CN112673879B - Correction method for iron-deficiency yellowing of citrus - Google Patents
Correction method for iron-deficiency yellowing of citrus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a correction method for iron-deficiency etiolation of oranges, which comprises the steps of firstly spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces of the oranges with iron-deficiency etiolation, then improving soil, and fertilizing the soil after the soil is improved for 5-10 days; the chelated iron fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, so that the greening of etiolated leaves can be quickly realized, the symptom of orange yellow leaves can be relieved, the soil alkalization degree is reduced by using the soil conditioner, the soil aggregate structure is improved, the solidified iron element in the soil is released, and the effective iron content in the soil is increased; the organic iron fertilizer is applied in holes to supplement a large amount of available iron elements for root parts in soil, so that the organic iron fertilizer can be used both internally and externally, and the technical purpose of effectively correcting iron deficiency and yellowing of oranges for a long time is achieved. The current situation of the iron-deficiency yellowing of the oranges can be effectively relieved by using the correction method for the iron-deficiency yellowing of the oranges for 15-30 days, and the oranges are low in cost and not easy to relapse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree yellowing correction, in particular to a correction method for iron-deficiency yellowing of citrus.
Background
The citrus is most important in economic status and the widest cultivation area in southern China, and is planted in many subtropical regions and countries, most citrus production areas in China are distributed in mountainous regions with poor geographical positions and soil conditions, and citrus seedlings are difficult to absorb nutrients due to serious nutrient leaching or inappropriate soil pH value. In recent years, extremely common and increasingly serious nutrient deficiency symptoms appear in citrus main producing areas of China, and large-area phenomena of etiolate deficiency yellowing, enlarged veins and even burst are shown in succession along with the increase of fruiting years; the citrus planted in the calcareous soil and the saline-alkali soil is easy to have iron-deficiency etiolation symptoms, and is a common problem in the current citrus production in China, and the iron-deficiency etiolation can cause the reduction of the yield of the citrus to a certain extent, and seriously restricts the development of the citrus industry.
Iron plays an important role in plant growth processes, especially photosynthesis. Iron deficiency in plants directly leads to a reduction in chlorophyll content, with a consequent reduction in net photosynthetic efficiency. The application of inorganic iron fertilizer to iron-deficient soil is often ineffective due to the tendency of iron to convert into a form of ferric iron that is not available to plants and the immobility of iron in plants, thus correcting citrus iron deficiency is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a correction method for iron deficiency yellowing of citrus. The method for supplementing the iron element required by the growth of the oranges in multiple angles by spraying chelated iron on the leaf surfaces in combination with soil improvement and hole application of organic iron fertilizer is adopted, so that the iron-deficiency yellowing is relieved, and the technical purpose of quickly correcting the iron-deficiency yellowing of the oranges is realized.
The invention provides a correction method for iron-deficiency etiolation of oranges, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out foliar fertilizer spraying on the oranges with iron-deficiency etiolation, then carrying out soil improvement, and carrying out external root fertilizer application after 5-10 days of soil improvement;
wherein the soil fertilization is to ditch and apply organic iron fertilizer near the water dripping line of the crown;
the foliage fertilizer is a chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer sprayed to the citrus trees with iron deficiency and yellowing;
the soil improvement is that the citrus garden is sprayed with soil conditioner and then irrigated with big water.
Further, in the soil fertilization step, ditching is carried out near the water dripping line of the crown, and the ditching depth is 10-40 cm; the application amount of the organic iron fertilizer is as follows: 100-300 g/plant, applying organic iron fertilizer, watering, and backfilling surface soil.
Further, the organic iron fertilizer applied in the soil fertilization step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of livestock manure, 20-50 parts of crop straw and 10-20 parts of ferrous sulfate;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing crop straws, mixing the crushed crop straws with livestock and poultry manure and ferrous sulfate uniformly, adding water to adjust the water content to 30-40%, performing anaerobic composting fermentation, crushing and granulating the product, and drying to obtain the organic iron fertilizer.
Further, the compost fermentation temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the time is 5-15 days.
Further, the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer sprayed in the foliar fertilizer spraying step comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-30 parts of citric acid, 0.5-0.8 part of vitamin C, 50-60 parts of potassium sulfate and 60-80 parts of urea;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials and sieving the crushed raw materials with a 40-mesh sieve; adding water into potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, citric acid and vitamin C, uniformly mixing, adding urea for 2-3 times under the condition of high-speed stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer.
Furthermore, the addition amount of water is 5-10 times of the total amount of the raw materials, the raw materials are prepared at present, and the raw materials are diluted by 50-100 times for use when being sprayed.
Further, the soil conditioner in the soil improvement step comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 20-50 parts of acrylic acid, 10-50 parts of maleic anhydride, 3-5 parts of ammonium persulfate and 30-50 parts of water;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving maleic anhydride in water, heating to 65-75 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring, dropwise adding acrylic acid, and reacting at constant temperature after dropwise adding to obtain the soil conditioner;
the spraying amount is 1-1.5L/mu.
