CN103639183B - Method for restoring heavy-metal-contaminated soil by utilizing oil sunflower planting - Google Patents
Method for restoring heavy-metal-contaminated soil by utilizing oil sunflower planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103639183B CN103639183B CN201310711898.9A CN201310711898A CN103639183B CN 103639183 B CN103639183 B CN 103639183B CN 201310711898 A CN201310711898 A CN 201310711898A CN 103639183 B CN103639183 B CN 103639183B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring heavy-metal-contaminated soil by utilizing oil sunflower planting. The method comprises the following steps of planting oil sunflower in the heavy-metal-contaminated soil according to a natural growing period, and conventionally culturing the oil sunflower. The oil sunflower rapidly grows and has strong root systems, biomass of the overground part of oil sunflower is large, the oil sunflower is drought-resisting and barren-resisting property, has strong tolerance and enrichment property to heavy metal, can grow normally in the heavy-metal-contaminated soil and no obvious poison symptoms appear. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the selected oil sunflower can absorb and accumulate a large quantity of multiple heavy metals, and particularly, the contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd and As in the plant reach a high enrichment level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation technology of heavy-metal contaminated soil, be specifically related to a kind of utilize oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plant repair by the method for heavy metal Cd contaminated soil.
Background technology
The phytoremediation (Pyhtoremetiation) of heavy-metal contaminated soil refers to be removed by botanical system and root system thereof, volatilizees or heavy metal contaminants in stable soil environment, or the heavy metal toxicity in reduction pollutant, remove pollution to reaching, repair or administer a kind of technology for the purpose of soil.If within 2003, adopt indoor cultivation castor-oil plant, sunflower, these three kinds of crop seedlings of corn to the removal effect of the cadmium in water body as given great waves, analysis shows, the cauline leaf of its seedling is very good for cadmium enrichment accumulation effect, the phytoremediation proposing to select some traditional crop seedlings to carry out cadmium pollution in environment water has a good application prospect, and therefore phytoremediation will be a large research theme for the soil remediation of heavy metal pollution.Guo Ping, Liu Chang in 2007 etc. adopt the result of indoor cultivation Sunflower Seedlings to Cu, Pb accumulation ability and tolerance to show that Sunflower Seedlings has very strong accumulation ability to Pb, Cu, and root is main enrichment organ, and Cu is greater than Pb by root to cauline leaf transport capacity.Experiment proves, sunflower has stronger accumulation ability for heavy metal, has good effect for restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.But the heavy metal of sunflower seed does not still have simply, the processing method of low cost.We have accumulated rich experience for the heavy metal in process vegetable oil.Therefore we are studied oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers as experimental subjects, the grease that the sunflower seeds of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers extracts, and can obtain the senior edible sunflower oil of low cholesterol, due to containing about 66% " linoleic acid ", be described as 21 century " health-nutrition oil ".Further, oilseed, through selecting appropriate solvent to extract, can remove the heavy metal in oil plant.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method utilizing oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to plant remediating heavy metal Cd contaminated soil is provided, the problems such as plant growth is slow, biomass is low, absorption and accumulation total metals is few to solve in existing remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, only have patience and accumulation ability to single heavy metal, do not have good economic benefit, practical application effect is poor, also can obtain safe edible oil by the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of processing harvesting simultaneously.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of method utilizing oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to plant remediating heavy metal Cd contaminated soil, be characterized in: oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 or oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G104 is planted in heavy metal Cd contaminated soil according to its self-sow phase, carry out conventional cultivation, remove heavy metal Cd excessive in soil by the absorption accumulation ability of heavy metal Cd in its Natural growth process.
What the soil of heavy metal combined pollution of the present invention adopted is plant restoration method, and the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers be planted in heavy-metal composite pollution soil is the plant that heavy metal has super patience, and heavy metal has very strong accumulation ability.This oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can absorb a large amount of heavy metals from soil, and along with the growth of plant, the increasing of Aboveground Biomass of Young, the total amount of its heavy metal accumulation also increases thereupon.
