CN112021111A - Application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment and/or improving rice yield of rice - Google Patents
Application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment and/or improving rice yield of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021111A CN112021111A CN202011015946.7A CN202011015946A CN112021111A CN 112021111 A CN112021111 A CN 112021111A CN 202011015946 A CN202011015946 A CN 202011015946A CN 112021111 A CN112021111 A CN 112021111A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment of rice and/or improving rice yield. In the present invention, the EDTA chelate comprises EDTA chelated calcium and/or EDTA chelated zinc; the ligand EDTA of EDTA chelated calcium or EDTA chelated zinc can generate a stable complex EDTACd (II) with cadmium in the paddy field soil under the flooding condition, and compared with free Cd (II), the EDTACd (II) is not easily absorbed by the rice root system. The absorption of plants on heavy metal ions mainly depends on the activity of the free state of the ions in the soil solution, and a high-stability compound formed by EDTA and cadmium in the soil solution is not easy to dissociate (the matching constant of EDTA and Cd is logk which is 16.6), so that the activity of Cd in the soil solution of the rice field is obviously reduced, and the absorption of the rice to Cd is inhibited to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of farmland safety production, in particular to application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment of rice and/or improving rice yield.
Background
Rice is a cereal crop of the genus Oryza, and the representative species is rice (academic name: Oryza sativa L.). The rice has the characteristic of enriching cadmium, is a bulk cereal crop with the strongest capacity of absorbing cadmium, causes the cadmium pollution of the rice to be serious, and becomes a main cadmium exposure source for people taking the rice as staple food. Aiming at the characteristics of low cadmium pollution degree and large area of farmland in China, farmland agriculture and the like, the research and development of a safe utilization technology which is efficient, economical, rapid, simple and convenient, reproducible and easy to popularize is urgently needed. The in-situ passivation technology has the advantages of economy, effectiveness, rapidness, easy operation, wide application range and the like, is more suitable for the requirement of safe utilization of heavy metal polluted farmlands in China, and more passivation materials comprise lime, silicon-calcium, phosphorus-containing materials, clay minerals, organic materials, biochar, novel nano composite materials and the like. However, the cadmium reduction rate of the rice made of the materials is very limited, the cadmium reduction rate is generally 20% -50%, and the soil properties are also adversely affected after the materials are applied in large quantities or for a long time, for example, the soil hardening is caused by the large-quantity lime application for a long time, and the crop yield is affected.
Calcium and cadmium and zinc and cadmium have antagonistic action in the absorption process of soil solution and plants. Exogenous calcium or zinc can compete with cadmium ions for adsorption sites and ion channels on the surface of plant roots, and the absorption of cadmium by crop roots is reduced. However, the traditional inorganic calcium fertilizer is easy to be fixed and deposited, and the effectiveness of calcium in soil and the antagonism of calcium to cadmium are influenced. The inorganic zinc fertilizer can be quickly dissolved after entering the soil, and water-soluble zinc is absorbed by soil clay, organic matters, carbonate and iron manganese oxide and then converted into combined zinc, so that the biological effectiveness is continuously reduced, the effectiveness of zinc in the soil and the antagonism of the zinc to cadmium are influenced, and if the inorganic zinc fertilizer is applied in a large amount, the zinc content in the soil exceeds the standard, and phytotoxicity is caused; the cadmium reduction effect of the foliage spraying is usually very limited and the effect is not stable.
