CN114289498A - Bioremediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Bioremediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114289498A CN114289498A CN202210001327.5A CN202210001327A CN114289498A CN 114289498 A CN114289498 A CN 114289498A CN 202210001327 A CN202210001327 A CN 202210001327A CN 114289498 A CN114289498 A CN 114289498A
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Abstract
The invention provides a bioremediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, and particularly relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal contaminated remediation. The invention carries out the cadmium-lead composite pollution farmland soil remediation by the crop rotation of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German rhodiola, not only perfectly eliminates the single remediation empty window period, but also improves the plant remediation efficiency and shortens the soil treatment period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil heavy metal pollution remediation, and particularly relates to a bioremediation method of heavy metal polluted soil.
Background
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are common heavy metal pollutants in soil in China, wherein the site overproof rate of cadmium in the soil in China is the highest in all the heavy metal pollutants. Compared with other heavy metal elements, cadmium has higher mobility and bioavailability and is easy to enter human bodies through a soil-crop-food chain. The long-term eating of the cadmium-polluted food can cause bone pain, which seriously harms the health of human beings. At present, the remediation of the cadmium-lead compound polluted farmland soil is imperative.
Compared with the traditional physical and chemical remediation method, the phytoremediation method has the advantages of economy, effectiveness, environmental friendliness, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like, is particularly suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil of large-area farmlands, but the currently used plant species are single in planting, the heavy metal capable of being used for remediation is single, and the phytoremediation method is less applicable to the phytoremediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a bioremediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil, which utilizes taiwan feather cockscomb and german sedum to perform crop rotation, perfectly eliminates the separate remediation blank window period, improves the phytoremediation efficiency, and shortens the soil treatment period.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a bioremediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: rotating the heavy metal contaminated soil into Taiwan feather cockscomb (Celosia taitioensis Hay) and German Sedum hybridum; removing tops after planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Germany landscape;
the heavy metal pollutants of the heavy metal polluted soil comprise cadmium and lead.
Preferably, the planting time of the taiwan feather cockscomb is 4-5 months per year, the german sedum is planted after the overground part of the taiwan feather cockscomb is harvested at the end of 10 months in the current year, the overground part of the german sedum is harvested in 4 months in the next year, and the taiwan feather cockscomb is planted to form a crop rotation system.
Preferably, the planting density of the celosia argentea in Taiwan is 25-30 plants/m2The line spacing was 25 cm.
Preferably, the planting density of the sedum germanica is 25-30 plants/m2The row spacing is 15 cm.
Preferably, the bacillus cereus is applied to the taiwan feather cockscomb and the german sedum respectively after the taiwan feather cockscomb and the german sedum are planted for 12-18 d.
Preferably, the application amount of the bacillus cereus is 1011cfu/m2。
Preferably, the first topping is carried out 7 days after the Taiwan feather cockscomb and Germany landscape are planted, and then topping is carried out once every 30 days; the height of each topping was 1 cm.
Preferably, soil balance is further included before planting the taiwan feather cockscomb and the german sedum.
Preferably, the soil balance comprises applying 800mg/m potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the soil2And malic acid 3840mg/m2。
Has the advantages that: the invention utilizes rotation of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German rhodiola rosea to carry out cadmium-lead compound pollution on farmland soil, the Taiwan feather cockscomb cannot grow normally in cold weather in winter, the German rhodiola rosea cannot grow normally in hot weather in summer, and the two plants are used for soil restoration independently and have a window period of several months, so that the optimal restoration effect cannot be achieved. The method for restoring the cadmium-lead composite polluted farmland soil by the rotation of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German sedum can perfectly eliminate the independent restoration blank window period, improve the phytoremediation efficiency and shorten the soil treatment period.
In the embodiment of the invention, the repairing effect of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and German sedum rotation mode on the cadmium-lead composite pollution of the soil is very obvious, the total cadmium content of the soil is reduced from 2.7mg/kg before repairing to 1.65mg/kg after repairing, the repairing efficiency is as high as 38.89%, the total lead content of the soil is reduced from 281.1mg/kg before repairing to 196.3mg/kg after repairing, and the repairing efficiency is 30.25%, which indicates that the Taiwan feather cockscomb and German sedum rotation mode has great application potential in repairing the cadmium-lead composite pollution of the soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different decapping frequencies on the biomass of the aerial part of a Taiwan feather cockscomb; data in the column sequentially represent CK, T1, T2 and T3 from left to right;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different frequency of topping on the cadmium content of the overground part of Taiwan feather cockscomb; data in the column sequentially represent CK, T1, T2 and T3 from left to right;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different topping frequencies on the biomass of the aerial parts of Sedum germanica; the data in the column represents Control, S1, S2 and S3 in sequence from left to right;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different topping frequencies on the cadmium content of the aerial parts of Sedum germanica; the data in the column represents Control, S1, S2, and S3 in order from left to right.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a bioremediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: rotating the heavy metal contaminated soil into Taiwan feather cockscomb (Celosia taitioensis Hay) and German Sedum hybridum; removing tops after planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Germany landscape;
the heavy metal pollutants of the heavy metal polluted soil comprise cadmium and lead.