What select in the present invention is oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 and G104 two kinds, and being hybrid oil-sunflower, is annual herb plant, is that composite family oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers belongs to, high 1-3 rice, and stem is upright, sturdy; Drought-enduring, fruit sunflower seeds can be produced, all have cultivation all over the world.Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers well developed root system, biomass is large, and rapidly, drought resisting is barren-resistant, and tolerance and the enrichment performance of heavy metal are all stronger in growth.
Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can carry out field field planting in heavy-metal composite pollution area, selects the adaptation soil of soil layer subsoiling, carries out conventional arable land, fertilising, by live for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in contaminated soil, carry out antifreezing measures in seedling stage, follow-up pest management, and the management of field soil moisture content, in time topdress.Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy-metal composite pollution soil, and go management according to the way to manage of high yield field, the 5-8 month can plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and breeding time is about 90 days, and per mu yield is at 300-350 kilogram.
The results showed, certain herbaceous plants with big flowers all can normally grow oil in contaminated soil, there is not obvious poisoning symptom, do not affect the output of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and because of its Aboveground Biomass of Young large, can a large amount of various heavy of absorption and accumulation, heavy metal Cu, the Cd content in plant is apparently higher than soil background values, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers has significant enriched character to heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd, As.The present invention makes full use of patience and the enriched character of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy metal, be planted in the area of heavy-metal composite pollution, heavy metal in absorption and accumulation soil, by adopting digging of ripe plant and process, namely oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers maturation assigns to extract the heavy metal in soil by harvesting processing overground part afterwards, to reach the object reducing Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils content, remediating heavy metal combined contamination soil, and the extraction oil quality obtained from oil sunflower meets national edible safety standard.
Because oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is to the strong adaptability of soil, grow vigorous, aerial part is flourishing, biomass is large, drought-resistant ability is strong, and growth scope is comparatively wide, cultivates simpler, administration fee is low, its economy, medical value are very high, can be widely used in medicine and civilian industry, and its economic utilization mode can avoid again heavy metal to reenter food chain, because Aboveground Biomass of Young is very large, a large amount of heavy metals can be taken away.Can reach the standard of food security after heavy metal detoxification treatment, economic benefit is very high.Therefore, the present invention is that the phytoremediation technology of soil heavy metal combined pollution develops new plant resource variety and restorative procedure, utilize the plantation of heavy-metal contaminated soil to produce economic benefit, no matter from ecological point, or all will have important practical significance from economics point.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the content of Cu in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the content of Cu in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G104 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the content of Pb in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the content of Pb in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G104 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the content of Cd in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the content of Cd in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G104 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the content of As in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the content of As in each position of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G104 different times in the embodiment of the present invention.
In above-mentioned each figure, the gauge block that respectively contains in florescence and maturity period represents root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit from left to right successively.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following implementation column.
Embodiment 1 pollutes mining soil repairing test
Test site is the farmland of Chenzhou, Hunan Province mining area by heavy metal pollution, and this agricultural land soil is the combined contamination soil of heavy metal Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and the background values of heavy metal-polluted soil is in table 1.
The background values of table 1 heavy metal in soil
| Cu | Zn | Pb | Cd | As | Hg |
| 82.04 | 394.96 | 611.44 | 9.99 | 457.88 | 1.63 |
The concrete practice is: 5-6 month, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is carried out field field planting in heavy-metal composite pollution area, select the adaptation soil of soil layer subsoiling, carry out conventional arable land, fertilising, by live for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in contaminated soil, carry out antifreezing measures in seedling stage, follow-up pest management, and the management of field soil moisture content, in time topdress.
For examination soil collecting in Chenzhou heavy metals mining area polluted agricultural land, field is anhydrous.Sampling depth is 0 ~ 30cm.Adopt multidraw, mixed soil sample is by more than 3 distributed points sample compositions.The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plant sample that farmland is adopted back, first thoroughly cleans up with the earth of running water by plant just face.Plant body is divided into root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit.After pedotheque is fetched, crushed by soil block, removing undesirable root, foreign material, be paved into thin layer, often stir.At shady and cool, clean, pollution-free place natural air drying.Air-dry soil sample perspex bar or wooden stick crush, and cross 80 order nylon mesh, survey background values by Microwave Digestion.By deionized water, plant parts is cleaned 3 times, after draining away the water, load Envelope bag, put into baking oven.First complete 2 hours at 105 DEG C, dry 48 hours at being then adjusted to 60 DEG C.The plant dry sample pulverizer be baked uses the process of sample digestion procedure after pulverizing, and per sample, heavy metal concentration and instrument lowest detection limit the use of heavy metal concentration in graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometer method working sample.
