CN110026420A - A method of cadmium slight pollution farmland is repaired using wheat - Google Patents
A method of cadmium slight pollution farmland is repaired using wheat Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat, this method comprises: in the autumn in the first year, cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired is turned over and site preparation simultaneously applies heavy metal conditioner in soil to be repaired together with base manure；After site preparation, it is to raise the wheat seed of wheat 22 to be sown into soil to be repaired by kind, carries out cultivation management；When wheat growth is between boot stage and pustulation period, blade face resistance control agent is sprayed to wheat leaf blade；At the beginning of the summer in the second year, after wheat is mature, wheat is harvested.The method of the present invention filters out the wheat of certain species, and heavy metal conditioner and blade face is cooperated to hinder the application of control agent, improves wheat to the assimilation effect of cadmium in cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired, and then improve the repairing effect of soil to be repaired.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy metal pollution of soil phytoremediation technology field more particularly to a kind of utilization wheat reparation cadmium are light
Spend the method for polluted agricultural land.
Background technique
In recent years, along with industrialization and economic fast development, heavy metal pollution of soil problem is increasingly prominent in China.
According to the Chinese second national land investigations in Environment Protect in China portion 2014 the results show that China there are about 19.4% agricultural soil
Ground is contaminated, wherein " light contamination ", " slight pollution ", " intermediate pollution " and " serious pollution " is respectively 13.7,2.8,1.8 Hes
1.1%.Cadmium can be absorbed by crops as one of five poisonous creatures: scorpion, viper, centipede, house lizard, toad heavy metal element, then accumulate in edible part, so that it is raw to influence crop
It is long, cause yield and quality to decline.Meanwhile cadmium can enter human body by food chain again, the liver and kidney to human body cause slowly
Property damage.
Currently, the method for traditional heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation is physics and chemical method, mainly there are electric driving method, solidification
Method, soil improvement by importing soil from other places, freezing method, chemical leaching method, ion-exchange and chelating method etc..These methods can efficiently, slewing moves
The problems such as shifting heavy metal ions in soil achievees the purpose that removal, but generally existing cost is too high, secondary pollution is serious, it is difficult
Large-scale application.Phytoremediation technology mainly utilizes hyperaccumulative plant pair as a kind of efficient, novel, environmentally friendly remedial measure
Heavy metal in soil extracts, absorbs, converts and fixes etc. and play the effect of cleaning soil, and low in cost and environment can
Continue.However, the limitation that biomass that the application of phytoremediation nevertheless suffers from hyperaccumulative plant is low, rehabilitation cost is high etc..
In recent years, another method for reducing the risk that heavy metal-polluted soil enters food chain is that the low additive gene type of screening is made
Object thereby may be ensured that the heavy metal of the edible part accumulation reduced levels of the crop grown in contaminated soil, and
Reach the level of safe edible.
" repairing in production " is a kind of plant for meeting China's fundamental realities of the country that China researcher puts forward in recent years
Reclamation activities, be by ultraproduct it is tired/enriching plant and low accumulation crop combination at crop rotation or intercropping and interplanting system, thus not stopping just
Under the premise of normal agricultural production, the safely and efficiently phytoremediation new technology of repairing polluted soil.Therefore, low accumulation is correctly screened
Genotype crop, auxiliary with effective enhancements, can improve ultraproduct it is tired/enriching plant absorb and accumulation pollutant it is same
When, continue the low intracorporal pollutant load of accumulation crop for reducing crop rotation therewith, work or interplanting, makes its edible part pollutant
Content is not exceeded, thus ensureing the phytoremediation for completing contaminated soil while crop safety production.
Wheat possesses widest cultivated area in the world as most important cereal crops, provides about 20% for the mankind
The energy and protein.Global wheat total output is about 7.28 hundred million tons within 2015, is only second to corn.China is not only Wheat Production
Maximum country, and consumption maximum country, agricultural land is about 24,000,000 hm2, cover national 30 provinces.
