CN105594529A - Method for reducing content of cadmium in rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing content of cadmium in rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594529A CN105594529A CN201510961822.0A CN201510961822A CN105594529A CN 105594529 A CN105594529 A CN 105594529A CN 201510961822 A CN201510961822 A CN 201510961822A CN 105594529 A CN105594529 A CN 105594529A
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- cadmium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing the content of cadmium in rice. The method includes the steps that in farmland polluted by cadmium, tobaccos are planted in the first half year, and rice is planted in the second half year. A rice planting method includes the following steps that 1, biochar and a soil heavy metal passivant are mixed and scattered on the surface of soil of the farmland polluted by cadmium, then the biochar, the passivant and the soil are mixed to be even, after three days, a base fertilizer is applied, and rice is transplanted, wherein the amount of the adopted biochar is 50-150 kg/hm<2>, and the quantity of the adopted soil heavy metal passivant is 300-6,000 kg/hm<2>; 2, when the rice grows to be in the booting stage, water-solubility leaf silicon fertilizers are sprayed twice, wherein the spraying time interval of the water-solubility leaf silicon fertilizers is 5-7 days, and the quantity of the adopted water-solubility leaf silicon fertilizers is 1,500-6,000 ml/hm<2>. According to the method, the content of cadmium in rice is reduced through the combined effect of the biochar, the soil heavy metal passivant and the water-solubility leaf silicon fertilizers; the biochar serves as an effective component for reducing the content of cadmium in rice, raw materials of the biochar are easy to obtain, and cost is low; the content of cadmium in rice is further reduced through the biochar prepared from tobacco straw and waterflooding management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that reduces cadmium content in rice, belong to crops technical field of food safety control.
Background technology
Sensu lato heavy metal refers to the metal of relative density more than 5g/cm3. In environmental pollution field, we are a huge sum of moneyBelong to and be defined as the metallic element or the metalloid element that biology are had to overt toxicity, as lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, chromium,Nickel etc. In recent years, along with industrial and agricultural production develop rapidly and human living standard's raising, Industrial " three Waste " and cityThe random discharge of sanitary sewage rubbish, and the unreasonable use of the agricultural chemicals that contains heavy metal, chemical fertilizer, make heavy metal at soilIn content increase, cause the ecological environment problems such as soil productivity decline, pollution of agricultural products and environmental destruction. After thisFruit one is seriously to have hindered continuing and high-efficient development of agricultural production, the 2nd, and after the heavy metal in soil can be absorbed by plants, canEnrichment in plant, enters human body by food chain, in human body accumulation and do not decompose, once heavy metal is in human bodyIt is excessive to precipitate, and can cause people's headache, dizziness, insomnia, forgetful, arthralgia, even teratogenesis, carcinogenic etc.
Cadmium is one of the strongest and farmland the most general contaminated heavy metal of environment Poisoning, surpassed by the cultivated area of cadmium pollution in ChinaCross 1.4 ten thousand hm2, relate to 11 and economize 25 areas, cause nearly 1,500 ten thousand tons, contaminated grain, China is that rice is rawProduce and consumption big country, approximately have 60% population taking rice as staple food. Over nearly 20 years, the problem that in China's rice, cadmium content exceeds standardBecome increasingly conspicuous, the potential hazard consequence of cadmium rice is extremely severe. How to reduce cadmium content in rice, become current Rice Production urgentlyProblem to be solved. The Hu-nan's agriculture level of production is higher, and meanwhile agricultural pollution problem is also more and more serious, wherein a huge sum of moneyBelong to polluting and become the comprehensive important limit value factor that improves agricultural product quality and agricultural sustainable development of impact. Paddy rice be our provinceImportant is also the most large cereal crops, along with the fast development of our province urban and rural economies and improving constantly of resident living level, peopleAlso more and more higher to the requirement of rice quality. Thereby, improve rice quality and safe mass for ensureing health of people and liftingCompetitiveness in the international market, is of great immediate significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is, overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of crop rotation farmland low cost, environment friendGood, resources conservation and the combination that can effectively reduce Cd concentration of brown rice prevent and treat method, by reducing the cadmium content of rice, weaken a huge sum of moneyBelong to the enrichment of cadmium at human body.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of method that reduces cadmium content in rice is provided, and comprises the following steps:
(1) after being mixed with soil heavy metal passivant, charcoal spreads fertilizer over the fields the soil surface in cadmium pollution farmland, then with soilMix 3 days basal dressings more later, transplanting rice; The consumption of charcoal is 50-150kg/hm2, soil heavy metal passivantConsumption is 300-6000kg/hm2；
(2) treat to spray paddy growth to boot stage twice water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer, water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer spray the time intervalFor 5-7 days; The consumption of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer is 1500-6000mL/hm2。
Further, described charcoal is tabacco straw to be placed in to 400 DEG C-600 DEG C lowest temperature oxygen cracking 5-7h obtain.
