CN104193494A - Potato fertilizer with functions of sterilizing and disease resisting as well as preparation and using methods thereof - Google Patents
Potato fertilizer with functions of sterilizing and disease resisting as well as preparation and using methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104193494A CN104193494A CN201410368181.3A CN201410368181A CN104193494A CN 104193494 A CN104193494 A CN 104193494A CN 201410368181 A CN201410368181 A CN 201410368181A CN 104193494 A CN104193494 A CN 104193494A
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Abstract
The invention provides a potato fertilizer with the functions of sterilizing and disease resisting. The potato fertilizer comprises 50-75 parts by weight of base fertilizers obtained after mixing urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate in a ratio of 7 to 3 to 15, and is characterized by further comprising 2-4 parts by weight of microelement fertilizers obtained after mixing borax, zinc sulfate, prepared rhizome of rehmannia and oyster shells in a ratio of 1.5 to 1 to 2 to 1.5, 3-5 parts by weight of powder prepared from extracts of lightyellow sophora root, Chinese azalea flower, tobacco leaves, heartleaf houttuynia herb, artemisia scoparia and salvia chinensis, 10-15 parts by weight of plant ash, 3-5 parts by weight of modified starch, 2-4 parts by weight of alginate, 3-5 parts by weight of lignin, 6-8 parts by weight of potassium fulvate and 5-8 parts by weight of coating material, wherein the coating material is any one of sulfur coating, resin coating or urease inhibitor coating. The potato fertilizer is simple in proportioning, is convenient to use, has long curative effect duration, is slowly released, is comprehensive in nutrition and can effectively reduce the content of alkaloids in potatoes.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, relate in particular to a kind of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant and manufacture thereof, using method.
background technology:
Ingredient in potato: starch 9～20%, protein 1.5～2.3%, fat 0.1～1.1%, robust fibre 0.6～0.8%.Contained nutritive ingredient in 100g potato: heat 66～113J, calcium 11～60mg, phosphorus 15～68mg, iron 0.4mg～4.8mg, VitB1 0.03～0.07mg, riboflavin 0.03～0.11mg, nicotinic acid 0.4～1.1mg.Potato contains some poisonous alkaloids, is mainly solanine and chactomium globosum alkali, but generally through the high-temperature cooking of 170 DEG C, toxic substance will decompose.Potato is containing solanine (solanine), intoxicating composition is solanine (C45H73O15N), claims again potato toxin, and the potato of prematurity, livid purple skin or germination potato increase to 25～60mg containing black nightshade glucoside, even, up to 430mg, can cause acute poisoning so eat in a large number prematurity or germination potato.Wild potato toxicity is higher, and solanism can cause headache, diarrhoea, twitch, and stupor, even can cause death.But the potato toxicity of Common Cultivation is very low, seldom there is potato poisoning to occur.Cultivation potato generally contains alkaloid lower than 0.2 milligram/gram, generally exceedes 200 milligrams and just can cause intoxicating phenomenon, is equivalent to once eat up 1.4 kilograms of immature soil beans.
The fertilizer practice of potato should be followed taking farm manure as master, chemical fertilizer are as auxiliary, and base manure is principle main, that suitably topdress.Potato is tuber crops, likes loose sand loam soil, requires weather nice and cool.Base manure consumption generally accounts for the more than 2/3 of total rate of fertilizer application, and base manure, taking the farm manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed as main, enriches a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, and particularly phosphorus potassium fertilizer is made base manure, can improve like this physical properties of soil, is conducive to growth and knot potato.In base manure, nitrogen fertilizer amount accounts for 50%, and the application process of base manure is ditch spread or spread manuer in holes before plantation, dark 15 centimetres of left and right.Concrete rate of fertilizer application is the plot of 1500 kilograms of left and right of per mu yield, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500-2500 kilogram, and 20 kilograms, urea, general calcium 20-30 kilogram, potash fertilizer 10-12 kilogram, or the composite fertilizer 40-60 kilogram of high nitrogen and potassium type, prolific area rate of fertilizer application can suitably increase.Chemical fertilizer will impose on the centimeters from potato seed 2-3, avoids directly contacting with potato seed earthing after fertilising.Topdress and will carry out Rational Application in conjunction with potato growth period.Seedling Stage is wanted Nitrogen Top Dressing, can with urea 5-8 kilogram, water be watered and be executed in conjunction with every mu of cultivation and banking, is conducive to keep a full stand of seedings.After potato is bloomed, generally not carrying out rhizosphere topdresses, particularly can not Nitrogen Top Dressing, after potato is bloomed, mainly with foliage-spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, 50 kilograms of the potassium dihydrogen phosphates of every mu of foliage-spray 0.3-0.5%, if nitrogen stress, can increase 100-150 gram of urea, spray in every 10-15 days once, connects and sprays 2-3 time.Potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, if soil lacking boron or scarce zinc can, with borax or the zinc sulfate root outer spraying of 0.1-0.3%, generally every spray in 7 days once, connect and spray twice, every mu with solution 50-70 kilogram.Potato is happiness potassium crop, in balance fertilizing, will pay attention to especially using of potash fertilizer.Meanwhile, should not use too much chloride fertilizer, as Repone K, should select potassium sulfate, otherwise can affect potato quality.
Potato growth adaptability is stronger, can plant throughout the country, be 90-110 days general breeding time, 1000 kilograms of potatoes of every production, need absorbed nitrogen 3.5-5.5 kilogram, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0-2.2 kilogram, potassium (K2O) 10.6-12.0 kilogram, N:P2O5:K2O is 4.5:2.1:11.3, or 1:0.5:2.If 1500 kilograms of potatoes of per mu yield, need 7,3,17 kilograms of absorbed nitrogens, phosphorus, potassium average out to.Nitrogen can promote the accumulation of stem, leaf growth and tuber starch, protein.Phosphorus element promotes that plant fertility is healthy and strong, improves stem tuber quality and storage tolerance, increases starch content and output.Potassium element promotes the tuber starch accumulation in potato growth later stage, promotes the disease-resistant and tolerance to cold of plant.In addition, potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, and boron is conducive to potato piece and expands, and prevents be full of cracks, has special role to improving plant net photosynthesis productivity.
