CN105921511A - Method for repairing soil heavy metal cadmium pollution through endive-oil sunflower crop rotation mode - Google Patents
Method for repairing soil heavy metal cadmium pollution through endive-oil sunflower crop rotation mode Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for repairing soil heavy metal cadmium pollution through an endive-oil sunflower crop rotation mode. According to the method, endives and oil sunflowers are planted in the soil of heavy metal compound pollution in the endive-oil sunflower crop rotation mode according to the natural growing periods of the endives and the oil sunflowers, and conventional cultivation is conducted. Both the endives and the oil sunflowers can grow normally in the cadmium-polluted soil, no obvious toxic symptom occurs, and the yield of the endives and the oil sunflowers is not influenced. In addition, the biomass of the overground part is large, a large quantity of various heavy metals can be absorbed and accumulated, especially the content of the heavy metal cadmium in the plants is obviously larger than the soil background value, and the enrichment level is reached. By the adoption of the method, cultivation is easy, the management cost is low, the oil sunflowers have quite high edible value and medicinal value, the endives contain a large amount of protein and have quite high feeding value, the heavy metals can be prevented from entering the food chain again through simple treatment, and high economic income can be obtained while pollution treatment is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pollute the phytoremediation technology of environment, be specifically related to one and utilize Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers crop rotation mould
The method of formula repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution.
Background technology
Along with environmental quality deterioration and to chemurgy product growing according to lazyness, heavy metal pollution of soil
Problem has become as the focus note paid close attention to all over the world.According to estimates, current Chinese contaminated cultivated area is near
20000000 hm2, accounting for the 1/5 of cultivated area, Area of Wastewater Irrigation in Farmland has reached ten thousand hm more than 1302.Annual because of soil
Ground contamination and the grain yield that reduces is up to 10,000,000 tons, direct economic loss reaches more than 100 hundred million yuan.
At northern France, due to the high speed development of the metallurgical industry in 20th century, soil has suffered a serious huge sum of money
Belong to and polluting.According to Environmental Protection Agency USA's statistics, U.S. government the mine directly managed, enterprise etc. cause
Points of contamination just has at 19000, and wherein contain heavy metal pollution accounts for 38%.Southeastern US area herbage is raw
In product, owing to using brid guano in a large number for a long time, Cu, Zn is caused to accumulate in a large number in soil.
It is reported, Chinese contaminated cultivated area reaches 20,000,000 hm2, account for the 1/5 of total cultivated area,
Wherein heavy metal pollution (mainly Pb, Zn, cadmium) accounts for the 30%-40% of contaminated area.The Ministry of Agriculture 1995
The investigation of China's irrigating region is shown by year, and there are 1,400,000 hm in the whole nation2Dirty fill area, suffer heavy metal pollution
Land area accounts for the 64.8% of the irrigating region gross area, and wherein the area of 8.4%, 9.7%, 46.7% is respectively by weight
The severe of metal, moderate and slight pollution.Soil, by after heavy metal pollution, can endanger plant growing.High
Concentration heavy metal pollution can cause chlorophyll content of plant to decline with photosynthetic rate, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), peroxidase (POD), the activity decrease of catalase (CAT), cell membrane be destroyed, seed
Germination percentage reduces, growth retardation, and yield reduces, yellowing leaf, and the florescence postpones, and root system is suppressed, sternly
During weight, plant is dead.
The most all recovery techniques at heavy metal contaminated soil are studied.Due to phytoremediation skill
Art has the advantages such as permanent regulation effect, cheap treatment cost, easy later stage process so that it is become
The study hotspot of Heavy Metal Pollution Control.And this technology heavy metal repairing effect it is critical only that rehabilitation plant
The selection of kind and the application of ameliorative measure.
Thus strengthen correlational study to contaminated soil restoration of the ecosystem, enrich further, improve pollution ecology and repair
Multiple theoretical content, it is established that the theoretical frame that pollution ecology is repaired, should be current top priority.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at, for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that one utilizes Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers crop rotation
The method of pattern repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution, to solve to plant in existing remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil
Thing exist restriction in season, poor growth, Aboveground Biomass of Young is low, absorption and accumulation total metals is few,
Not there is the problems such as preferable economic benefit, actual application resultant effect be little.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: one utilizes Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers crop rotation
The method of pattern repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution, the method is according to its natural trophophase by Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
It is planted in heavy-metal composite pollution soil with Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system, carries out conventional cultivation, pass through Herba Cichorii
With oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers the absorbing accumulation ability thus remove in soil the weight of excess of heavy metal cadmium in Natural growth process
Cadmium metal.
The above-mentioned Herba Cichorii being planted in heavy-metal composite pollution soil and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are that two kinds of heavy metal have super patience
Plant, heavy metal has superpower accumulation ability.