Further, the Cadmium in Soil content in described cadmium pollution farmland is 0.3-1.0mg/kg.
Further, the pH value of the soil in described cadmium pollution farmland is 4.7-6.0.
Further, further, the composition of described soil heavy metal passivant is lime, and soil heavy metal passivant also canAdd the compositions such as fertilizer and adsorbent.
Further, in the time that the Cadmium in Soil content in described cadmium pollution farmland is 0.3-0.6mg/kg, soil heavy metal passivantConsumption is 300-1500kg/hm2, the consumption of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer is 1500-3000mL/hm2; When described cadmium pollution farmland soilWhen in earth, cadmium content is 0.6-1.0mg/kg, the consumption of soil heavy metal passivant is 3000-6000kg/hm2, water-soluble blade faceThe consumption of siliceous fertilizer is 3000-6000mL/hm2。
Further, paddy growth adopted wetting irrigation for paddy field (paddy field moisture to be approached saturated, but do not set up water layer to tillering stageIrrigation method), adopt the shallow irrigation of waterflooding 0.5-1.5cm tillering stage, long fringe phase to the maturity period adopts waterflooding 2-4cm darkWater is irrigated, and full ripe stage keeps ground moistening (soil moisture content 50-70%).
The present invention, by using charcoal+soil heavy metal passivant, sprays water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer, and coordinates waterflooding management to arrangeExecute, to reducing the concrete well prevention effect of cadmium content in paddy rice.
The technical scheme of the invention described above is mainly based on following principle:
Charcoal has higher pH and larger surface area, after being manured into soil, heavy metal is had to stronger adsorption capacity and higherAdsorption capacity, its surperficial oxygen-containing functional group also can with Cd2+Form complex compound, thus the cadmium in passivation soil. By addingSoil heavy metal passivant, can make the farmland pH value of acid mild or moderate cadmium pollution significantly improve, thereby makes the activity of agricultural land soilCadmium transforms to indissoluble state. Charcoal is used together with soil heavy metal passivant, can be played double technique and combine the good of control cadmiumEffect.
Spray water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer to rice leaf, can change the distribution of heavy metal in plant body, suppress heavy metal by paddy riceBlade, to the transport of rice grain, can effectively reduce the accumulation of the heavy metal cadmium of rice.
Different water management modes can exert an influence to rice growth process, also can affect the accumulation of paddy rice to cadmium simultaneously.Fe under the reducing condition of long-term waterflooding2+Deng metal ion and Cd2+Competitive Adsorption effect and S2-And Cd2+Co-precipitation doWith all strengthening, manage and can change agricultural land soil oxidation-reduction potential by moisture regulation, reduce Cadmium in Soil activity, finally reach and fallThe object of cadmium content in low paddy rice.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the method first utilizes the tobacco leaf of tobacco to remove the part cadmium in soil to the enrichment of cadmium,The enrichment degree of cadmium in tabacco straw is low can further make charcoal; The second half year, the activity of agricultural land soil was low, carry out tobacco andThe crop rotation of paddy rice can reduce the content of cadmium in rice effectively. By biomass carbon and soil heavy metal passivant, water-soluble leafThe acting in conjunction of face siliceous fertilizer reduces the content of cadmium in rice; Biomass carbon as can reduce cadmium content in rice effectivelyComponent, its raw material is easy to get, and cost is low; The biomass carbon and the waterflooding control measures that use tabacco straw to make all can be fallen furtherCadmium content in low rice.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection domain not thereby limiting the invention.