Therefore, it is produced on the soil by the technology mode of " being repaired in production " to guarantee heavy metal cadmium slight pollution
The safe edible of wheat is imperative.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat, this method can ensure wheat
Under the premise of safety in production, the phytoremediation of cadmium pollution soil is completed, repairing effect is significant, realizes the mesh repaired in production
's.
Specific technical solution is as follows:
A method of cadmium slight pollution farmland is repaired using wheat, comprising:
(1) in the autumn in the first year, cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired is turned over and site preparation, it is same in this
When, heavy metal conditioner is applied together with base manure in soil to be repaired；
(2) after site preparation, it is to raise the wheat seed of wheat 22 to be sown into soil to be repaired by kind, carries out cultivation management；
(3) when wheat growth is between boot stage and pustulation period, blade face resistance control agent is sprayed to wheat leaf blade；
(4) at the beginning of the summer in the second year, after wheat is mature, wheat is harvested.
Innovation of the invention is: filtering out the wheat of certain species, and heavy metal conditioner and blade face is cooperated to hinder
The application of agent is controlled, improves wheat to the assimilation effect of cadmium in cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired, and then improve repairing for soil
Multiple effect.
Further, cadmium concentration is 0.3~0.6mg/kg in the cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil.
Further, in step (1), based on mass fraction, the heavy metal conditioner by following usage ratio component
Composition: organic fertilizer 60~70% and quick lime 30~40%.
The organic fertilizer is Swine manure.
Further, the amount of application of the heavy metal conditioner is 250~350kg/ mus.
Further, the compound fertilizer that the mass ratio that the base manure is N:P:K is 16:16:8, amount of application are 30~40kg/
Mu；Period of seedling establishment imposes 15~25kg/ mus of urea again.
Further, in step (2), the application rate of the wheat is 10~20kg/ mus.
Further, in step (3), blade face resistance control agent is nanometer zinc fertilizer；
It is calculated in mass percent, the nanometer zinc fertilizer is by the corn palm oil nano-emulsion that concentration is 5~8g/L, 4~5g/
The ZnSO of L4·7H 2O and water mix；The micellar particle size of the nanometer zinc fertilizer is 1~4nm.
Further, the amount of spraying of the blade face resistance control agent is 45~55L/ mus；It sprays weekly once, sprays altogether three times.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method for the present invention filters out the wheat of certain species, and heavy metal conditioner and blade face is cooperated to hinder applying for control agent
Enter, improves wheat to the assimilation effect of cadmium in cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired, and then improve the reparation of soil to be repaired
Effect.
(2) the method for the present invention is compared with traditional physical chemistry restorative procedure, low in cost, technically simple, operation is easy,
Secondary pollution will not be brought in repair process, be a kind of environmental-friendly green in-situ recovery technique, be suitable for promoting and applying.
(3) low accumulation wheat is planted in the soil of heavy metal cadmium slight pollution by the present invention by its natural faming period；It is auxiliary
The measures such as soil passivation adjustment and blade face resistance control fortification are helped, not only ensure wheat seed safety in production, but also improve small
Wheat yield.
(4) on the one hand the method for the present invention can not interrupt the agricultural production of mild or moderate heavy metal cadmium soil, while not
The main crops production for changing area to be repaired, has well solved the Utilizing question of mild or moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil；Separately
On the one hand the grain of harvest can guarantee its safety, so that mild or moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil generates one in repair process
Fixed economic benefit is really realized and is repaired in production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the result figure for the wheat yield that 1 method of embodiment obtains.
