, the water content regulating composting material is 68%, and its effect is to be soaked by straw, suction moisture, softens straw tissue, it is simple to microorganism immersion carries out decomposition active；And some nutrients also must be dissolved in just being absorbed by the micro-organisms in water utilization, can accelerate the fermentation maturity speed of straw.
Preferably, the pH regulating composting material is 7, and the microorganism in composting material is suitable for carry out activity when neutrality and alkalescence, when acidity is excessive, a small amount of Calx or plant ash can be added in right amount to neutralize the acidity in heap, keep microbial activities to have good living environment.The compost made of stalks of such composting, just can reach black, rotten, smelly quality standard through 27 days.
Preferably, described fermentation buttress, length 6 meters, length wide 1.2 meters, high 0.7 meter are piled up neatly, and during fermentation, fermentation is piled up neatly interior temperature and controlled at 50-60 DEG C, and this is the most favourable to microbial decomposition cellulose bacteria activity.If temperature is more than 70 DEG C, this bacterial activity will stop.
Utilize embodiment 1-3 to obtain fertilizer wheat paddock is tested, comparison field 1 uses compound fertilizer, comparison field 2 is different in that with embodiment 3 compare 2, field organic fertilizer does not add a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate in preparation process, make carbon ammonia than for 25:1, all the other preparation conditions are identical with embodiment 3, and the regular maintenance such as application rate, weeding is all identical.In embodiment 1-3, the consumption that makes of fertilizer is 50kg/ mu, and the consumption that makes of compound fertilizer makes consumption apply fertilizer with reference to its standard.
Selecting the field of plantation Semen Tritici aestivi, the area in each group of experimental plot is 5 mu, and experimental result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 fertilizer compares with the yield of compound fertilizer
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Comparison field 1 | Comparison field 2 | |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 866 | 878 | 890 | 745 | 816 |
From table 1 it follows that employ fertilizer in the present invention can be effectively improved the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi.
The ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage have more than been shown and described.Skilled person will appreciate that of the industry; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; described in above-described embodiment and description is that principles of the invention is described; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within the claimed scope of the invention.Claimed scope is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. the method utilizing straw compost, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) stalk particle becoming particle diameter to be 3-6mm crushed stalk；
(2) stalk particle and soil, animal manure, night soil being mixed together, configuration proportion is 7:1:2:1, by mixture airtight placement 24-36h under 25-30 DEG C of condition, obtains pretreated stalk particle；
(3) step (2) is obtained pretreated stalk particle to mix with solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains, obtain composting material；
(4) composting material is piled fermentation buttress, outdoor fermentation 25-30 days, in the process of composting, toward composting material in, adds a certain amount of ammonium hydrogen carbonate so that carbon ammonia ratio for 25:1, and, fermentation buttress after piling then by fermentation buttress every overturning in 7 days once.
2. a kind of method utilizing straw compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), described solid fungicide is the multi-functional microbial inoculum of PGPR.
3. a kind of method utilizing straw compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the mass ratio of stalk particle, solid fungicide, medicated beer distiller grains mixing is 1kg:0.1-0.2kg:0.05-0.2kg.
4. a kind of method utilizing straw compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the water content regulating composting material is 60%-75%.
5. a kind of method utilizing straw compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), the pH regulating composting material is 5.5-7.5.
6. a kind of method utilizing straw compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), described fermentation buttress, long 5-7 rice, wide 1-1.5 rice, the long of high 0.5-1 rice are piled up neatly, and during fermentation, in fermentation buttress, temperature controls at 50-60 DEG C.
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| CN201610055375.7A CN105753526A (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2016-01-26 | Method for composting by utilizing straw |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106699300A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-24 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Novel technology for aerobic-anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of night soil and straw |
| CN106717230A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | A kind of method of utilization fowl poultry kind excrement improved soil structure |
| CN107512953A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-26 | 界首市众建家庭农场 | A kind of stalk fermentation compost with soil remediation ability |
| CN107573119A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-12 | 王永显 | A kind of stalk particle bioreactor in situ |
| CN112931074A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 张量 | Vegetable planting method using straw compost fermentation product to replace chemical fertilizer and pesticide |
| CN114097549A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-01 | 衡水学院 | Efficient utilization production method of wheat field evaporation-reducing salt-inhibiting straw in saline-alkali double cropping area |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106717230A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | A kind of method of utilization fowl poultry kind excrement improved soil structure |
| CN106699300A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-24 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Novel technology for aerobic-anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of night soil and straw |
| CN106699300B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2021-03-02 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Novel process for treating human excrement and straw by aerobic-anaerobic-aerobic organisms |
| CN107573119A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-12 | 王永显 | A kind of stalk particle bioreactor in situ |
| CN107512953A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-26 | 界首市众建家庭农场 | A kind of stalk fermentation compost with soil remediation ability |
| CN112931074A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 张量 | Vegetable planting method using straw compost fermentation product to replace chemical fertilizer and pesticide |
| CN114097549A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-01 | 衡水学院 | Efficient utilization production method of wheat field evaporation-reducing salt-inhibiting straw in saline-alkali double cropping area |
| CN114097549B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-10-04 | 衡水学院 | Efficient utilization production method of evaporation-reducing salt-inhibiting straw in wheat field of saline-alkali double cropping area |
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