In view of the specific demand of potato to fertilizer, especially special to the demand of base manure, element with, common chemical fertilizer and fertilizer can not be directly applied for potato, therefore, have occurred some dedicated fertilizers for potato crop, as Chinese patent application 2009101621450 discloses a kind of potato chemical fertilizer specially and preparation method thereof, raw material and the weight percent of special fertilizer comprise: nitrogen 10-11 part, phosphorus element 6-7 part, potassium element 7-8 part and micro-fertile 1-2 part; Described preparation method comprises: according to above-described raw material and proportioning, each raw material is mixed, pulverized by proportioning, use comminution granulation again, make the potato fertilizer of described sterilization disease-resistant.For another example Chinese patent application 2009102382137 discloses a kind of compound fertilizer specially used for potato and preparation method thereof, comprise the saturated aqueous solution of zinc salts of organic acid saturated aqueous solution and organic acid calcium salt, the saturated aqueous solution of molysite, the saturated aqueous solution of boron-containing compound and tensio-active agent.For another example Chinese patent application 20,101,003 91721 discloses a kind of special compound fertilizer for potato and preparation method thereof, comprises 15-21% urea, 19-25% phosphoric acid diamines, this magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer of 15-21%, 15-21% calcium superphosphate, 21-27 Repone K; For another example the disclosed a kind of potato special nutritional fertilizer of Chinese patent application 2011104159865, urea 22-24 part; Monoammonium phosphate 15-17 part; Repone K 18-20 part; Zinc sulfate 4-6 part; Ammonium molybdate 4-6 part; Sodium Tetraborate 2-3 part; The ratio of bio-feritlizer 2-3 part mixes.Bio-feritlizer comprises human and animal excreta, and the fertile ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and live body specifically comprising is respectively: 25: 17: 14: 5.For another example Chinese patent application 2013101699521 discloses a kind of potato special fertilizer and preparation method thereof, is to be formed by straw decomposing thing, urea, potassium sulfate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, ten Sodium Tetraboratees, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate and water glass, nickelous nitrate and repellent mixing granulation.For another example Chinese patent application, 201310383459X discloses a kind of potato special fertilizer material and preparation method thereof, urea 12-14, calcium superphosphate 45-49, bicarbonate of ammonia 32-35, potassium sulfate 16-19, borax 3-4, Sodium orthomolybdate 4-5, manganous sulfate 2-3, zinc sulfate 2-3, soil conditioner 6-9, ground dolomite 12-15, weathered coal 21-24, peat composed of rotten mosses 12-15, nano-sized carbon 1-2, bean dregs 32-35, Oil of Eucalyptus 1-2; The present invention is micro-granulations such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and molybdenum, manganese, zinc, and has slow release effect.For another example Chinese patent application 2013104986212 discloses with a kind of potato special slow release-sustained-release fertilizer.This fertilizer comprises following active principle: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, urase-nitrification inhibitor and controlled release agent.Wherein, the mass parts of each component is as follows: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-40 part, diammonium phosphate 15-30 part, urase-nitrification inhibitor 0.2-0.6 part and controlled release agent 4-6 part.This fertilizer loses chemical fertilizer technology by urase/nitrated release controlled fertilizer technology and control and organically combines, performance synergy.This technology can make fertilizer slow release, can reduce again the loss that discharges nutrient, has slowly-releasing and control mistake double effects.In addition, control mistake material micro-nano network can also be controlled migration and the loss of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, can not only strengthen slow release effect, and can alleviate their loss to the pollution of environment.The present invention on the basis of existing technology, aims to provide a kind of proportioning simple, and easy to use, curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make the potato fertilizer of a kind of sterilization disease-resistant that potato alkaloid effectively reduces and manufacture thereof, using method.
summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming existing in prior art, provide a kind of proportioning simple, easy to use, curative effect is long, slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make the potato fertilizer of a kind of sterilization disease-resistant that potato alkaloid effectively reduces and manufacture thereof, using method.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, in, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, alginates 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-3 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, alginates 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 3-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, alginates 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Cultivated land, oyster shells are for being 80-120 order pulvis after grinding.
Pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, is specially:
Kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis are according to the ratio weighting raw materials of mass ratio 5:2:4:3:4:2, after adding and being soaked in water in container, adopt organic solvent extraction to extract 3 times, boiling is carried out in No. 3 extracting solutions merging together afterwards, decoct after thick and add starch, after being dried, after uv irradiating sterilization, obtain pulvis.
Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention discloses again a kind of preparation method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, operation in accordance with the following steps:
Film preparation is assisted in A, preparation: after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5:3:2, obtain mixture, this mixture is diluted with water to after mass percent 15-35%, must assist into film preparation;
B, the micro-fertile granulation that borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, oyster shells are obtained after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture become fertiliser granulates as fertile core, the outside film preparation of assisting into that sprays steps A gained of fertile core, on the pulvis of more fertile core being prepared in the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, roll across, the film preparation of assisting at surface sprinkling steps A gained again after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;
C, step B gains limit is sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time of rolling for one time one time, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is fertile core radius 2-3 times time only, is prepared into basic granules at the outside coating material that sprays of base manure;
D, fully mix rear for subsequent use with alginates after plant ash is crossed to 80-100 mesh sieve;
E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky step D gained mixture that rolls for one time one time, repeatable operation 2-3 time, the thickness that makes step D gained mixture is fertile core radius 1-2 times time only, sprays coating material and form the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant in the outside of step D gained mixture.
The diameter of the particle of the potato fertilizer of described sterilization disease-resistant is 5mm-30mm.
Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, and operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising when sowing, preferably the potato fertilizer of the sterilization disease-resistant of 30mm size, far away apart from seed 3-5cm when fertilising.