The planting time of the Taiwan feather cockscomb is preferably 4-5 months per year; the planting time of the Sedum aizoon is preferably 10-11 months per year, the overground part of the Sedum aizoon is harvested at the end of 10 months of the year in which the Sedum aizoon is planted, and the Sedum aizoon is planted after the overground part of the Sedum aizoon is harvested; harvesting the overground part of the sedum germanica in the next 4 months of the sedum germanica, and planting the celosia taiwan after harvesting. In the embodiment of the invention, preferably, the Taiwan feather cockscomb is planted in the soil of the cadmium-lead combined polluted farmland at the beginning of 4 months in the first year, and the overground part of the Taiwan feather cockscomb is harvested at the bottom of 10 months; continuously planting the Sedum aizoon on the soil for harvesting the Cedar feather cockscomb at the beginning of 11 months, and harvesting the overground part of the Sedum aizoon at the end of 4 months in the next year; planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb on the soil for harvesting the Sedum kamtschaticum in the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and harvesting the overground part of the Taiwan feather cockscomb at the bottom of 10 months to form a planting system for crop rotation of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Sedum kamtschaticum.
The planting density of the Taiwan feather cockscomb is preferably 25-30 plants/m2The row spacing is preferably 25 cm; the planting density of the rhodiola germanica is preferably 25-30 plants/m2The row spacing is preferably 15 cm. After the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German rhodiola rosea are planted for 12-18 days, the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German rhodiola rosea are preferably planted respectivelyApplying the bacillus cereus to the celosia and the rhodiola germanica, wherein the application amount of the bacillus cereus is preferably 1011cfu/m2. In the present invention, the Bacillus cereus is preferably applied by root irrigation, and the concentration is 10 in the embodiment9And (5) irrigating roots with cfu/kg of bacterial liquid. The species and source of the bacillus cereus are not particularly limited, and the bacillus cereus is preferably purchased from China agricultural culture Collection of microorganisms (ACCC) with the strain preservation number of ACCC 11034.
The invention carries out the first topping 7 days after planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb and Germany landscape, and then topping once every 30 days. The topping according to the present invention preferably comprises topping buds of 1cm in length, which can stimulate plant growth and improve phytoremediation efficiency.
Before planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German sedum, the invention preferably also comprises soil balancing, and the soil balancing preferably comprises applying 800mg/m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to soil2And malic acid 3840mg/m2. In the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is preferably 100mg/kg, and the concentration of the malic acid is preferably 5 mmol/kg. The time for balancing the soil is not particularly limited in the invention, and preferably comprises 7-30 days, and the subsequent planting of plants is carried out after the soil is balanced. In the present invention, it is preferable that the method further comprises re-applying 800mg/m potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 month after said planting2. The method also comprises field management in the whole crop rotation period, and specifically comprises the steps of carrying out conventional watering management and pest and disease damage management on the plants, and carrying out harmless treatment on the overground parts of the harvested plants.
The method for bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The test site is a cadmium-lead combined pollution farmland in villages of Yanshuangxi county, Guangxi Guilin City, the pollution source is downstream farmland pollution caused by the tailings of upstream lead-zinc ores, and the physicochemical properties of the soil are as follows: 2.70mg/kg of total cadmium, 1.52mg/kg of effective cadmium, 275mg/kg of total lead, 139mg/kg of effective lead, 6.11 of pH value, 0.5 percent of organic matter, 19.3mg/kg of ammonium nitrogen, 53.1mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 213.6mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
The test section was divided into 1 control group and 3 treatment groups:
the control group did not plant plants;
treatment group: the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German sedum are planted in a rotation mode (rotation group), the Taiwan feather cockscomb is planted independently, and the German sedum is planted independently;
each group is repeated for 3 times, the repeated area is 2m multiplied by 4m, and all cells are randomly arranged, so that the field test error is controlled.
Control group: plants are not planted and agents are not added in the whole test period, weeds are removed timely, and field water management is well carried out.