Result is from Fig. 1-Fig. 8, and heavy metal Cu, Pb, Cd, As increase at the content at each position all gradually along with the growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.Two kinds of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are all fine to the concentration effect of Cu, especially the content in the root in maturity period and leaf has all exceeded 100mg/kg, much larger than the background values of soil, content wherein in root reaches 156.34mg/kg and 135.79mg/kg respectively, and the enrichment condition of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy metal Cu is: root > leaf > flower > fruit > stem.The maturity period oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers root the highest to As content has 70-80mg/kg, is secondly cauline leaf, flower and fruit.The concentration effect of Cd in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is best, and from flowering period, the concentration in the root of two kinds oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and leaf is just apparently higher than the background values of soil Cd, and leaf > root; In the leaf of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of maturity period two kinds, the content of Cd is up to 47.1mg/kg and 35mg/kg, the content of root is respectively 45.4mg/kg and 25.75mg/kg, it is several times of soil background values, illustrate that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers has very strong accumulation ability to Cd, its accumulation is: leaf > root > flower > stem > fruit.
Therefore, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers selected in the present invention can a large amount of various heavy of absorption and accumulation, particularly for content in plant of heavy metal Cu, Pb, Cd, As apparently higher than soil background values, reach the level of enrichment.And the cultivation of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is comparatively simple, and growth rapidly, well developed root system, Aboveground Biomass of Young is very large, and drought resisting is barren-resistant, tolerance and the enrichment performance of heavy metal are all stronger, normally can grow, do not occur obvious poisoning symptom in the soil of heavy metal pollution.
The oil sunflower organic solvent for sunflower cultivars G101 and G104 of two in the phytoremediation technology of heavy-metal contaminated soil selected in the present invention is extracted, the content of beary metal of the edible oil obtained the results are shown in following table 2, all in state control critical field, (GB2716-2005 specifies As≤0.1mg/Kg not exceed the national oily content of beary metal mark set, Pb≤0.1mg/Kg), the oil therefore utilizing the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal to squeeze out can be used safely.
Table 2 oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101, G104 oil expression content of beary metal (unit mg/Kg)
| Cu | Pb | Cd | As | |
| Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G104 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Claims (4)
1. the method utilizing oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to plant remediating heavy metal Cd contaminated soil, it is characterized in that: oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101 or G104 is planted in heavy metal Cd contaminated soil according to its self-sow phase, carry out conventional cultivation, remove heavy metal Cd excessive in soil by the absorption accumulation ability of heavy metal Cd in its Natural growth process.
2. a kind of method utilizing oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to plant remediating heavy metal Cd contaminated soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers normal growth in heavy metal Cd contaminated soil, Aboveground Biomass of Young is large, and the heavy metal amount taken away is large.
3. a kind of method utilizing oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to plant remediating heavy metal Cd contaminated soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers was planted in the 5-8 month, breeding time is about 90 days, manages according to the way to manage of high yield field.
4. a kind of method utilizing oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to plant remediating heavy metal Cd contaminated soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers per mu yield is 300 ~ 350 kilograms, its seed oil content is high, and after heavy metal Cd detoxification treatment, the food oil of acquisition reaches the standard of food security.
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| CN104772327A (en) * | 2015-03-07 | 2015-07-15 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal-contaminated soil by using oilseed rape-oil sunflower crop rotation technology |
| CN106993455A (en) * | 2016-01-24 | 2017-08-01 | 湖南活力种业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of composite family oil crops certain herbaceous plants with big flowers |
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| CN106001099A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 湖南农业大学 | Method of repairing heavy metal polluted soil by using peanut-oil sunflower crop rotation mode |
| CN108284122A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-17 | 常州大学 | A kind of restorative procedure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution |
| CN108555008A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-21 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of method of repairing heavy metal in soil cadmium pollution |
| CN108994057B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-01-15 | 南华大学 | Method for reducing heavy metal content in sunflower seeds |
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