Advantage of the present invention is: proportioning is simple, easy to use, and curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make potato alkaloid effectively reduce.Be specially:
The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer but not slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer that adopts polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer conventionally, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with water molecules form, so except water molecule energy frees in and out in film, fertiliser granulates is completely with outside isolated, and nutrient is got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of water molecules, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore is set), only relevant with water molecules movement velocity, and the movement velocity of water molecules depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizer such as microorganism, pH value of soil is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, soon cause nutrient excess owing to discharging early stage, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has 35% left and right, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually takes the later stage the nutrient saving of not using in early stage and is supplied to plant, has reduced decomposition and the soil fixing of leaching loss, microorganism simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly engross to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention uses, and the highest fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient discharging, and discharges speed and depends on temperature, and day temperature is high to be discharged soon, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.
The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention is the release profiles of " S ", this is ideal curve, common this fertilizer discharges very slow early stage, later stage discharges accelerates, realizing S release has two kinds of modes, and a kind of material dressing is very thick, and the performance of coating material own is not strong, later stage dressing expands or spreading, and micropore or hole increase.S type curve is the favorite nutrient release profiles of plant-growth, when plant seedling stage in early stage, few to nutrient demand, along with the quickening of growth, the demand of nutrient is accelerated thereupon, and therefore, the release profiles of S type is ideal curve.
The present invention has improved a times of utilization rate of fertilizer and has had a surplus, and loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 34%-46%.Reduce fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, save labour.Only need companion's kind of fertilising once, the disposable fertilizer of selling is in the market essentially quick-acting Gao Dan type composite fertilizer, exist seedling stage prosperous length or the later stage take off fertile risk.And the fertilizer of invention is at the release mode of the potato season of growth (knot potato), fertilizer nutrient releasing rule and crop nutrition content are absorbed consistent, single fertilization meets the potato demand in whole growth season.In addition, the application with micro-fertilizer (boron and zinc element), in knot potato phase onset, meanwhile, botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis) is in knot potato phase onset, the potato supplement trace nutrition of giving the knot potato phase when Pesticidal and sterilizing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, more conventional fertilizer volume increase 30-42%, passes through analysis data in addition, finds the more conventional reduction of the alkaloid 30-45% of potato.
embodiment:
The potato fertilizer of the application's sterilization disease-resistant, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, in, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, alginates 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-3 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, alginates 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Or, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 3-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, alginates 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Cultivated land, oyster shells are for being 80-120 order pulvis after grinding.
Pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, is specially:
Kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis are according to the ratio weighting raw materials of mass ratio 5:2:4:3:4:2, after adding and being soaked in water in container, adopt organic solvent extraction to extract 3 times, boiling is carried out in No. 3 extracting solutions merging together afterwards, decoct after thick and add starch, after being dried, after uv irradiating sterilization, obtain pulvis.
Object to better implement the present invention, the present invention discloses again a kind of preparation method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, operation in accordance with the following steps:
Film preparation is assisted in A, preparation: after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5:3:2, obtain mixture, this mixture is diluted with water to after mass percent 15-35%, must assist into film preparation;
B, the micro-fertile granulation that borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, oyster shells are obtained after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture become fertiliser granulates as fertile core, the outside film preparation of assisting into that sprays steps A gained of fertile core, on the pulvis of more fertile core being prepared in the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, roll across, the film preparation of assisting at surface sprinkling steps A gained again after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;
C, step B gains limit is sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time of rolling for one time one time, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is fertile core radius 2-3 times time only, is prepared into basic granules at the outside coating material that sprays of base manure;
D, fully mix rear for subsequent use with alginates after plant ash is crossed to 80-100 mesh sieve;
E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky step D gained mixture that rolls for one time one time, repeatable operation 2-3 time, the thickness that makes step D gained mixture is fertile core radius 1-2 times time only, sprays coating material and form the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant in the outside of step D gained mixture.
The diameter of the particle of the potato fertilizer of described sterilization disease-resistant is 5mm-30mm.
Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, and operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising when sowing, preferably the potato fertilizer of the sterilization disease-resistant of 30mm size, far away apart from seed 3-5cm when fertilising.
Note: coating material and coating method are prior art, on this aspect, without innovation, key is innovated and is, by each group of effective constituent dressing respectively, to accomplish controlled release,
Example 1
According to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, in, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, alginates 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Preparation method, wherein, operation in accordance with the following steps:
Film preparation is assisted in A, preparation: after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5:3:2, obtain mixture, this mixture is diluted with water to after mass percent 15-35%, must assist into film preparation;
B, the micro-fertile granulation that borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, oyster shells are obtained after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture become fertiliser granulates as fertile core, the outside film preparation of assisting into that sprays steps A gained of fertile core, on the pulvis of more fertile core being prepared in the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, roll across, the film preparation of assisting at surface sprinkling steps A gained again after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;
C, step B gains limit is sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time of rolling for one time one time, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is fertile core radius 2-3 times time only, is prepared into basic granules at the outside coating material that sprays of base manure;
D, fully mix rear for subsequent use with alginates after plant ash is crossed to 80-100 mesh sieve;
E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky step D gained mixture that rolls for one time one time, repeatable operation 2-3 time, the thickness that makes step D gained mixture is fertile core radius 1-2 times time only, sprays coating material and form the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant in the outside of step D gained mixture.
The diameter of the particle of the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant is 30mm.
Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising when sowing, by the potato fertilizer of the sterilization disease-resistant of 30mm size, far away apart from seed 3-5cm when fertilising, use 3 fertilizer around seed distribution triangular in shape.