And (3) rotation group: at the beginning of 3 months in the first year of the test (one month before transplanting), the farmland soil in the test area is ploughed and leveled to remove weeds, monopotassium phosphate (the concentration is 100mg/kg) and malic acid (the concentration is 5mmol/kg) are uniformly scattered into the soil of the treatment group, and the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 800mg/m2And malic acid 3840mg/m2After balancing for 1 month, transplanting the seedlings of the celosia argentea in Taiwan at the beginning of 4 months with the planting density of 25 plants/m2The row spacing was 20 cm.
After the Taiwan feather cockscomb is transplanted for half a month, applying a bacillus cereus liquid (purchased from China agricultural microorganism culture collection management center, with the culture collection number of ACCC 11034 and the concentration of 10) to the root of the Taiwan feather cockscomb9cfu/kg) in an amount of 1011cfu/m2.1 month after transplanting, 800mg/m potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added again2。
Performing conventional watering management and pest and disease damage management on plants in the whole test period, harvesting overground parts of the Taiwan feather cockscomb at the bottom of 10 months, performing harmless treatment, simultaneously performing the same balance treatment on soil, and transplanting the German rhodiola rosea on the soil for harvesting the Taiwan feather cockscomb at the beginning of 11 days, wherein the planting density is 30 plants/m2The row spacing is 15cm, and the celosia argentea is treated after planting.
And harvesting the overground part of the Sedum kamtschaticum at the bottom of 4 months in the second year, performing harmless treatment, balancing the soil again, continuously planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb on the soil for harvesting the Sedum kamtschaticum at the beginning of 5 months in the second year, harvesting the overground part of the Taiwan feather cockscomb at the bottom of 10 months in the second year, and performing harmless treatment to form a planting system for rotation of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Sedum kamtschaticum. And in the crop rotation period, removing plant apical buds 7 days after transplanting the Taiwan feather cockscomb and Germany landscape, stimulating the growth of the plants, cutting off the apical buds about 1cm long, and removing the apical buds again each time when the apical buds completely grow out, wherein the period of removing the apical buds is about 30 days.
After harvesting the Taiwan feather cockscomb, a surface soil sample is collected in each cell by using a five-point sampling method, and the content of total cadmium and total lead in the soil is measured by adopting a conventional method.
Planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb separately: the operations were the same as the crop rotation group except that the german landscape was not planted.
Independently planting the German sedum: the operation was the same as that of the crop rotation group except that no taiwan feather cockscomb was planted.
The result is shown in table 1, the repairing effect of the rotation mode of the taiwan feather cockscomb and the german sedum on the cadmium-lead composite pollution of the soil is very obvious, the total cadmium content of the soil is reduced from 2.7mg/kg before repairing to 1.65mg/kg after repairing, the repairing efficiency is as high as 38.89%, the total lead content of the soil is reduced from 281.1mg/kg before repairing to 196.3mg/kg after repairing, and the repairing efficiency is 30.25%, which shows that the rotation mode of the taiwan feather cockscomb and the german sedum has great application potential for repairing the cadmium-lead composite pollution soil.
TABLE 1 heavy metal content in soil
In the table, a and b represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.
Example 2
The heavy metal enriched plants of Taiwan feather cockscomb and German sedum are adopted as plant materials. The seeds of the feather cockscomb are taken from the demonstration base of the remediation of the heavy metal polluted plants in school and are located in the lead-zinc mine tailing warehouse of the town thinking of Xingting county, Yangsheng, Guilin city. Selecting plump seeds, and adding 10% H2O2After soaking and sterilizing the solutionWashing with distilled water, seeding and culturing in seedling tray, placing the seedling tray in greenhouse, maintaining the temperature at 25-30 deg.C in daytime, 15-20 deg.C at night, and illumination intensity of 250 μmolphosns m-2s-1The daily average illumination time is 12-14 hours, and the relative humidity is 70-75%. The soil was watered with tap water (no Cd detected) every day to maintain a water content of 50%. Irrigating the germinated seeds once a week by using Honglad nutrient solution with 1/2 concentration, and transplanting seedlings with consistent sizes after 4-6 true leaves grow out and the height of the seedlings exceeds 5 cm. The rhodiola germanica seedlings are purchased from Yao mountain flower market in Guilin city. And selecting healthy seedlings with the height of 10-12 cm for transplanting.