Select respectively tobacco-late rice crop rotation farmland, 3, county of zhuzhou,hunan city, wherein A is the highly acid soil of cadmium slight pollution,B is not by the acid soil of heavy metal cadmium, and C is the acid soil of cadmium slight pollution, and concrete soil background values and pH value are in Table1。
The background values of heavy metal and pH value information slip (unit: mg/kg) in the cadmium pollution soil of table 1 experimental plot
| Experimental plot | As | Hg | Cu | Pb | Zn | Cd | pH |
| A | 5.78 | 0.11 | 24.47 | 33.73 | 42.25 | 0.648 | 4.76 |
| B | 3.62 | 0.09 | 13.59 | 19.19 | 17.01 | 0.184 | 5.67 |
| C | 4.61 | 0.12 | 20.48 | 23.75 | 64.53 | 0.452 | 5.54 |
Embodiment experimental design:
In 3 experimental plot set handling fields and contrast field, process field and manage according to step of the present invention respectively, rightPractise normal management according to field according to locality.
The processing field management of the present embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: after the first half of the year, tobacco leaf gather in, remaining tabacco straw is unitedOne reclaims, and in 400 DEG C of-600 DEG C of temperature ranges, limits oxygen cracking 5h-7h to tabacco straw carbonization, cooling rear obtainedThe charcoal that material is used for the present invention. Being turned over before fertilising in experimental plot, by charcoal and soil heavy metal passivantEvenly spread fertilizer over the fields on light intermediate pollution agricultural land soil surface, then fully mix thoroughly, balance is used base manure for 3 days above again. Wherein testField A uses charcoal 100kg+ soil heavy metal passivant 3500kg/hm2, experimental plot B uses charcoal 100kg+ soilHeavy metal deactivator 1000kg/hm2, experimental plot C uses charcoal 100kg+ soil heavy metal passivant 2000kg/hm2. WaterRice sprays water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer twice after growing into boot stage, interval 5-7 days, the wherein consumption of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizerA, B, C totally 3 test processing fields are respectively 5000ml/hm2、3000ml/hm2, and 4000ml/hm2. 3 tests placeReason field all adopts same water management, and late rice adopts wetting irrigation for paddy field, tillering stage to adopt shallow irrigation early stage, and long phase fringe phase is to becomingThe ripe phase adopts Deep irrigation, and full ripe stage keeps ground moistening.
More than process field all consistent with chemical fertilizer, the applications of pesticide in contrast field, Brown Rice cadmium content adopts nitric acid-perchloric acid to mixClear up and measure with ICP-AES afterwards.
Can find out from testing result table 2, use 3 processing fields of the present invention to compare with not using the field that contrasts of the present invention,Its all decrease to some degree of brown rice cadmium content, particularly and pH value lower A experimental plot higher to cadmium content, it falls cadmiumRate has reached more than 50%. As can be seen here, the cadmium method of falling of the present invention has obvious effect to the late rice cadmium content that reduces crop rotation farmlandReally, there is good popularizing application prospect, can provide effective scientific theory and technology to prop up for the late rice safety in production in crop rotation farmlandHold.
Table 2 different tests field brown rice cadmium content (mg/kg of unit).