Above-mentioned example is executed kind of a plot, Laixi, and 100 mu, 3410 kilograms of per mu yields.(using 2340 kilograms of this plot average yield per mus of common fertilizer),
Example 2
According to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-3 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, alginates 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Preparation method, wherein, operation in accordance with the following steps:
Film preparation is assisted in A, preparation: after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5:3:2, obtain mixture, this mixture is diluted with water to after mass percent 15-35%, must assist into film preparation;
B, the micro-fertile granulation that borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, oyster shells are obtained after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture become fertiliser granulates as fertile core, the outside film preparation of assisting into that sprays steps A gained of fertile core, on the pulvis of more fertile core being prepared in the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, roll across, the film preparation of assisting at surface sprinkling steps A gained again after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;
C, step B gains limit is sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time of rolling for one time one time, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is fertile core radius 2-3 times time only, is prepared into basic granules at the outside coating material that sprays of base manure;
D, fully mix rear for subsequent use with alginates after plant ash is crossed to 80-100 mesh sieve;
E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky step D gained mixture that rolls for one time one time, repeatable operation 2-3 time, the thickness that makes step D gained mixture is fertile core radius 1-2 times time only, sprays coating material and form the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant in the outside of step D gained mixture.
The diameter of the particle of the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant is 30mm.
Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising when sowing, by the potato fertilizer of the sterilization disease-resistant of 30mm size, far away apart from seed 3-5cm when fertilising, use 4 fertilizer to be tetragon around seed and distribute.
Above-mentioned example is executed kind of a Pingdu plot, and 100 mu, 3520 kilograms of per mu yields.(using 2580 kilograms of this plot average yield per mus of common fertilizer),
Example 3
According to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 3-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, alginates 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
Film preparation is assisted in A, preparation: after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5:3:2, obtain mixture, this mixture is diluted with water to after mass percent 15-35%, must assist into film preparation;
B, the micro-fertile granulation that borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, oyster shells are obtained after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture become fertiliser granulates as fertile core, the outside film preparation of assisting into that sprays steps A gained of fertile core, on the pulvis of more fertile core being prepared in the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, roll across, the film preparation of assisting at surface sprinkling steps A gained again after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;
C, step B gains limit is sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time of rolling for one time one time, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is fertile core radius 2-3 times time only, is prepared into basic granules at the outside coating material that sprays of base manure;
D, fully mix rear for subsequent use with alginates after plant ash is crossed to 80-100 mesh sieve;
E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky step D gained mixture that rolls for one time one time, repeatable operation 2-3 time, the thickness that makes step D gained mixture is fertile core radius 1-2 times time only, sprays coating material and form the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant in the outside of step D gained mixture.
The diameter of the particle of the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant is 30mm.
Object to better implement the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of using method of potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, wherein, operation as follows: companion's kind of fertilising when sowing, by the potato fertilizer of the sterilization disease-resistant of 30mm size, far away apart from seed 3-5cm when fertilising, use 4 fertilizer to be tetragon around seed and distribute.
Above-mentioned example is executed the plot, Changyi in kind of Weifang, and 100 mu, 3700 kilograms of per mu yields.(using 2690 kilograms of this plot average yield per mus of common fertilizer),
Data comparison: the test of the disease-resistant sterilization effect of pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis.(taking star as suppressing grade)
Principle: the matrine of kuh-seng has killing action to blue or green worm, vegetable aphid, snout moth's larva, ladybug, beet armyworm, fragrant-flowered garlic maggot, mythimna separata etc.
Nicotine in tobacco leaf has killing action to blue or green worm, aphid, Liriomyza, bollworm etc.
Rhododendron molle is destroyed information transmission and the mating of insect, and it contains andromedotoxin, farrerol, and rhodojaponin etc., to aphid, snout moth's larva, flea, lice, wait larva to have better contact toxicity.
Herba Houttuyniae has the effect of good inhibition activity to germ, bacterium.
The effective constituent Artemisia scoparia oil of Artemisia scoparia has insecticidal activity
Herba Salviae Chinensis all has good restraining effect to plant pathogenic fungi and river valley sickle-like bacteria etc.
With for mycotic experiment
Get 3 parts of each 50g of pulvis, be respectively charged into 500ml small beaker, add the organic solvent methyl alcohol of 5 times of weight of pulvis.Chloroform, sherwood oil.Under room temperature, soak 3 days, filtering and concentrating is to paste, and take a certain amount of extract and add tween 80 and make emulsifying agent, 4 degrees Celsius of preservations,
Adopt growth rate method, get the vigorous bacterial classification of 6mm colony edge with punch tool, be placed on the PDA flat board of dosing and cultivate, the sterilized water that adds equivalent with substratum contrasts, each repetition 3 times, is placed in 25 degrees Celsius of cultivations, surveys each colony diameter by right-angled intersection method, represent the diameter of bacterium colony with mean value, obtain growth rate=(contrast colony diameter-processing colony diameter)/(contrast colony diameter-0.6) × 100% of Antifungi/bacterium.(fungus culture)
The extract of 3 kinds of organic solvents is made to the PEA substratum that final concentration is the extracting solution of 1mg/ml, get pre-configured spore suspension 10ul, being inoculated into diameter is the culture dish central authorities of 9cm, logical spreader is smeared evenly, in 25 degrees Celsius of incubators, cultivate 48 hours, observe spore germination quantity, 5 repetitions are established in every processing, average, calculate germination rate and the inhibiting rate of spore.
Spore germination rate %=has sprouted spore count/microscopy spore sum × 100%
Inhibiting rate %=(contrast germination rate-processing germination rate)/contrast germination rate × 100%
For the experiment of fungi, colony diameter (mm) and inhibiting rate (100%), as following table
By extract dilution be 5 concentration (4mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 0.25mg/ml, the growth-inhibiting effect of test different concns extract to pathogenic bacteria mycelia, finds that the extract of 2mg/ml is better to Mycophyta inhibiting rate.
The inhibiting rate experiment of directed toward bacteria: colony diameter (mm) and inhibiting rate (100%), as following table
The experiment of killing for insect: select 300 nematodes and 300 cutworms, kill experiment, every 100 is one group, sprays with the extract solution of 4mg/ml respectively, observes as follows:
The application's controlled release principle: after fertiliser granulates fertilising, the pouring of spraying water, after outside coating material water suction, moisture is first absorbed by plant ash and alginates, volumetric expansion after alginates water suction, is expanded to the 0.5-0.8 of own vol doubly, so, by coating material spreading, hole in coating material expands, and last, outermost coating material rises brokenly, plant ash sheds, and plant ash rushes down around potato stem tuber seed.Play insulation effect, the sterilization in early stage, pest-resistant, the effect of hestening rooting; The about 4-10 days of this process.