The soil to be tested in the test is from school soil, is air-dried and then is sieved by a 5mm sieve, and the physicochemical properties of the soil are measured by a conventional method, which is detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 physicochemical Properties of the soil tested
Experiment design:
and filling the sieved campus soil into plastic pots with the diameter of 12cm and the height of 25cm, wherein each pot is filled with 2.5kg of soil. With CdCl2Adding cadmium into soil in a designed concentration of 5mg/kg, ensuring that the water content of the soil is 60% of the maximum field water capacity, transplanting the seedlings of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the seedlings of the German rhodiola after balancing for 2 weeks, grouping according to different treatment methods, and repeating 3 times for each treatment. The plants are harvested after 90 days of greenhouse cultivation, and the soil moisture content is kept about 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field during the cultivation period. Dividing the plant into root, stem and leaf 3 parts with clean scissors, repeatedly cleaning with tap water, and washing the plant with 10mM EDTA to remove heavy metals adsorbed on the surface of the plant. The roots, stems, leaves were dried in an oven at 70 ℃ to constant weight and their dry weight was measured with a balance. Drying the root, stem and leaf samplesPulverizing, and adding HNO3+HClO4(5:3, v: v) and measuring the content of Cd in the root, stem and leaf of the feather cockscomb and the root, stem and leaf of the German stonecrop respectively by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). All reagents used in the test are guaranteed reagent, and the quality control is carried out by adopting a national standard reference substance (GBW 10010).
Control group (CK): taiwan feather cockscomb planting group without top removing treatment.
Treatment 1 (T1): and (3) removing plant terminal buds of the Taiwan feather cockscomb planting group by using clean scissors every 10 days after transplanting, wherein the removed terminal buds are about 1cm long.
Treatment group (T2): and (3) removing plant terminal buds of the Taiwan feather cockscomb planting group by using clean scissors every 20 days after transplanting, wherein the removed terminal buds are about 1cm long.
Treatment group (T3): and (3) removing plant terminal buds of the Taiwan feather cockscomb planting group by using clean scissors every 30 days after transplanting, wherein the removed terminal buds are about 1cm long.
Control group (Control): sedum aizoon planting group, without topping.
Process 1 (S1): and (4) removing plant terminal buds of the Sedum germanica planting group by using clean scissors every 10 days after transplanting, wherein the removed terminal buds are about 1cm long.
Treatment group (S2): and (4) removing plant terminal buds of the Sedum germanica planting group by using clean scissors every 20 days after transplanting, wherein the removed terminal buds are about 1cm long.
Treatment group (S3): and (4) removing plant terminal buds of the Sedum germanica planting group by using clean scissors every 30 days after transplanting, wherein the removed terminal buds are about 1cm long.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 4, the 3 different apical removal frequencies did not significantly affect the cadmium content in the aerial parts of the taiwan feather cockscomb and the sedum germanica compared to the control group, but the apical removal frequency of 30 days compared to the control group significantly increased the biomass of the aerial parts of the taiwan feather cockscomb and the sedum germanica. Compared with the control group, the biomass of the overground part of the celosia argentea in Taiwan is increased by 76 percent, and the biomass of the overground part of the sedum germanica is increased by 49.3 percent. Under the condition that the enrichment capacity is not changed remarkably, the growth of the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the German rhodiola can be promoted once every 30 days by removing the top, the biomass of the overground part is improved, and the phytoremediation efficiency is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The bioremediation method of the heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: rotating the heavy metal contaminated soil into Taiwan feather cockscomb (Celosia taitioensis Hay) and German Sedum hybridum; removing tops after planting the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Germany landscape;
the heavy metal pollutants of the heavy metal polluted soil comprise cadmium and lead.
2. The bioremediation method of claim 1, wherein the planting time of the taiwan feather cockscomb is 4-5 months per year, the overground part of the taiwan feather cockscomb is harvested at the end of 10 months in the current year, then the sedum germanica is planted, the overground part of the sedum germanica is harvested in 4 months in the next year, and then the taiwan feather cockscomb is planted to form a crop rotation system.
3. The bioremediation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting density of the celosia argentea in Taiwan is 25 to 30 plants/m2The line spacing was 25 cm.
4. The bioremediation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rhodiola germanica is planted at a density of 25 to 30 plants/m2The row spacing is 15 cm.
5. The bioremediation method of claim 4, wherein the Bacillus cereus is applied to the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Sedum germanica respectively after the Taiwan feather cockscomb and the Sedum germanica are planted for 12-18 d.
6. According to claim 5The bioremediation method is characterized in that the Bacillus cereus is applied in an amount of 1011cfu/m2。
7. The bioremediation method of claim 1, wherein the first topping is performed 7 days after the landscape day of planting taiwan feather cockscomb and germany, and then topping is performed every 30 days;
the height of each topping was 1 cm.
8. The bioremediation method of claim 1, further comprising balancing soil prior to growing the celosia taiwanensis and sedum germanica.
9. The bioremediation method of claim 8, wherein the soil balancing comprises applying 800mg/m potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the soil2And malic acid 3840mg/m2。
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