| Experimental plot | Contrast field brown rice cadmium content | Process field brown rice cadmium content | Cadmium rate is fallen |
| A | 0.784 | 0.379 | 51.66％ |
| B | 0.237 | 0.183 | 22.78％ |
| C | 0.415 | 0.257 | 38.07％ |
Claims (7)
1. a method that reduces cadmium content in rice, is characterized in that, in cadmium pollution farmland, plants tobacco the first half of the year, the second half year rice cultivation, the plantation of paddy rice comprises the following steps:
(1) spread fertilizer over the fields the soil surface in cadmium pollution farmland after charcoal is mixed with soil heavy metal passivant, then mix with soil, 3 days basal dressings more later, transplanting rice; The consumption of charcoal is 50-150kg/hm2, the consumption of soil heavy metal passivant is 300-6000kg/hm2；
(2) treat to spray paddy growth to boot stage twice water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer, the time interval that sprays of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer is 5-7 days; The consumption of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer is 1500-6000mL/hm2。
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described charcoal is tabacco straw to be placed in to 400 DEG C-600 DEG C lowest temperature oxygen cracking 5-7h obtain.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the Cadmium in Soil content in described cadmium pollution farmland is 0.3-1.0mg/kg.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the pH value of the soil in described cadmium pollution farmland is 4.7-6.0.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the composition of described soil heavy metal passivant is lime.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in the time that the Cadmium in Soil content in described cadmium pollution farmland is 0.3-0.6mg/kg, the consumption of soil heavy metal passivant is 300-1500kg/hm2, the consumption of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer is 1500-3000mL/hm2; In the time that in described cadmium pollution agricultural land soil, cadmium content is 0.6-1.0mg/kg, the consumption of soil heavy metal passivant is 3000-6000kg/hm2, the consumption of water-soluble foliage silicon fertilizer is 3000-6000mL/hm2。
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, paddy growth adopted wetting irrigation for paddy field, tillering stage to adopt the shallow irrigation of waterflooding 0.5-1cm to tillering stage, and long fringe phase to the maturity period adopts the Deep irrigation of waterflooding 2-4cm, and full ripe stage keeps ground moistening.
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106040740A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Method of reducing activity of cadmium in soil through effects of both improver and water flooding |
| CN106069427A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of method reducing Brown Rice cadmium content |
| CN106069429A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of method reducing semilate rice Cd concentration of brown rice |
| CN106111687A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-16 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The application in heavy-metal contaminated soil is improved of a kind of charcoal based composition and use thereof in packaging |
| CN106416860A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 合山市丰鑫农机专业合作社 | Rice planting method capable of reducing heavy metal content of rice |
| CN106471911A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-03-08 | 常州大学 | In a kind of reduction severe mercury pollution rice field, rice grain mercury content applies silicon method |
| CN106566557A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-04-19 | 东莞中科土壤科技开发有限公司 | Soil conditioner for reducing activity of heavy metals in soil, preparation method thereof, and method for reducing content of heavy metals in rice |
| CN107125071A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-05 | 湖南新九方科技有限公司 | Lead, cadmium, the method and its application of arsenic in a kind of suppression rice absorbing soil |
| CN107889705A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice base applies passivator drop living imposed with tillering stage and combining for iron fertilizer root control drops cadmium method |
| CN109548595A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-02 | 浙江大学 | A kind of semilate rice-wheat crop rotation method in cadmium slight pollution soil |
| CN109588218A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-04-09 | 湖南恒凯环保科技投资有限公司 | For reducing the implantation methods of crops mercury content |
| CN110026420A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-19 | 浙江大学 | A method of cadmium slight pollution farmland is repaired using wheat |
| CN110235721A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-17 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of soil management method and its application of Cd serious pollution paddy rice safety in production |
| CN110639946A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-01-03 | 绍兴市农业科学研究院 | Method for reducing heavy metal cadmium in plants |
| CN111213556A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-02 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method of rice for medium and light cadmium-polluted soil |
| CN111357591A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-03 | 环保桥(湖南)生态环境工程股份有限公司 | Safe utilization method of cadmium-arsenic composite polluted rice field |
| CN111436342A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-24 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for synergistically reducing chromium absorption during rice planting period by virtue of biological carbon coupling and water management |
| CN111937699A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-17 | 苏州市智惠岛农业科技有限公司 | Rice planting method capable of inhibiting heavy metals |
| CN112453044A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-03-09 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for inhibiting cadmium accumulation of rice in acid cadmium polluted soil in rice and wheat crop rotation |
| CN113508728A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-19 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for reducing cadmium and nickel content in rice |
| CN114223485A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 常德恒德农业科技有限公司 | Cadmium reduction method for rice |
| CN114885777A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for reducing cadmium absorption of rice |
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| CN111436342B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-15 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for synergistically reducing chromium absorption during rice planting period by virtue of biological carbon coupling and water management |
| CN111937699A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-17 | 苏州市智惠岛农业科技有限公司 | Rice planting method capable of inhibiting heavy metals |
| CN112453044A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-03-09 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for inhibiting cadmium accumulation of rice in acid cadmium polluted soil in rice and wheat crop rotation |
| CN113508728A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-19 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for reducing cadmium and nickel content in rice |
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