Then, the coating material of basic granules continues water suction, and the duct in coating material expands gradually, base manure slowly-releasing, and coating material, along with the rising gradually of the temperature in vegetative period, expands burst size gradually, becomes the base manure of film preparation wrapped multiple, the effect that has extended slowly-releasing.Whole base manure maintains 70-80 days.
Finally, put knot potato after date, pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis discharges, micro-fertile release, avoid stem tuber insect pest in the knot potato phase, bacterium, fungi infestation, provides trace element to stem tuber, increase is expanded, and avoids be full of cracks, improves output.
In the knot potato phase, substantially do not have, and alkaloidal generation starts with amino acid, causes tying after potato containing the composition of amino acid or Methionin, in it, alkaloid significantly reduces.
The function of the application's plant ash: 1, promote seed germination, can improve soil temperature, keep loose aeration status, impel advance germination of seeds, and the seedling growing is neat, healthy and strong, seedling rate is high.2. hestening rooting.In plant transplantation, coordinate fertilizer to make base fertilizer with plant ash, or mix the plant ash of 5%-20% when Nutrition Soil in preparation, not only can increase the available nutrient of base fertilizer and Nutrition Soil, promote root growth, the effect that alleviates in addition disease and pest.3. prevent fallen leaves.Plant ash is done to supplement nutriment, can improve blade vitality, prevents early leaf fall, strengthens photosynthesis, and promotion is spent, fruit is attractive in appearance gorgeous.4. improve quality, plant ash, except containing the macronutrients such as potassium, calcium, also contains the various trace elements such as iron, magnesium, and has quick-acting, is a kind of high-quality potash fertilizer.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, at foliage-spray 50%-80% plant ash leach liquor, can be impelled branches and leaves viridescent, strengthens photosynthesis, reduces flowers and fruits and comes off, and promotes flower, really painted gorgeous, and prolong watch period, improves fruit quality.5. suppress disease and pest.Plant ash 30-50 kilogram is spread fertilizer over the fields in every mu of nursery, can kill underground sick worm and germ, and protection seed, root, stem, reduce disease and pest, prevents the generation of damping-off, anthrax.Plant ash is used in orchard, can control the generation of Powdery Mildew, fruit rust, and every strain is executed plant ash 2.5-5 kilogram and prevented and treated in addition the effect of root rot.Spray 2%-3% plant ash leach liquor, can prevent and treat the insect such as aphid, red spider on flower, fruit, improve the anti-effect of medicine of pear sucker.6. improve drought resistance.The nonirrigated farmland not good enough to irrigation conditions, the plant ash leach liquor of 2-3 5%-6% of continuous spraying, can improve drought resistance.Because contain a large amount of potassium ions in plant ash, can effectively weaken the intensity of the rising water of blade, strengthen drought resisting, high-temperature resistance, also can promote the running of carbohydrate, improve disease-resistant, the insect resistance capacity of tree body.It should be noted that plant ash can not be with organic farm manure (human excrement, barnyard manure, heap are made compost etc.), mix with ammonium fertilizer and use, in order to avoid cause nitrogen volatilization loss; Plant ash is applicable to various crops, is particularly useful for liking potassium or happiness potassium fear-chlorion crop, as potato, sweet potato, tobacco, grape, Sunflower Receptacle, beet etc.Plant ash, for potato, can not only be used for soil application, can also be used for being stained with being coated with potato piece wound, like this, both can work as seed manure, can prevent that again wound infection is rotten.
After the stripping and slicing of potato seed, be infected with plant ash as experimental group, directly plant potato seed as a control group, comparison disease infection conditions: (respectively plant 1000 strains, compare)
Effect of assisting into film preparation of the present invention:
Potassium fulvate: the food chain that scientific combination is new, overall balance plant demand.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium is not pure molecular compound, but the extremely complicated mixture of a kind of macromolecular structure of inhomogenous plyability and composition.This product except high-content xanthohumic acid, also being rich in the nutrition such as almost whole amino acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, multiple enzyme, carbohydrate (oligose, fructose etc.) protein, nucleic acid, humic acid and VC, VE and a large amount of vitamin B group required in growing process, is a kind of bio-bacterial manure of green.There is the unknown short long factor of high biological activity function.By facts have proved, biochemical fulvic acid potassium kernel contains the short long factor of the unknown with high biological activity of not yet verifying.On stricti jurise, say that biochemical fulvic acid potassium is not containing hormonal substance, but in use procedure, show and the growth hormone of chemosynthesis the effect that the various plants hormones such as cell divide element, dormin are similar and growing of plant played to comprehensive regulating effect.Therefore the producer of doing foliage fertilizer, punching fertilising many adopts this product to replace or partly replaces Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, multiple SODIUMNITRATE, the synthetic hormones such as multiple-effect short.Complex ability is strong, improves absorption and the running of minimum plant element.The dissolubility of trace element to plurality of enzymes in plant growth and body, and degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases, improving output and quality has material impact.But trace element travelling performance in plant materials is very poor, extremely low being very easily cured by the soil of recycling ability and losing activity.Particularly very easily with soil in available phosphorus generation chemical action and cause loss of activity each other, cause and end in defeat for both sidesboth suffer losses.Biochemical fulvic acid potassium, because total amino acid and carboxyl, hydroxyl isoreactivity group content are higher, has again oxygen-containing functional group, has many organic chelating positions and complexing positions in structure.Can there is complexing or chelating reaction with the many trace elements of such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, zinc, the boron etc. of indissoluble in these coordinating groups, also can rise on his site with phosphorus element generation complex