Fig. 2 is the result figure of the wheat yield of different cultivars in 2 method of embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the result figure of the wheat seed Cd concentration of different cultivars in 2 method of embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the result figure of the wheat overground part Cd accumulation of different cultivars in 2 method of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail With reference to embodiment.But this should not be interpreted as in the present invention
The range for stating theme is only limitted to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
One, test site and soil physico-chemical property
Using the farmland positioned at the heavy metal pollution of Huzhou City somewhere as experimental plot, main pollutant is Cd in soil, is put down
Equal concentration is 0.61mg/kg；Soil pH value is 4.98 (water: soil=1:2.5), organic carbon content 49.87g/kg, cation friendship
The amount of changing (CEC) is 21.30cmol/kg, total nitrogen content 0.92mg/kg, available phosphorus content 34.56mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content
For 92.55mg/kg.
Two, test procedure
(1) wheat heavy metal conditioner is applied in soil to be repaired together with base manure, and turned over by Yu Dangnian October,
Wheat heavy metal conditioner selects GSA-4, dosage 16000kg/hm2；A herbicide is all played after turning over；
It is calculated in mass percent, the component and dosage of heavy metal conditioner GSA-4 is Swine manure 65% and quick lime
35%；；The compound fertilizer that the mass ratio that base manure is N:P:K is 16:16:8, amount of application are 35kg/ mus；Period of seedling establishment imposes 20kg/ again
The urea of mu；
(2) Yu Dangnian mid-November low accumulation wheat breed is raised into the sowing of wheat 22 on soil to be repaired；In wheat growth
In the process, it appropriate top dressing and carries out the field management measures such as weeding, preventing disease and pest；The application rate of the wheat is 15kg/ mus；
(3) when wheat growth is between boot stage and pustulation period, to foliage-spray, blade face resistance control agent is sprayed together with pesticide
It applies, nanometer zinc fertilizer is selected in blade face resistance control agent, is sprayed weekly once, and altogether twice, dosage is 50L/ mus per acre every time；
It is calculated in mass percent, the nanometer zinc fertilizer is the corn palm oil nano-emulsion of 7g/L, 5g/L by concentration
ZnSO 4·7H 2O and water mix；The micellar particle size of the nanometer zinc fertilizer is 3nm；
(4) at the beginning of second year 6 months, wheat is harvested.
Two processing are set, are respectively:
PCA processing (i.e. reparation area): it is planted using the method for above-mentioned steps (two)；
Blank control (i.e. blank area): wheat 22 is raised in plantation, carries out normal field management to it, other is not taken any to repair
Multiple measure.
Three, in soil and plant content of beary metal detection method
The acquisition of pedotheque: sampling depth is 0~20cm, using five point sampling, obtains mixed soil sample.Pedotheque
After fetching, large clod is broken into pieces, undesirable root, sundries is removed, is paved into thin layer, is placed in shady and cool calm, clean pollution-free place's nature
It air-dries.Soil sample after air-drying is crushed and levigate with rolling pin, crosses the nylon mesh of 20 mesh and 100 mesh, is used for soil physics and chemistry substantially
The measurement of matter and heavy metal-polluted soil full dose.
Before repairing and after repairing, the pedotheque for treating rehabilitating soil is acquired.
The acquisition of plant sample: after crop maturity, all plant samples first will remain in plant surface with tap water
Soil thoroughly cleans up；The each position of plant body is separated with scissors again, rape is divided into root, overground part and seed, the southeast
Red-spotted stonecrop is divided into root and overground part；The each position of the plant of separator well is cleaned 3 times with deionized water, is packed into envelope after draining away the water
Bag, is put into baking oven；First in 105 DEG C of 1 hours of water-removing, then it is adjusted to 65 DEG C and dries to constant weight.The plant sample being baked, with very much
One of balance claim its dry weight and record data；Then plant dry sample is crushed with Universalpulverizer, using HNO3/H2O2(5:1,v/
V) it digests, icp ms (ICP-MS) measure the concentration of cadmium.
Four, test result analysis:
As a result as shown in Fig. 1 and table 1, table 2.