Further, the constant temperature reaction temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-4 h:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the chelated iron fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, so that the leaf greening can be quickly realized, and the method is an effective measure for correcting iron deficiency yellowing, but the spraying method only acts on the attachment part, and when the iron deficiency of plants is serious and the internal iron supply is insufficient, the current situation of the whole iron deficiency of the plants cannot be effectively treated by spraying, so that the technical problem of iron deficiency yellowing still occurs to new leaves extracted after spraying; in the technical scheme of the invention, firstly, the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface to quickly supplement iron elements required by the growth of citrus, internally improve the soil state, improve the effective iron content, relieve the symptom of citrus yellow leaves, reduce the soil alkalization degree by using a soil conditioner, improve the soil aggregate structure, release the solidified iron elements in the soil and improve the effective iron content in the soil; then, a large amount of available iron elements are supplemented to root parts in soil through hole application of organic iron fertilizer, internal and external treatment is carried out simultaneously, and the technical purpose of effectively correcting iron deficiency etiolation of the citrus for a long time is achieved. The current situation of the iron-deficiency yellowing of the oranges can be effectively relieved by using the correction method for the iron-deficiency yellowing of the oranges for 15-30 days, and the oranges are low in cost and not easy to relapse.
(2) The chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer provided by the invention is prepared by using ferrous sulfate, citric acid, vitamin C, potassium sulfate and urea as raw materials, in the preparation process, the urea, the citric acid and the ferrous sulfate are promoted to have a chelation reaction through the reduction action of the vitamin C to obtain chelated iron salt which can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, the purpose of quickly supplementing iron can be realized after the application, the yellowing symptom of leaves can be relieved, the absorption capacity of the leaves can be improved by adding the potassium sulfate, the chelated iron can be promoted to be quickly absorbed and utilized, and the utilization rate of the foliar fertilizer is improved.
(3) The organic iron fertilizer provided by the invention takes livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and ferrous sulfate as raw materials, and forms complex state and chelated state iron by a composting fermentation method, so that the effectiveness of the iron is changed, the iron is prevented from being fixed in the soil, and the content of effective iron in the soil is improved.
(4) Bicarbonate is the main inducing factor for the iron deficiency and yellowing of plants. The bicarbonate radical influences the effectiveness of iron in the soil and the reduction and absorption of the iron in the root system, inhibits the growth of the plant root system to a certain extent, and influences the activity of the iron reductase in the root system, thereby reducing the absorption and utilization energy of the iron; the invention takes acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, ammonium persulfate and water as raw materials to prepare the soil conditioner, the acrylic acid and the maleic anhydride have copolymerization reaction under the action of the ammonium persulfate to generate the copolymer containing a large amount of carboxyl groups, the copolymer can be dissociated into hydrogen ions and high polymer anions in the water, the hydrogen ions can neutralize the content of bicarbonate radical in the soil, the pH value of the soil is reduced, the basification of the soil is relieved, the anions are excellent chelating agents of iron and can release the solidified iron in the soil, thereby ensuring the full supply of the effective iron content in the soil.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
Organic iron fertilizer for preparing soil fertilizer
Weighing the following raw materials: 50 parts of livestock manure, 50 parts of crop straw and 20 parts of ferrous sulfate;
crushing crop straws, sieving the crushed crop straws with a 100-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the crushed crop straws, livestock and poultry excrement and ferrous sulfate, adding water to adjust the water content to 30%, carrying out anaerobic composting fermentation for 15 days at the temperature of 55 ℃, crushing and granulating the product for 5-10mm, and drying the product at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the organic iron fertilizer A.
Example 2
The organic iron fertilizer for soil fertilization is prepared, and the difference is that the organic iron fertilizer a is obtained by directly crushing, mixing, granulating and drying the raw materials without anaerobic composting fermentation in the same way as in example 1.
Example 3
Chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer for foliar fertilizer spraying step
Weighing the following raw materials: 30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 30 parts of citric acid, 0.8 part of vitamin C, 60 parts of potassium sulfate and 80 parts of urea;
crushing the raw materials and sieving the crushed raw materials with a 40-mesh sieve; adding 5 times of water into potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, citric acid and vitamin C, uniformly mixing, adding urea for 3 times under high-speed stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer B;
example 4
The preparation method of the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer used in the foliar fertilizer spraying step is the same as that in example 3, except that the addition of potassium sulfate is omitted from the raw materials, and a chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer b is prepared.
Example 5
Preparation of soil conditioner for soil improvement
Weighing the following raw materials: 50 parts of acrylic acid, 50 parts of maleic anhydride, 3 parts of ammonium persulfate and 50 parts of water;
dissolving maleic anhydride in water, heating to 65 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring, dropwise adding acrylic acid (finishing dropping within 2 hours), and reacting at the constant temperature of 85 ℃ for 3 hours after finishing dropping to obtain the soil conditioner C.