reaction simultaneously, thereby form taking biochemical fulvic acid molecule as intermediary's carrier, coordinate simultaneously, promote root system of plant or blade face to trace element and phosphorus absorption, running in vivo, not only avoid trace element to cause passivation inactivation each other with the direct contact of phosphorus, and played positive poising action, thereby improve both utilization ratios.Deflocculate, tool buffering, solubility property is good, strong with metal ion interaction ability.This product flocculation limit value >32meq/g, its deflocculate ability is apparently higher than humic acid and like product, (good stability, without antioxidant stabilizer).Any acid-basicity water that dissolves in PH1-14 flocculates and does not precipitate in high contents of calcium and magnesium hard water saturated brine, and good stability, and potential resistance to electrolyte contamination ability is strong.The buffering that this product relies on contained various groups to form is right, can effective antiacid alkali.And pH value is without considerable change, and buffer capacity is large, meanwhile, this product water soluble characteristic is good, and with metal ion exchanged, complex ability is strong.These characteristic properties have all formed this product in agricultural application, and the advantage that medicine is fertile to be produced, for medicine fertilizer is compatible, fertile composite, the expenses for medicine of medicine mixes the condition of having created that uses; Also be the cross development of the fertile industry of medicine, change the past for controlling, walked out one for the single way of supporting and controlled foster unification, integrate and control the fertile industrial development new approaches of medicine of supporting function.This product improves prevention effect mainly as pesticide synergistic agent, by strengthen the growing way of plant self and resistance against diseases and the change to plant cell membrane permeation and to slowly-releasing and the synergy etc. of agricultural chemicals by way of the function of preventing and treating showing plant pest, can not substitute agricultural chemicals, so this product normally with derosal, thiophanate methyl, gram black star, Tuzet, auspicious malicious copper, Sandofan, ethrel, the composite use of the medicines such as sweetener, effect a radical cure wheat scab, fruit tree yellowtop, canker of apple fruit, ring spot, mottle defoliation, cucumber downy mildew, sweet potato black rot, leaf spot of peanut, cotton spoting verticillium wilt etc., this product prevents that the mechanism of Plant diseases from having three: one, has strengthened oxidase activity and other Metabolic activities in plant strain.The 2nd, promote plant root growth and improve root system activity, be conducive to the absorption of plant to moisture and nutritive element, and improve chlorophyll content, strengthen photosynthesis, to improve the anti-adversity ability of plant.The 3rd, use with agriculture chemical compounding, can play restraining effect to pathogenic bacteria spore germination and bacterium colony expansion, be conducive to slowly-releasing, the synergy of agricultural chemicals.There is the remarkable function of cold-resistant drought resisting.The cold-resistant mechanism of biochemical fulvic acid potassium drought resisting is: the one, and the activity of stimulating plant body endoenzyme, regulate by it, the cell in catalysis plant materials accelerates the absorption to moisture and nutrient, and reduces leaf water potential, strengthen the Metabolic activities such as osmotic pressure, to stimulate plant to adapt to the cold living environment of drought in triumph.The 2nd, suppress the accumulation of K in guard cell, plant is met when drought is trembled with fear can improve water retention capacity voluntarily, closes Stoma of Leaves or reduces opening degree, reduces moisture transpiration.Lot of experimental data proves: biochemical fulvic acid potassium can significantly increase by 1.5 times of Stoma of Leaves diffusional resistances, reduces blade Transpiration Intensity more than one times simultaneously.After spraying, the cold-resistant effect of drought resisting can maintain about 20 days.The 2nd, improve soil moisture content, strengthen root system activity.Spray the rising minimizing in rear blade face, soil moisture content obviously improves, and the water content of the different soil degree of depth can increase by 7% ~ 35%, and soil moisture 10 ~ 20 days internal consumptions after spraying reduce by 8%.Well developed root system simultaneously, new root increases by 1/4th, and improving activity of root system improves 30%, is conducive to the absorption of plant to moisture content and nutritive element, and then improves crop yield, improves crop quality.Molecular weight is little is the most basic physicochemical property of biochemical fulvic acid potassium.This product molecular-weight average is 300, high biological activity has permeability to this road barrier of plant cell membrane, by several functions such as its absorption, conduction, transhipment, bridge formation, slowly-releasing, activation, the moisture content, the nutrient that make vegetable cell can absorb more scripts cannot to obtain, photosynthesis is accumulated simultaneously, the nutritive substances such as synthetic carbohydrate, protein, sugar part are carried to fruit position, to improve quality, and raising output.
This auxiliary film coalescence aid is the theme with potassium fulvate, uses lignin to strengthen cross-linking effect, and lignin increases film-forming properties and water-retentivity as linking agent, uses treated starch to increase film-formation result.3-5 minute film forming after auxiliary film coalescence aid spray, thickness 0.5mm left and right, stretch-proof, is approximately degraded into fertilizer for 15-20 days.
After becoming on film preparation sprinkling base manure, be buried in the earth 5cm left and right, 7-10d waters once, observes the decomposition situation of film
The application's micro-fertile part:
Cultivated land, oyster shells are mainly used in providing various trace elements, and cultivated land, oyster shells contain 23 kinds of trace elements such as copper ferrimanganic zinc.Cultivated land, oyster shells and liquorice liquid are prepared extract by the application, and measuring zinc content is 385ug/g, and this mixed micro-fertilizer is rich in the element such as boron, zinc, effectively solves the specific demand to boron, zinc in potato process of growth.
1 materials and methods
1.1 instrument AA7001 type atomic absorption spectrophotometers and microprocessor (Beijing thing electronic technology institute); WHG-102A2 type generator for mobile injection of hydride and electrothermal quartz tube (when Beijing is vast, making institute); Copper, iron, zinc, selenium hollow-cathode discharge lamp; Analytical balance; Hot plate.