As shown in Figure 1, in embodiment reparation mode, the wheat yield that second year harvests at the beginning of 6 months is 5350kg/ha, and
The wheat yield of blank test area harvest is 4126kg/ha.
The biomass and cadmium concentration at each position of 1 wheat of table, Cadmium accumulation amount
As shown in Table 1, each position dry weight size order of area's maturity period wheat is repaired are as follows: overground part > root > seed, mean value
Respectively 0.566kg/m2, 9.410g/m2And 5.350g/m2；And blank test area are as follows: overground part > root > seed, mean value
Respectively 0.430kg/m2, 5.920g/m2And 4.126g/m2。
That repairs each position heavy metal cadmium content in area shows themselves in that root > overground part > seed, and mean value is respectively 0.336mg/
Kg, 0.199mg/kg, 0.043mg/kg；And blank test area are as follows: root > overground part > seed, mean value are respectively 0.406mg/
Kg, 0.294mg/kg, 0.201mg/kg.
The case where repairing each position heavy metal cadmium accumulation amount in area are as follows: overground part > root > paddy, mean value are respectively
0.113mg/m2, 3.162 μ g/m2,0.230μg/m2；And blank test area are as follows: overground part > root > paddy, mean value are respectively
0.126mg/m2, 2.404 μ g/m2,0.829μg/m2。
2 wheat of table is to Cadmium in Soil repairing effect analytical table
| Soil Cd full dose (mg/kg) | Soil available cadmium content (mg/kg) | |
| Before reparation | 0.61 | 0.250 |
| After reparation | 0.58 | 0.213 |
| Remediation efficiency (%) | 5.6 | 14.8 |
As known to table 2, this reparation mode is obvious to the repairing effect of Northern Zhejiang area cadmium slight pollution soil.It is wherein native
The background values of earth cadmium full dose is 0.61mg/kg, and cadmium full dose is reduced to 0.58mg/kg, remediation efficiency 5.6% after reparation.It repairs
Preceding Cadmium in Soil bio-available Zn concentration is 0.250mg/kg, and available Cd content is reduced to 0.213mg/kg after reparation, and remediation efficiency is
14.8%.
After reparation, wheat seed cadmium content is 0.043mg/kg, lower than the regulation (wheat of the safe and healthy standard of state food
Seed < 0.1mg/kg), it is slight to show that this reparation mode can complete Northern Zhejiang area cadmium while ensureing crop safety production
The phytoremediation of contaminated soil.
Embodiment 2
One, test site and soil physico-chemical property
Using the farmland positioned at the heavy metal pollution of Huzhou City somewhere as experimental plot, main pollutant is Cd in soil, is put down
Equal concentration is 0.61mg/kg；Soil pH value is 5.03 (water: soil=1:2.5), organic carbon content 47.85g/kg, cation friendship
The amount of changing (CEC) is 20.87cmol/kg, total nitrogen content 0.94mg/kg, available phosphorus content 36.03mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content
For 91.30mg/kg.Two, test material
10 kinds of wheat breed planted extensively in experimental field location are selected, main includes raising wheat 22, new wheat 26, Yang Mai
23, Yang Mai 16 (omission of remaining kind).
Three, test procedure
(1) site preparation is carried out to test plot, marks off 12 experimental plots, drain ditch in the field shifts to an earlier date Yu Dangnian October
It carries out.Glyphosate is sprayed to weeds cauline leaf orientation, and applies base manure, (1. fertilizer formula N:P in trial zone2O5:K2O=16:16:
8；2. base manure amount of application: 36 kgs/acre) and turn over.
(2) Yu Dangnian mid-November the wheat seed of 4 kinds is sowed on soil to be repaired, each kind repeats 3
It is secondary, completely random arrangement；In wheat growth, appropriate top dressing and carry out the field management measures such as weeding, preventing disease and pest.
(3) at the beginning of second year 6 months, wheat is harvested.
Four, in plant content of beary metal detection method
With the detection method of plant content of beary metal in embodiment 1.