Above-mentioned Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers carry out field field planting in heavy-metal composite pollution area, select soil layer subsoiling
Adaptation soil, carry out routine arable land, fertilising, by Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers live with Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system
In contaminated soil, carry out antifreezing measures in seedling stage, follow-up pest management, and the management of field soil moisture content,
In time topdress.
The Herba Cichorii of above-mentioned plantation in heavy-metal composite pollution soil and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, can absorb substantial amounts of from soil
Heavy metal, along with the growth of plant, the increasing of Aboveground Biomass of Young, Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy metal accumulation
Total amount be consequently increased.In JIUYUE plantation the previous year Herba Cichorii, after Herba Cichorii harvesting at the beginning of Second Year 5 months,
Planting oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (kind is G101, G104 and short major part respectively, and period of duration is 90 days) the 5-8 month, oil is received by certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
Continue at JIUYUE plantation Herba Cichorii after cutting, carry out Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers crop rotation, can effectively reduce containing of heavy metal in soil
Amount, repairing polluted soil also obtains income.
Above-mentioned Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers equal normal growth in heavy-metal composite pollution soil, according to the pipe of high yield field
Reason mode removes management, fresh careless 1.5 ten thousand kilograms of per mu yield Herba Cichorii, equivalent 2200 kilograms of Radix Glycyrrhizae, oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers per mu yield 300-450
Kilogram.
Herba Cichorii good palatability in the present invention, utilization rate is high, pig horse cattle, the equal eating of chicken and duck goose.Can cut every year
Cut 4-6 time, fresh careless 1.5 ten thousand kilograms of per mu yield, equivalent 2200 kilograms of Radix Glycyrrhizae.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in the present invention, another name
Heronsbill, for annual herb plant, is that Compositae oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers belongs to, and high 1-3 rice, stem is upright, sturdy.It is drought-enduring,
Fruit sunflower seed can be produced, the most all have cultivation.The results showed, Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are to various heavy
There are the strongest patience and accumulation ability.The present invention makes full use of Herba Cichorii and this enrichment of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy metal
Characteristic, is planted in the area of heavy-metal composite pollution, the heavy metal in absorption and accumulation soil, especially
Heavy metal cadmium, and because its Aboveground Biomass of Young is big, it is possible to the substantial amounts of various heavy of absorption and accumulation, special
It not apparently higher than soil background values for heavy metal cadmium content in plant, reached the level of enrichment.
So, when extracting the heavy metal in soil by harvesting processing aerial parts after Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturation, from
And reduce the purpose of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils cadmium content.By the post-treatment of cutting is processed, can
To produce qualified Oleum Helianthi (see ZL 201310711898.9) and Herba Cichorii feed protein.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: inventor is found by experimental study, Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are to a multiple huge sum of money
Belong to especially heavy metal cadmium and there is significant enriched character, normally can give birth in the soil of heavy-metal composite pollution
Long.The present invention utilizes Herba Cichorii and this patience of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy metal and enrichment characteristics just, it is directly planted
Plant the area in heavy-metal composite pollution, adopt by ripe plant is dug and process, to reach to repair a huge sum of money
Belong to the purpose of combined contamination soil.Due to Herba Cichorii and the oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers strong adaptability to soil, grow vigorous, on the ground
Part is flourishing, and Biomass is big, and drought-resistant ability is strong, and growth scope is relatively wide, and cultivation is relatively simple, and administration fee is low,
By the post-treatment of cutting being processed the resource that can obtain higher-value, can be while pollution administration
Obtain certain income, it is achieved limit is repaired, the purpose of lateral dominance.Therefore, the present invention is a soil huge sum of money
The phytoremediation technology belonging to combined pollution develops new plant resource variety and restorative procedure, utilizes heavy metal
The plantation of contaminated soil produces economic benefit, no matter from ecological point, or from economics point all by tool
There is important realistic meaning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that cadmium individual plant is extracted macroanalysis figure by Herba Cichorii in present example-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cropping pattern.
Fig. 2 is that Herba Cichorii in present example-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cropping pattern is to Cadmium in Soil repairing effect analysis chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as this
The scope inventing above-mentioned theme is only limitted to following enforcement row.
Embodiment 1 pollutes mining soil repairing test
Test site is the farmland by heavy metal pollution, the Chenzhou, Hunan Province mining area, and this agricultural land soil is that heavy metal cadmium is dense
Degree is 1.44mg/kg, and wherein available Cd content is 0.73mg/kg.
The concrete practice is: by Herba Cichorii, (sunflower cultivars is G101, G104 and short major part, Herba Cichorii kind with oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
For general Herba Cichorii) carry out in heavy-metal composite pollution area with Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system by its natural trophophase
Field field planting, selects the adaptation soil of soil layer subsoiling, carries out the arable land of routine, fertilising, by Herba Cichorii and
Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is live in contaminated soil, carries out antifreezing measures in seedling stage, follow-up pest management and field moisture in the soil
Feelings manage, and in time topdress.