1.2 reagent C u Standard Applying Solutions (100 μ g/mL), Fe Standard Applying Solution (100 μ g/mL), Zn Standard Applying Solution (100 μ g/mL), Se Standard Applying Solution (250 ng/mL); 10 % hydrochloric acid; 3 % hydrochloric acid; 3 % nitric acid; Mixing acid (nitric acid: perchloric acid=4: 1); 0. 5 % POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE; It is pure that all reagent is top grade, and purchased from development area, Jinzhong City Zhong Zi Chemical Engineering Technology company limited, water is deionized water.
1.3 measure thing: cultivated land, oyster shells.
1.4 method
1.4.1 sample preparation is placed on and in porcelain mortar, grinds to form fine powder to be placed in moisture eliminator for subsequent use cleaning sample after dry; Accurately take sample 0.10 g through pre-treatment with analytical balance, for the mensuration of copper, iron, zinc;
0.20 g is for the mensuration of selenium.Add 3 mL mixing acid and be placed in 0.10g sample bottle, put on hot plate digestion completely, and then be settled to 10 mL with 3 % nitric acid; Add 5.0 mL mixing acid and be placed in 0.20g sample bottle, put on hot plate digestion completely, and then be settled to 10 mL with 10 % hydrochloric acid.
1.4.2 the preparation of standardized solution accurately measures 8 volume ranks of copper, iron, zinc Standard Applying Solution, adds respectively 3 % nitric acid to be diluted to desired concn; Separately get 6 volume ranks of selenium Standard Applying Solution, add 3 % hydrochloric acid and be diluted to desired concn, reference liquid series concentration is in table 1.
1.4.3 measuring method adopts atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure the content of copper, iron, zinc; Adopt the content of Fi-hg-aas Determination selenium.Condition determination is in table 2.
4 kinds of micro-content in 2 results, cultivated land, oyster shells
Cultivated land
| Cu | Fe | Zn | Se |
| 52.32 | 76.61 | 294.00 | 77.28 |
Oyster shells
| Cu | Fe | Zn | Se |
| 82.32 | 82.61 | 286.08 | 50.38 |
Boron is as one of necessary nutritive element of growth and development of plants, very important in agriculture production.In the necessary trace element of plant, the shortage of boron is the most general, and crop is also very urgent to the demand of boron.Most of crops there will be serious boron deficiency symptom, as " the rotten worry " of beet, and " colored and unreal " disease of cotton, " flower bud and do not spend " disease of rape etc.Also have in addition nearly 500,000,000 mu of slight boron deficiencies of arable soil.Not too can produce obvious boron deficiency symptom though plant plant on these are ploughed, can have a strong impact on the yield and quality of crop.Visible China all boron deficiencies of ploughing more than 70%, and the fruit tree of China is all planted on more barren mountain region, the shortage of boron is even more serious.China's fruit tree boron deficiency is very general, the especially grape of the oranges and tangerines of south China, banana, lichee, east China, apple etc.Fruit and vegetable, piece root (stem) and peanut and other crops boron deficiency exist everywhere.Potato is more responsive to boron, zinc, and boron is conducive to potato piece and expands, and prevents be full of cracks, has special role to improving plant net photosynthesis productivity.
In the knot potato phase, respectively select 1000 strain potatoes, use micro-fertilizer of the application and the borax, the solution of zinc sulfate sprinkling blade face that use 0.1-0.3% to contrast to root,
| Group | Potato piece maximum weight | Be full of cracks | Output |
| The micro-fertilizer of the application | 0.9kg | Nothing | 3420kg |
| After spray borax, within 3 days, spray again zinc sulfate | 0.75kg | Occasionally have | 2650kg |
About the mensuration (solanine) of alkaloid
The special fertilizer gained potato that uses the application as experimental group and the potato that uses common chemical fertilizer gained as a control group, the relatively mensuration of the alkaloid of two groups:
Get and use the potato of the application's special fertilizer production and the each 50g of potato that traditional fertilizer is produced, add 120ml extracting solution (tetrahydrofuran (THF): water: acetonitrile: acetic acid is by 50:25:20:1 configuration V/V%), smash to pieces and be slurry, filter paper filtering, centrifugal 5 minutes of filtrate, get supernatant liquor 100ml, add 2ml glacial acetic acid, ultrasonic oscillation 5 minutes, ammoniacal liquor regulates PH10.5, boiling water is concentrated into dry, twice of a small amount of ammonia scrubbing residue of cooling rear use, centrifugal rear abandoning supernatant, residue water bath method, with 3ml, the phosphoric acid of mass ratio 7% dissolves, centrifugal 5 minutes again, clear liquid is for measuring TGA,
Solanine developed the color in 15-50 minute, and 600nm wavelength place absorbance is basicly stable, selected 600nm as measuring wavelength, and under room temperature, solanine reacts 30 minutes with polyoxymethylene phosphoric acid developer, after ultrasonication,
| Group | Alkaloid (solanine) |
| Experimental group | 0.15 milligram/gram |
| Control group | 0.23 milligram/gram |
From saving labor cost, traditional fertilizer need to be applied fertilizer at least 3 times, and the application's special fertilizer only need be accompanied kind of a sowing operation, has greatly saved labor cost.Advantage of the present invention is: proportioning is simple, easy to use, and curative effect is long, and slowly-releasing discharges, comprehensive nutrition, and can make potato alkaloid effectively reduce.Be specially:
The present invention is Controlled Release Fertilizer but not slow-release fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is the fertilizer that adopts polymer coating, micropore on film only has hundreds of nanometer conventionally, liquid water cannot pass through film at all, can only enter in film with water molecules form, so except water molecule energy frees in and out in film, fertiliser granulates is completely with outside isolated, and nutrient is got rid of outside film by the osmotic pressure of film.So the release speed of nutrient is only relevant with the hole of membrane micropore with the movement velocity of water molecules, after a kind of Controlled Release Fertilizer is manured into soil (micropore is set), only relevant with water molecules movement velocity, and the movement velocity of water molecules depends on temperature.The release of the Controlled Release Fertilizer such as microorganism, pH value of soil is without any impact.After common incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, soon cause nutrient excess owing to discharging early stage, and plant cannot absorb in a short time completely, causes a large amount of nutrients to be accumulated in soil, easily volatilization, rainy leaching loss; Permeate the ground; Or soil fixing, so fertilizer average utilization only has 35% left and right, and the later stage lacks nutrient.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually takes the later stage the nutrient saving of not using in early stage and is supplied to plant, has reduced decomposition and the soil fixing of leaching loss, microorganism simultaneously, is equivalent to bit by bit ceaselessly engross to plant.Therefore, the nearly root of fertilizer of the present invention uses, and the highest fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio can reach more than 86.2%.Controlled Release Fertilizer is actually a kind of 24 hours all at the nutrient discharging, and discharges speed and depends on temperature, and day temperature is high to be discharged soon, and the low release of temperature in evening is slow, and plant when to be also day temperature high photosynthesis strong.