The chelated fertilizer is a novel chelated fertilizer prepared by a chelation technology. The chelating agents commonly used in agriculture at present are amino acids, humic acids, sugar alcohols, EDTA and the like. EDTA chelated calcium and EDTA chelated zinc are commonly used as leaf fertilizer or water flush fertilizer for fruit trees in agricultural production. The fertilizer in the invention patent 'a fertilizer formula for reducing tea tree planting soil pollutants' (CN201811438234.9) contains amino acid chelated calcium, is mainly used for improving soil fertility and reducing loss of soil nutrient components, and does not report the effect of reducing heavy metal absorption of crops. The invention relates to a preparation method of a root-irrigation type resistance control agent for reducing the cadmium content of pakchoi and application thereof, wherein the resistance control agent in CN201610488946.6 contains EDTA chelated calcium of about 0.2%, and aims to provide a calcium fertilizer with good lasting effect and quick action, and the cadmium reduction effect is not clear. In addition, EDTA is commonly used as an exogenous activator in dry land soil to promote the absorption of cadmium in the soil by hyper-enriched plants (Songbo, Zhangxia, Dianjing, etc.. potential of applying grain amaranth to the remediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil [ J ]. environmental engineering reports, 2019,13(7): 1711-. In addition, the influence of EDTA chelated zinc on cadmium content of rape is reported in the prior literature by adopting a water culture test, and the effect of reducing cadmium content of overground parts of the rape is not found when the EDTA chelated zinc is sprayed on leaf surfaces under the normal zinc nutrition level, and the influence of zinc fertilizer spraying under different zinc nutrition on the growth and element content of the rape is found to be increased in some varieties (crystal generation, Xuying, Wanglin, and the like). environmental chemistry, 2017 (5): 1017-1025.). The invention patent "a fertilizer for cobalt-contaminated soil" (CN201611230524.5) contains a certain amount of EDTA chelated zinc, and the effect is only to provide zinc fertilizer to increase the yield of corn. At present, the application of EDTA chelated calcium and/or EDTA chelated zinc in the treatment and remediation of the paddy field polluted by heavy metals is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the application of EDTA chelate in reducing the cadmium enrichment of rice and/or improving the rice yield, and the application of the EDTA chelate has the advantages of less dosage and high rice cadmium reduction rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment of rice and/or improving rice yield, wherein the EDTA chelate comprises EDTA chelated calcium and/or EDTA chelated zinc.
Preferably, the EDTA chelated calcium is disodium calcium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; the EDTA chelated zinc is disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate.
Preferably, the application comprises the following steps:
irrigating, turning over the land and harrowing;
broadcasting the EDTA chelated calcium or the EDTA chelated zinc to a paddy field;
sowing or transplanting rice;
and keeping the rice field flooded until the rice milk maturity stage or until the rice is mature.
Preferably, the application amount of the EDTA chelated calcium is 45-55 kg/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the EDTA chelated zinc is 9-10 kg/mu.
Preferably, the EDTA chelated calcium or EDTA chelated zinc is applied after being mixed with the base fertilizer.
Preferably, the step of keeping the paddy fields flooded is to keep the paddy fields to have a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment of rice and/or improving rice yield, wherein the EDTA chelate comprises EDTA chelated calcium and/or EDTA chelated zinc. In the invention, the ligand EDTA of EDTA chelated calcium or EDTA chelated zinc can generate a stable complex EDTACd (II) with cadmium in the paddy field soil under the flooding condition, and compared with free Cd (II), the EDTACd (II) is not easy to be absorbed by the rice root system. The absorption of plants on heavy metal ions mainly depends on the activity of the free state of the ions in the soil solution, and a high-stability compound formed by EDTA and cadmium in the soil solution is not easy to dissociate (the matching constant of EDTA and Cd is logk which is 16.6), so that the activity of Cd in the soil solution of the rice field is obviously reduced, and the absorption of the rice to Cd is inhibited to a certain extent; meanwhile, the ligand EDTA and Cd have strong matching capacity, so that Cd adsorbed on the surface of the rice root can be desorbed. In addition, the calcium and the zinc in the soil mainly exist in a mineral state, the effectiveness is very low, the EDTA chelated calcium and the EDTA chelated zinc can respectively provide high-activity calcium and high-activity zinc, the conversion of soil exchange state cadmium to more stable combined state cadmium is promoted through the ion exchange effect of the EDTA chelated calcium and the EDTA chelated zinc, the effectiveness of cadmium in the soil is reduced, and the EDTA can compete with cadmium ions for adsorption sites and ion channels on the surface of rice roots, so that the absorption of the rice roots to cadmium is further reduced.
In the invention, calcium and zinc are used as medium trace element fertilizers of crops, the crop yield can be improved after the fertilizer is properly applied, and the chelated fertilizer is not easy to be fixed in soil, is easy to dissolve in water, is beneficial to the absorption of the crops, and further improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The method of the invention also has certain yield increasing effect.
Compared with the control without applying the passivating material, the cadmium content of the brown rice is reduced by 37-42% after the lime is applied based on the calcium chelate of EDTA, the cadmium content of the brown rice is reduced by 68-75% after the calcium chelate of EDTA is applied based on the calcium chelate of EDTA, and the cadmium reduction effect of the cadmium reduction agent is about 30% higher than that of the common passivating material lime.