Five, test result analysis
As a result as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
By Fig. 2 it will be seen that there is biggish differences for wheat grain yield between different cultivars.Grain yield is most
High wheat breed is to raise wheat 23, is 6460.35kg/ha, minimum to differ 1.71 times for new wheat 26 for 3785.95kg/ha,
Average value is 5014.21kg/ha.
By Fig. 3 it will be seen that different cultivars wheat seed Cd concentration has biggish difference.The change of seed Cd concentration
Change range is 0.031 (new wheat 26)~0.137 (raising wheat 16) mg/kg, and the two differs 4.42 times.
By Fig. 4 it will be seen that accumulation of the different cultivars wheat overground part to Cd there is biggish differences.On the ground
Cd accumulation highest kind in portion's is to raise wheat 16 (5.262g/ha), and minimum kind is new wheat 26 (1.208g/ha), difference
4.36 again.
Comprehensive grain yield, seed Cd concentration and overground part Cd accumulation show preferably to produce as a result, raising wheat 22
Amount is horizontal, and (respectively 0.040mg/kg is lower than state food for higher overground part Cd accumulation and lower seed Cd concentration
0.1mg/kg as defined in safe and healthy standard).
Therefore, we select to raise wheat 22 as the low accumulation wheat product of Cd on the slight pollution soil for being suitble to Changxing
Kind, in the reparation for guaranteeing to complete slight pollution soil while grain security production.
Listed above is only specific example of the invention.Present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and acceptable there are many become
Shape.All deformations that those skilled in the art directly can export or associate from present disclosure, think
It is protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat characterized by comprising
(1) in the autumn in the first year, cadmium slight pollution agricultural land soil to be repaired is turned over and site preparation, simultaneously,
Heavy metal conditioner is applied together with base manure in soil to be repaired；
(2) after site preparation, it is to raise the wheat seed of wheat 22 to be sown into soil to be repaired by kind, carries out cultivation management；
(3) when wheat growth is between boot stage and pustulation period, blade face resistance control agent is sprayed to wheat leaf blade；
(4) at the beginning of the summer in the second year, after wheat is mature, wheat is harvested.
2. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cadmium is slight
Cadmium concentration is 0.3-0.6mg/kg in polluted farmland soil.
3. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1),
Based on mass fraction, the heavy metal conditioner is grouped as by the group of following usage ratio: organic fertilizer 60-70% and quick lime
30-40%.
4. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the heavy metal
The amount of application of conditioner is 250~350kg/ mus.
5. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the base manure is
The mass ratio of N:P:K is the compound fertilizer of 16:16:8, and amount of application is 30~40kg/ mus；Period of seedling establishment imposes 15~25kg/ mus again
Urea.
6. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2),
The application rate of the wheat is 10~20kg/ mus.
7. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3),
Blade face resistance control agent is nanometer zinc fertilizer；
It is calculated in mass percent, the nanometer zinc fertilizer is the corn palm oil nano-emulsion of 5~8g/L, 4~5g/L by concentration
ZnSO4·7H2O and water mix；The micellar particle size of the nanometer zinc fertilizer is 1~4nm.
8. the method for repairing cadmium slight pollution farmland using wheat as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that its feature exists
In the amount of spraying of the blade face resistance control agent is 45~55L/ mus；It sprays weekly once, sprays altogether three times.
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| CN112679271A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-04-20 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Wheat grain lead control agent and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN112931078A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Method for safely utilizing sedum-wheat intercropping and repairing cadmium-polluted soil |
| CN112931094A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-11 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Method for efficiently preventing and controlling cadmium pollution of wheat-corn crop rotation system |
| CN112958618A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-15 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Method for safely utilizing and repairing lead-cadmium combined polluted soil |
| CN115338253A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-11-15 | 山东农业大学 | Safe utilization method for farmland with light and medium cadmium pollution |
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Application publication date: 20190719 |