Effect testing experiment
Selecting a certain orange test garden with the phenomenon of iron deficiency yellowing, wherein the content of iron in leaves is 25mg/kg, the leaves are divided into 10 blocks in equal area, respectively marking the test groups 1-10, and correcting the iron deficiency yellowing of oranges;
test group 1: firstly, diluting the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer B by 100 times and spraying;
spraying a soil conditioner C after one week, wherein the spraying amount is 1L/mu, and after spraying, performing flood irrigation by using water not accumulated on the ground;
after the soil conditioner is sprayed for one week, ditching at the position 50cm away from the citrus hole with the ditching depth of 20cm, applying the organic iron fertilizer A with the application amount of 200 g/plant, adding water after applying the organic iron fertilizer, pouring in the hole, and backfilling the surface soil.
Test group 2: the method is the same as the test group 1, and is characterized in that the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer b is diluted by 100 times and sprayed;
test group 3: the difference from test group 1 is that organic iron fertilizer a is applied;
test group 4: the method is the same as the test group 1, and is characterized in that the step of spraying the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer B is omitted;
test group 5: the difference from the test group 1 is that the spraying of the soil conditioner C is omitted;
test group 6: the difference from the test group 1 is that organic iron fertilizer A is not applied outside the ditching roots;
test group 7: only adopting chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer B to dilute by 100 times and spraying;
test group 8: only spraying the soil conditioner C, wherein the spraying amount is 1L/mu, and after spraying, flood irrigation is carried out with large water, and the degree is that no water is accumulated on the ground;
test group 9: ditching is carried out on the position 50cm away from the citrus hole, the ditching depth is 20cm, organic iron fertilizer A is applied, the application amount is 200 g/plant, water is added into the hole for irrigation after the organic iron fertilizer is applied, and surface soil is backfilled;
test group 10: and (4) performing a blank test, namely performing foliar water spraying and large water flood irrigation treatment.
Collecting the leaves in the areas 1-10 of the test group 15 days and 30 days after the treatment is finished, and detecting the appearance of the citrus leaves and the content of iron elements; wherein the grading standard of iron element in the blade is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
| Fe(mg/kg) | |
| Lack of | ＜35 |
| Low amount of | 35-59 |
| Proper amount of | 60-120 |
| High volume | 121-200 |
| Excess of | ＞200 |
Specific results are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2
| Fe (mg/kg)/15 days | Fe (mg/kg)/30 days | |
| Test group 1 | 78 | 72 |
| Test group 2 | 55 | 95 |
| Test group 3 | 65 | 62 |
| Test group 4 | 45 | 36 |
| Test group 5 | 65 | 41 |
| Test group 6 | 52 | 45 |
| Test group 7 | 62 | 35 |
| Test group 8 | 34 | 32 |
| Test group 9 | 42 | 35 |
| Test group 10 | 22 | 20 |
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the method of the present invention, which comprises foliar fertilization, soil improvement and soil fertilization after soil improvement, can realize effective correction of iron deficiency yellowing, ensure long-lasting iron supply for plants, and ensure no relapse after 30 days, and the correction effect will be poor due to the absence of a certain process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A correction method for iron deficiency yellowing of oranges is characterized in that foliage dressing is firstly carried out on the oranges with iron deficiency yellowing, then soil improvement is carried out, and soil fertilization is carried out after the soil improvement is carried out for 5-10 days;
wherein the soil fertilization is to ditch near the tree crown drip and apply organic iron fertilizer; the foliage fertilizer is a chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer sprayed to the citrus trees with iron deficiency and yellowing;
the soil improvement is that the citrus garden is irrigated by flood after the soil conditioner is sprayed on the surface of the citrus garden;
the organic iron fertilizer applied in the soil fertilization step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of livestock manure, 50 parts of crop straw and 20 parts of ferrous sulfate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing crop straws, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing with livestock and poultry manure and ferrous sulfate, adding water to adjust the water content to 30%, carrying out anaerobic composting fermentation at 55 ℃ for 15 days, crushing and granulating the product for 5-10mm, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain an organic iron fertilizer;
the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer sprayed in the foliar fertilizer spraying step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-30 parts of citric acid, 0.5-0.8 part of vitamin C, 50-60 parts of potassium sulfate and 60-80 parts of urea; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the raw materials and sieving the crushed raw materials with a 40-mesh sieve; adding water into potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, citric acid and vitamin C, uniformly mixing, adding urea for 2-3 times under the condition of high-speed stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain the chelated iron organic foliar fertilizer;
the soil conditioner in the soil improvement step comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 20-50 parts of acrylic acid, 10-50 parts of maleic anhydride, 3-5 parts of ammonium persulfate and 30-50 parts of water; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving maleic anhydride in water, heating to 65-75 ℃, adding ammonium persulfate, uniformly stirring, dropwise adding acrylic acid, and reacting at constant temperature after dropwise adding to obtain the soil conditioner; the spraying amount is 1-1.5L/mu; in the soil fertilization step, ditching is carried out near the water dripping line of the crown, and the ditching depth is 10-40 cm; the application amount of the organic iron fertilizer is as follows: 100-300 g/plant, applying organic iron fertilizer, watering, and backfilling surface soil;
the addition amount of water is 5-10 times of the total amount of the raw materials, the raw materials are prepared at present, and the raw materials are diluted by 50-100 times for use when being sprayed;
the constant temperature reaction temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-4 h.
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