Sampling is after Second Year oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is gathered in.Agriculture is polluted in above-mentioned Chenzhou heavy metals mining area for examination soil collecting
Field plantation Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ground, field is anhydrous.Sampling depth is 0～30cm.Use multidraw, mixing
Soil sample is made up of more than 3 distributed points samples.After pedotheque is fetched, soil block is crushed, removing undesirable root,
Foreign material, are paved into thin layer, often stir；At place shady and cool, clean, pollution-free natural air drying；Air-dry soil sample to use
Perspex bar or wooden stick crushing, cross 80 mesh nylon mesh, survey background values by Microwave Digestion.Farmland is adopted back
Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plant sample, first thoroughly clean up the earth on plant surface with tap water, it is impossible to residual
Some soil；Each position of plant body being separated, Herba Cichorii is divided into root and leaf again, oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers be divided into root, stem,
Leaf, flower and fruit；With deionized water, plant parts is cleaned 3 times, after draining away the water, loads Envelope bag,
Put into baking oven；First complete 2 hours at 105 DEG C, be then adjusted to 60 DEG C and dry 48 hours.The plant being baked does
Sample processes with sample digestion procedure after pulverizing with pulverizer, according to heavy metal concentration in sample and instrument
Low detection limits the use of ICP-OES and measures heavy metal concentration in sample.
Result of the test is as follows:
From table 1 below, in Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system, the accumulation effect of Herba Cichorii heavy metal cadmium is very
Substantially, seedling stage, cadmium content was 9.34mg/kg, and concentration coefficient is 6.03.Period of maturation root and aerial parts cadmium
Content is respectively 20.51mg/kg and 23.67mg/kg, and aerial parts content is higher than root；Concentration coefficient
It is respectively 13.23 and 15.27.Crop rotation oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers after Herba Cichorii harvesting at the beginning of 5 months, divides at trophophase and period of maturation
Other sampling analysis, result shows, increases over time, and in oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers body, each position cadmium content is increasing trend,
Period of maturation each position cadmium content is all at more than 1.45 times of trophophase.The position that period of maturation cadmium content is the highest is
Root, leaf and sarcocarp, cadmium content is respectively 5.57mg/kg, 3.72mg/kg and 3.18mg/kg.This examination
Test middle oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and the absorbability of cadmium is not so good as Herba Cichorii, may be relevant with effective cadmium content of soil and growing environment.
This test shows, the Biomass of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers straw is relatively big, notable to the absorbability of cadmium.Therefore Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers wheel
Operation mode can be used for Pb and the phytoremediation of cadmium combined pollution soil.
Table 1 Herba Cichorii and the oil Biomass (dry weight) of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and cadmium concentration, concentration coefficient (unit: mg/kg)
As shown in Figure 1, in Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system, two kinds of crops are the biggest to the extracted amount of cadmium.
Wherein, oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is better than Herba Cichorii to the individual plant extraction effect of cadmium, but owing to oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Aboveground Biomass of Young is big, strain
Average height reaches 175cm, and therefore the cadmium extraction total amount of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is the biggest.
As shown in Figure 2, Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system is to the repairing effect of Cadmium Pollution in Soils clearly.Wherein
Cadmium in Soil total amount background values is 1.44mg/kg, and after reparation, cadmium total amount is reduced to 1.16mg/kg, and remediation efficiency is
18.71%.Before repairing, Cadmium in Soil bio-available Zn concentration is 0.73mg/kg, and after reparation, available Cd content is reduced to
0.58mg/kg, remediation efficiency is 20.55%.Demonstrate Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system to soil heavy metal cadmium
Extractability, show the Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system huge reparative potential to Cadmium Pollution in Soils.
Economic benefit: chicory leaf leafage phase crude protein content 22.87%, initial bloom stage crude protein content is 14.73%,
Average 17%, thick protein per mu yield reaches 250 kilograms.Initial bloom stage 2.l% Han crude fat, crude fibre 30.6%.
Amino acid content enriches, and 9 kinds of essential amino acids content of leafage phase are higher than alfalfa meal, vitamin, Radix Dauci Sativae
Element, calcium content enrich.Herba Cichorii good palatability, utilization rate is high, pig horse cattle, the equal eating of chicken and duck goose.Every year may be used
Cradle 4-6 time, fresh careless 1.5 ten thousand kilograms of per mu yield, equivalent 2200 kilograms of Radix Glycyrrhizae.Sunflower oil oil yield is high, and
And the content of unsaturated fatty acid is significantly larger than soybean oil, Oleum Brassicae campestris, Oleum Arachidis hypogaeae semen, Oleum Gossypii semen, it is referred to as " protecting
Strong nutritional oil ".Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers period of duration is short, and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers adaptability is very strong, can extensive cultivation slightly plant, and typically sow in spring 100-110
My god, summer sowing 85-90 days, and date of seeding, is long, all can sow from late March to mid or late July；Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is average
Per mu yield 300-450 kilogram.