The release profiles of Controlled Release Fertilizer of the present invention is the release profiles of " S ", this is ideal curve, common this fertilizer discharges very slow early stage, later stage discharges accelerates, realizing S release has two kinds of modes, and a kind of material dressing is very thick, and the performance of coating material own is not strong, later stage dressing expands or spreading, and micropore or hole increase.S type curve is the favorite nutrient release profiles of plant-growth, when plant seedling stage in early stage, few to nutrient demand, along with the quickening of growth, the demand of nutrient is accelerated thereupon, and therefore, the release profiles of S type is ideal curve.
The present invention has improved a times of utilization rate of fertilizer and has had a surplus, and loss of nitrogenous fertilizer rate significantly reduces, and can save nitrogen fertilizer amount 34%-46%.Reduce fertilizer application frequency simultaneously, save labour.Only need companion's kind of fertilising once, the disposable fertilizer of selling is in the market essentially quick-acting Gao Dan type composite fertilizer, exist seedling stage prosperous length or the later stage take off fertile risk.And the fertilizer of invention is at the release mode of the potato season of growth (knot potato), fertilizer nutrient releasing rule and crop nutrition content are absorbed consistent, single fertilization meets the potato demand in whole growth season.In addition, the application with micro-fertilizer (boron and zinc element), in knot potato phase onset, meanwhile, botanical pesticide (pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis) is in knot potato phase onset, the potato supplement trace nutrition of giving the knot potato phase when Pesticidal and sterilizing, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, more conventional fertilizer volume increase 30-42%, passes through analysis data in addition, finds the more conventional reduction of the alkaloid 30-45% of potato.
Claims (8)
1. the potato fertilizer of a sterilization disease-resistant, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-15 part, treated starch 3-5 part, alginates 2-4 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-8 part, coating material 5-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
2. the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant according to claim 1, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 2-3 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 3-4 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 10-13 part, treated starch 3-4 part, alginates 2-3 part, lignin 3-5 part, potassium fulvate 6-7 part, coating material 5-7 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
3. the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant according to claim 1, according to parts by weight unit, comprise urea, calcium superphosphate, base manure 50-75 part that potassium sulfate obtains after according to 7:3:15 mixture, it is characterized in that, further comprise, borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, micro-fertile 3-4 part that oyster shells obtains after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture, kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, pulvis 4-5 part prepared by the extract of Herba Salviae Chinensis, plant ash 12-15 part, treated starch 4-5 part, alginates 3-4 part, lignin 4-5 part, potassium fulvate 7-8 part, coating material 6-8 part, coating material is sulphur dressing, any one in resin dressing or urease inhibitors dressing.
4. according to the potato fertilizer of the arbitrary described sterilization disease-resistant of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described cultivated land, oyster shells are for being 80-120 order pulvis after grinding.
5. according to the potato fertilizer of the arbitrary described sterilization disease-resistant of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, pulvis prepared by the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, is specially:
Kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis are according to the ratio weighting raw materials of mass ratio 5:2:4:3:4:2, after adding and being soaked in water in container, adopt organic solvent extraction to extract 3 times, boiling is carried out in No. 3 extracting solutions merging together afterwards, decoct after thick and add starch, after being dried, after uv irradiating sterilization, obtain pulvis.
6. as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-3, a preparation method for the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant, is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps operation:
Film preparation is assisted in A, preparation: after potassium fulvate, lignin and treated starch are mixed according to mass ratio 5:3:2, obtain mixture, this mixture is diluted with water to after mass percent 15-35%, must assist into film preparation;
B, the micro-fertile granulation that borax, zinc sulfate, cultivated land, oyster shells are obtained after according to 1.5:1:2:1.5 mixture become fertiliser granulates as fertile core, the outside film preparation of assisting into that sprays steps A gained of fertile core, on the pulvis of more fertile core being prepared in the extract of kuh-seng, Rhododendron molle, tobacco leaf, Herba Houttuyniae, Artemisia scoparia, Herba Salviae Chinensis, roll across, the film preparation of assisting at surface sprinkling steps A gained again after rolling across, after 3-5 minute drying and forming-film, for subsequent use;
C, step B gains limit is sprayed and assisted into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky base manure, repeatable operation 4-5 time of rolling for one time one time, the base manure thickness of fertile outer core is fertile core radius 2-3 times time only, is prepared into basic granules at the outside coating material that sprays of base manure;
D, fully mix rear for subsequent use with alginates after plant ash is crossed to 80-100 mesh sieve;
E, by step C basic granules outside spray steps A assist into after film preparation, make to assist into film preparation as caking agent, spray the sticky step D gained mixture that rolls for one time one time, repeatable operation 2-3 time, the thickness that makes step D gained mixture is fertile core radius 1-2 times time only, sprays coating material and form the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant in the outside of step D gained mixture.
7. the preparation method of the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the diameter of the particle of the potato fertilizer of described sterilization disease-resistant is 5mm-30mm.
8. a using method for the potato fertilizer of sterilization disease-resistant as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, as follows operation: companion's kind of fertilising when sowing, preferably the potato fertilizer of the sterilization disease-resistant of 30mm size, far away apart from seed 3-5cm when fertilising.
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