The invention also compares the cadmium reducing effect of the lime base application, the inorganic zinc fertilizer (zinc heptahydrate) and the EDTA chelated zinc on the rice, and the test result shows that compared with the contrast without applying the passivating material, the cadmium content of the brown rice is reduced by 37-42% after the lime base application, the cadmium content of the brown rice is reduced by 18-21% after the inorganic zinc fertilizer (zinc heptahydrate) base application, and the cadmium content of the brown rice is reduced by 68-74% after the EDTA chelated zinc application, and the cadmium reducing effect is about 30% higher than that of the common passivating material lime and 47-56% higher than that of the inorganic zinc fertilizer (zinc heptahydrate).
Detailed Description
The invention provides application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment of rice and/or improving rice yield, wherein the EDTA chelate comprises EDTA chelated calcium and/or EDTA chelated zinc.
The invention has no special requirements on the variety of the rice.
In the invention, the EDTA chelated calcium is disodium calcium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; the EDTA chelated zinc is disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate. In the invention, the disodium calcium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and the disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate are from conventional commercial sources.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, the EDTA chelated calcium is an agricultural product, the mass percentage content of the effective component of the EDTA disodium calcium is more than or equal to 99%, and the EDTA chelated calcium is white powder in appearance and is easily soluble in water; the pH value of the EDTA chelated calcium is 6.5-7.5, the calcium element exists in a chelated state, and the mass percentage of the calcium relative to the EDTA chelated calcium is preferably 9.5% -10.5%.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, the EDTA chelated zinc is an agricultural product, the mass percentage of the effective component of the EDTA disodium zinc is more than or equal to 99%, and the EDTA disodium zinc is white crystalline powder in appearance and is easily soluble in water; the pH value of the EDTA chelated zinc is 6.0-7.0, the zinc element exists in a chelated state, and the mass percentage of the zinc relative to the EDTA chelated zinc is preferably 14% -15%.
In the present invention, the application comprises the following steps:
irrigating, turning over the land and harrowing;
broadcasting the EDTA chelated calcium or the EDTA chelated zinc to a paddy field;
sowing or transplanting rice;
and keeping the rice field flooded until the rice milk maturity stage or until the rice is mature.
In the invention, the application amount of the EDTA chelated calcium is preferably 45-55 kg/mu, and more preferably 50 kg/mu; the application amount of the EDTA chelated zinc is preferably 9-10 kg/mu, and more preferably 9.2-9.5 kg/mu; the application mode of the EDTA chelated calcium or the EDTA chelated zinc is preferably that the EDTA chelated calcium or the EDTA chelated zinc is mixed with the base fertilizer and then is applied, the additional labor cost is not increased, the method is simple to operate and easy to popularize, and the cadmium reduction effect is obvious.
In the invention, the paddy field is preferably a farmland with medium and light cadmium exceeding standards; the pH of the soil of the paddy field is preferably < 6.5; preferably, the paddy field flooding is kept to have a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm; the time for keeping the rice field flooded is preferably from flooding in the field after the rice is sowed or transplanted to the milk stage or until the rice is mature, and harvesting after the rice is mature.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Planting a rice variety of Yingyoutai No. 3 in the Jiangxi Guixi rice field with the pH value of 4.80 and the total cadmium content of 0.66 mg/kg; the rice variety of Jingliangyou 534 is planted in the Anhui copper-hilly rice field with the pH value of 5.86 and the total cadmium content of 0.51 mg/kg. And (3) uniformly spreading 50 kg/mu of disodium calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid by combining with plowing and harrowing, keeping a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm after harrowing, transplanting rice, and keeping the field flooded to the maturity stage, wherein specific test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that no disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate was added.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1 was repeated except that 50 kg/mu of disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate was replaced with 200 kg/mu of lime.
TABLE 1 cadmium reduction and Rice yield of rice corresponding to the treatments of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
Note: except for different processing modes, all the groups in the table have the same conventional management mode.