Show based on the above results:
(1) Herba Cichorii in this cropping pattern and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers have the absorption and accumulation ability that heavy metal cadmium is good.Its
Middle Herba Cichorii aerial parts is suitable to individual plant extractability and the oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of cadmium, and the oil total extracted amount of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers individual plant is more than Herba Cichorii.
(2) this cropping pattern is satisfactory for result to the actual repair of soil heavy metal cadmium.
(3) comprehensively analyzing Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cropping pattern, Herba Cichorii extracts the effect of heavy metal cadmium does not has oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers good,
But regeneration power is strong, utilizes the time long, within 1 year, can cut 4-6 time, and per mu yield is up to more than 1.5 ten thousand kilograms and drought-enduring
Power is strong, requires soil not tight, and all kinds of geology all can be planted；And oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growing way is the most carefully, aerial parts
Biomass is the biggest, it is possible to the heavy metal amount taken away is the biggest, and its seed oil content is high, can stir-fry and eat, also may be used
Oil expression, for important oil crop.The standard of food safety can be reached after heavy metal detoxification treatment,
And economic benefit is the highest.Therefore, use Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers cropping pattern in heavy metal cadmium reparation and economic benefit side
Face all can obtain the effect attracted people's attention.
Claims (5)
1. the method utilizing Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution, its feature exists
In: the method is that with Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system, Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are planted in a huge sum of money according to its natural trophophase
Belong in combined contamination soil, carry out conventional cultivation, by Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in Natural growth process to a huge sum of money
Belong to the absorption accumulation ability of cadmium thus remove the heavy metal cadmium of excess in soil.
2. one as claimed in claim 1 utilizes Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium dirty
The method of dye, it is characterised in that: described Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system refers to that Herba Cichorii is in JIUYUE plantation the previous year；
After Herba Cichorii is gathered in continuously, in planting oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers the Second Year 5-8 month, after oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvesting, continue plantation chrysanthemum in JIUYUE
Lettuce, in this order repetitive operation.
3. one as claimed in claim 2 utilizes Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium dirty
The method of dye, it is characterised in that: the kind of described oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is G101, G104 and short major part；Herba Cichorii kind is
General Herba Cichorii.
4. one as claimed in claim 2 utilizes Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium dirty
The method of dye, it is characterised in that: described Herba Cichorii and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers equal normal growth in heavy-metal composite pollution soil,
Going management, Herba Cichorii per mu yield 1.5 ten thousand kilograms according to the way to manage of high yield field, oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers per mu yield 300-450 is public
Jin.
5. one as claimed in claim 2 utilizes Herba Cichorii-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rotation system repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium dirty
The method of dye, it is characterised in that: described Herba Cichorii aerial parts is to the individual plant extractability of cadmium and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers overground part
Split-phase is worked as, but the oil total extracted amount of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers individual plant is more than Herba Cichorii.
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| CN108114977A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-05 | 北京东方复地环境科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize super enriching plant and the method in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation |
| CN108787724A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-13 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of combined plant restorative procedure of cadmium pollution soil repair |
| CN109772881A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-21 | 韶关学院 | A method of Cd-polluted farmland soil is repaired and efficiently utilized using fragrant plant |
| CN109892180A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-18 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | The method of Phytolacca acinosa and rice crop rotation cadmium pollution soil repair |
| CN110063224A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of In Cadmium Polluted Area spring open country watermelon-autumn corn safety in production rotation system |
| CN112114113A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Agricultural product heavy metal risk assessment method based on soil-crop system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108114977A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-05 | 北京东方复地环境科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize super enriching plant and the method in the quick restoring cadmium polluted arable land of energy-source plant crop rotation plantation |
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| CN109892180A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-18 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | The method of Phytolacca acinosa and rice crop rotation cadmium pollution soil repair |
| CN109772881A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-21 | 韶关学院 | A method of Cd-polluted farmland soil is repaired and efficiently utilized using fragrant plant |
| CN109772881B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2021-11-05 | 韶关学院 | Method for restoring farmland soil polluted by cadmium by utilizing aromatic plants and efficiently utilizing cadmium |
| CN110063224A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of In Cadmium Polluted Area spring open country watermelon-autumn corn safety in production rotation system |
| CN110063224B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-07-09 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Safe production rotation mode for watermelons and autumn sweet corns in spring open field in cadmium-polluted area |
| CN112114113A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Agricultural product heavy metal risk assessment method based on soil-crop system |
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