In acid rice soil with medium-light cadmium exceeding standard in Tongling of Anhui and Guixi, the cadmium content of brown rice of contrast treated rice is 2-3 times higher than that of the national food safety limit standard (GB 2762-. After 200 kg/mu of lime is applied to the base, the cadmium content in the brown rice can be reduced, but the cadmium reduction effect is limited, and the cadmium content in the brown rice is 0.24-0.39 mg/kg and still exceeds the food safety limit standard in China. The cadmium content of the brown rice can be reduced by 68-75% by applying 50 kg/mu of EDTA chelated calcium on the base, the cadmium reduction effect is about 30% higher than that of common passivating material lime, the cadmium content of the brown rice meets the food safety limit standard in China, and the yield increase effect is achieved to a certain extent.
The results in table 1 show that the EDTA chelated calcium provided by the invention can be used for treating and repairing moderate and mild rice soil with excessive cadmium in China, and can achieve a good effect.
Example 2
Planting a rice variety of Jingliangyou 534 in the Anhui copper-hilly rice field with the pH value of 5.86, the total cadmium content of 0.51mg/kg and the total zinc content of 87.6 mg/kg; the rice variety of Yingyoutai No. 3 is planted in Jiangxi Guixi rice field with the pH value of 4.80, the total cadmium content of 0.66mg/kg and the total zinc content of 63.9 mg/kg. Before transplanting rice, turning and harrowing are combined, 9.2 kg/mu of disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate (10 mg of zinc applied per kilogram of soil) and base fertilizer are uniformly applied together, a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm is kept after harrowing is carried out, and the field is kept submerged to the maturity stage. The specific test results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
The same as example 2 was repeated except that 9.2 kg/mu of disodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate was replaced with 200 kg/mu of lime.
Comparative example 4
The procedure was as in example 2 except that 9.2 kg/acre of disodium zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate was replaced with 6.6 kg/acre of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (equivalent to 10mg of zinc applied per kg of soil).
TABLE 2 cadmium reduction in Rice by treatment of example 2 and comparative examples 3 to 5
Note: except for different processing modes, all the groups in the table have the same conventional management mode.
In acid rice soil with medium-light cadmium exceeding standard in Tongling of Anhui and Guixi, the cadmium content of brown rice of contrast treated rice is 2-3 times higher than that of the national food safety limit standard (GB 2762-. After 200 kg/mu of lime or 6.6 kg/mu of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is applied to the base, the cadmium content in the brown rice can be reduced, but the cadmium reduction effect is limited, the cadmium content in the brown rice is respectively 0.24-0.39 mg/kg and 0.30-0.56 mg/kg, and still exceeds the food safety limit standard in China. The cadmium content of the brown rice can be reduced by 68.4-73.5% by applying 9.2 kg/mu of EDTA chelated zinc to the base, the cadmium content of the brown rice is 0.12-0.18 mg/kg, the cadmium reduction effect of the EDTA chelated zinc is about 30% higher than that of common passivating material lime and 47-56% higher than that of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the Cd content of the brown rice meets the food safety limit standard in China.
The results in table 2 show that the disodium zinc ethylenediamine tetraacetate can be used for treating and repairing moderate and mild over-standard cadmium paddy soil in China.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
- The application of EDTA chelate in reducing cadmium enrichment and/or improving rice yield of rice, wherein the EDTA chelate comprises EDTA chelated calcium and/or EDTA chelated zinc.
- 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the calcium EDTA chelate is calcium disodium EDTA; the EDTA chelated zinc is disodium zinc ethylene diamine tetraacetate.
- 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:irrigating, turning over the land and harrowing;broadcasting the EDTA chelated calcium or the EDTA chelated zinc to a paddy field;sowing or transplanting rice;and keeping the rice field flooded until the rice milk maturity stage or until the rice is mature.
- 4. The use of claim 3, wherein the EDTA chelated calcium is applied in an amount of 45-55 kg/acre.
- 5. The use according to claim 3, wherein the application amount of the EDTA chelated zinc is 9-10 kg/acre.
- 6. The use according to claim 3, wherein the calcium or zinc EDTA chelate is applied after mixing with a base fertilizer.
- 7. The use as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of maintaining the paddy flooded is to maintain the paddy in a shallow water layer of 2-3 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113016827A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Foliage resistance and control agent for reducing cadmium content of rice and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113016827A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Foliage resistance and control agent for reducing cadmium content of rice and application thereof |
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